WM final Flashcards
don't fail these finals!!
1
Q
Wildlife Management
A
application of ecological knowledge to animal populations and their plant and animal associates in a manner that strikes a balance between the needs of these populations and those of people
2
Q
What was considered a dark year?
A
Market Hunting
3
Q
There was a person that killed 100,000 of a species of bird, what bird was it?
A
Robin
4
Q
What 2 seasons did market hunting happen the most?
A
Nesting and Breeding
5
Q
What year was the Migratory Bird Treaty Act passed?
A
1918
6
Q
What was the first federal bird sanctuary?
A
Pelican Island (1903)
7
Q
Most numerous bird that is now extinct?
A
Passenger Pigeon
8
Q
What 2 bird species were declared extinct in 1914
A
Passenger Pigeon and Carolina Parakeet
9
Q
What was the wild turkey population in the 16th century?
A
10 million
10
Q
Market Hunting was detrimental to what species?
A
White Tailed deer
11
Q
What is the current estimated deer population?
A
15 million
12
Q
During the years of 1871-1872 how many bison were shot?
A
8.5 million
13
Q
How many bison remained in 1889?
A
150
14
Q
What year was the last free-roaming bison shot?
A
1894
15
Q
Ecology
A
Study of interrelationships of organisms with one another and their environment.
16
Q
What is the number of trophic levels limited by?
A
resources
17
Q
Range of Tolerance
A
Range of environmental conditions that limit the abundance and distribution of organisms
18
Q
What biome has the highest diversity of wildlife?
A
Tropical Rainforest
19
Q
highest Animal diversity of any biome?
A
Temperate deciduous Forest
20
Q
What is the early and late state of succession called?
A
Early - Pioneer
late- climax
21
Q
what is the indication of the number of species?
A
Richness
22
Q
Population Ecology
A
Interaction and interbreeding of individuals
23
Q
What are the characteristics of Population?
A
Diversity, Fertility, Fecundity, Birth rate, Mortality rate, Recruitment
24
Q
What are the management aspects for range of tolerance?
A
- environmental conditions need to be considered with reintroducing/stocking
- Changes in an environment in a given area could result in loss of species
25
Does soil Quality have a direct relationship to food management in wildlife?
Yes
26
Which 3 species do extensive damage?
Deer, Snow geese, Hogs
27
Is organic farming ideal for all crops?
No
28
Natural foods can be increased but public won't be happy about ________?
Habitat modification
29
Fish migrating down rivers to the sea to spawn
Catadromous (eels)
30
Fish migrating up rivers from sea to spawn
Anadromous (salmon)
31
How much more energy does fat contain then carbohydrates?
double
32
Ethology
Study of Animal Behavior
33
What was the first year of Everglades National Park?
1947
34
Are honeysuckles invasive?
Yes
35
When did the Eyon Valdez oil spill happen?
1989
36
Power plants produce what type of pollution?
thermal
37
what is the % of micronutrients in wildlife?
.01%
38
Artic tern migrates how many miles?
20,000
39
What chemical was banned in 1972?
DDT
40
02 is used up during decomposition from what type of pollution?
Organic Pollution Eutrophication
41
What year did conservation tillage surpass conventional tillage?
1994
42
5 Aspects of fire on grassland?
1. Gets rid of woody species
2. Increases quality of grassland
3. increases soil nutrients and quality
4. warms ground causing new growth
5. mostly doesn't harm wildife
43
Rangeland reform occurred in what year?
1994
44
Wildlife feed by humans can become ________
a nuisance
45
Proteins contain amino acids that are essentials for the reproduction of what?
cells
46
What are the 2 types of preditors?
1. Generalist (make good use of what's available)
2. Specialist (specialize in one species
47
What is the most invasive speices in this area?
Honeysuckle
48
What is poisonous in high levels in fish?
mercury
49
What could encourage over popullation and is expensive?
feeding
50
List and describe components of animal behavior
1. Habitat selection
2. Courtship behavior
3. Territorial behavior
4. Dispersal
5. Imprinting
6. Migration
51
What is the importance of Farms to wildlife?
1. provides edge
2. food and cover
3. early succession habitat
4.water source
5. nesting
6. imprinting
52
What 2 things are barriers to terrestrial species?
Rivers and Oceans
53
What is a Coywolf?
Cayote and Wolf mix
54
What source of pollution is hard to monitor as well as hard to regulate?
non-point source
55
Do herbicides have an indirect effect on wildlife by killing vegetation?
