WM

Question 1

General formula of alcohols

Answer 1

ROH

Question 2

General formula of aldehydes

Answer 2

RCHO

Question 3

General formula of ketones

Answer 3

RCOR

Question 4

General formula of carboxylic acids

Answer 4

RCOOH

Question 5

General formula of acid anhydrides

Answer 5

(RCO)2O

Question 6

General formula of esters

Answer 6

RCOOR

Question 7

General formula of ethers

Answer 7

ROR

Question 8

Structural formula of aldehydes

Answer 8

O
      //
R--C
       \
        H

Question 9

Structural formula of ketones

Answer 9

R
   \
    C == O
   /
 R

Question 10

Structural formula of carboxylic acids

Answer 10

O
        //
R -- C
         \
        OH

Question 11

Structural formula of acid anhydrides

Answer 11

R – C – O – C – R
|| ||
O O

Question 12

Structural formula of esters

Answer 12

O
||
R – C – O – R

Question 13

Structural formula of ethers

Answer 13

R – O – R

Question 14

Suffix for alcohols

Answer 14

-ol

Question 15

Suffix for aldehydes

Answer 15

-al

Question 16

Suffix for ketones

Answer 16

-one

Question 17

Suffix for carboxylic acids

Answer 17

-oic acid

Question 18

Suffix for acid anhydrides

Answer 18

-oic anhydride

Question 19

Suffix for esters

Answer 19

-oate

Question 20

Suffix for ethers

Answer 20

-oxy-

Question 21

What can primary alcohols be oxidised in to?

Answer 21

Aldehydes and then carboxylic acids

Question 22

What can secondary alcohols be oxidised to?

Answer 22

Ketones

Question 23

What can tertiary alcohols be oxidised to?

Answer 23

Nothing. They can’t be oxidised

Question 24

How do you oxidise primary alcohols?

Answer 24

1) Gently heat ethanol with potassium(VI) diachromate solution and sulfuric acid in a flask to produce ethanal.
2) As theres lots of oxidising agent you need to remove aldehyde as soon as its formed by using a distillation apparatus.
3) To produce a carboxylic acid the alcohol has to vigorously oxidised by heating under reflux.

Question 25

What forms when you dehydrate an alcohol?

Answer 25

An alkene.

Question 26

What catalyst is used to oxidise ethanol?

Answer 26

Potassium(VI) diachromate solution

Question 27

What catalyst is used to dehydrate ethanol?

Answer 27

Pumice stone or aluminium oxide (Al2O3)

Question 28

How to dehydrate ethanol?

Answer 28

- Ethanol vapour passed over hot catalyst (pumice stone or aluminium oxide). OR - Reflux ethanol with excess concentrated sulfuric acid at 170. Ethene produced is collected over water.

Question 29

What forms when alcohols react with carboxylic acids?

Answer 29

Esters

Question 30

What forms when alcohols react with acid anhydrides?

Answer 30

Esters

Question 31

How to test for phenols?

Answer 31

``` Use iron(II) chloride solution. Turn purple ```

Question 32

What forms when acid anhydrides react with phenols?

Answer 32

Esters

Question 33

Are phenols a strong or weak acid?

Answer 33

Weak

Question 34

Do phenols and carbonate solutions react? Why?

Answer 34

No as sodium carbonate isn't a strong enough base to remove hydrogen ion.