Yes
56
What classification may vary by state or region?
Non-game species
57
Section 7 of the endangered species act requires an environmental impact statement
True
58
Currently there is how many animals listed on the endangered list?
over 1300
59
"tree farms" primary purpose is to harvest trees for wood products
True
60
Primary age of an Anti-hunter is between _____ years of age
30-39
61
early hunting took place with _____ and large hunting parties
spears
62
Planting exotic trees can replace native trees?
true
63
Monoculture strands of trees cannot have an increase of insect infestation
False
64
Which of the following considered an exotic species of bird?
Starling
65
Zebra Mussels were introduced in 1985 into what body of water?
The Great Lakes
66
Nutria was brought to the US in _____ for fur farming
1930's
67
An area designated primarily for human recreation
Park
68
On August 25, 1916 the National Park Service was formed
True
69
Who brought the Ring-neck pheasant to US for hunting?
European Immigrants
70
How many millions of acres were in National Forest in 1907?
100,000
71
K-selected species are not as vulnerable to extinction
False
72
The endangered species preservation act was approved in
1973
73
The first national park was established in
1872
74
The role of hunters is being challenged today
true
75
Hunting in parks is not accepted by most of the public
true
76
this endangered species can encounter problems if ground water is polluted
Ozark crave fish and cave crayfish
77
Africanized bees were introduced in ______ in southern Brazil
1956
78
Endangered species that have benefited from captive breeding are which of the following?
Peregrine Falcon, Panda, black-footed ferret
79
What is the most common animal attack report in National Parks?
Bear
80
Clear cuts are very beneficial for wildlife for the first few years
true
81
What is the average age of a trapper?
35
82
There are over _____ of wildlife refugees
450
83
Sandhill cranes were used as foster parents for whooping cranes
true
84
Animals on islands often evolved without preditors
True
85
Animals that are faced with extinction in all or much of their distribution are considered to be ______ by federal listing
Endangered
86
Animals that are proposed as endangered but not yet classified are considered to be _____ by federal listing
Candidate
87
Animals that seem likely to become endangered are considered _______ by federal listing
Threatened
88
National Invasive Species act was enacted in what year?
1996
89
The primary purpose of the National Wildlife Refuge is to maintain wildlife and habitat in a natural state
True
90
Trapping has more controversy than hunting
True
91
The argument of pro-hunters is that man is a natural predator
True
92
is it illegal to ship certain plants and animals by mail?
True
93
Which are factors that can lead to endangerment of an animal?
Poaching, biological events, environmental events
94
A sub-account of the Pittman-Robertson Act funds non-game species
True
95
Which of the following is considered an exotic plant in Missouri
Japanese Honeysuckle, Tall Fescue, Autumn Olive
96
Tudra Facts
Climate (short summers, long/cold winters, low precipitation)
Wildlife (grazing mammals, migratory birds, large predators)
Management aspects (simple food chain, sensitive to outside)
97
Boreal Forest Facts
Climate (moderate temp, moderate precipitation)
Wildlife (Diverse mammals, migratory birds, 1/3 of North American birds use this biome)
management aspects (fire-tolerant ecosystems)
98
Temperate Decidous Forest
Climate (high precip, warm/humid summers, cool winters)
Wildlife (high diversity, complex ecosystems)
Management aspects (Species are specific, resource management)
99
Desert
climate (hot, low precip, short growing season)
wildlife (small mammals, reptiles)
Management (fragile ecosystems, sensitive to outside, active management)
99
Temperate Grassland (Prarie)
Climate( Low/moderate precip, wet/dry cycles, hot summers, cold winters)
Wildlife (large grazing mammals, predators)
Management Aspects ( migratory bird routes, active management methods, agriculture concerns)
100
Mediterranean Scrub Forest (chaparral)
Climate (stable/moderate, dry summer, short wet winter)
Wildlife (diversity of animals)
Management (perfect for humans, limited native habitat, natural fires common)
101
Tropical RainForest
Climate (high precip, wet and dry seasons)
Wildlife (animal diversity is highest)
Management Aspects (most nutrients in vegetation, slow to recover from deforestation, large continuous tracks needed, difficult to manage people)
102
R-selected species
1. high rate of population increase
2. discover new habitats quickly
3. reproduce quickly
4. disperse quickly
5. overuse may occur causing migration and cycle starts over
103
K-selected species
1. Population is maintained near carrying capacity
2. produce few offspring with high survival rates
3. long life span
4. adapted for life in stable, long-lived environments
