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Women's civil rights - political campaign 1960-1992 Flashcards

(12 cards)

1
Q

when + What is NOW?

A

The National Organisation for Women (1966)

  • NOW brought legal action against employers who broke (1967) executive order 11375 against sex discrimination by companies with federal contracts.
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2
Q

What was the report on american women?

A

(1963)
* study commissioned by Kennedy, was worked on by highly educated women.
* highlighted the statistics of unequality amongst women
* This recommended the Equal Pay act which was passed in (1963)

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3
Q

What is
(WEAL) ?

A
  • They brought action against 300 schools and colleges that discriminated against women.
  • Rejected NOW’s support for abortion reform,
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4
Q

How did ERA become more militant?

A
  • (1972) 20,000 women striked, calling for full equality.
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5
Q

What is Nixon’s silent majority (1969-74)?

A
  • Large Conservative middle class who opposed social change.
  • The move towards conservatism led by Reagan, was able to prevent the ERA being ratified.
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6
Q

What was the political movement of the 1970s and 80s?

A
  • 80,000-100,000 women participated in some kind of women’s group in the 70s.
  • The social agenda was wider, health, abortion, marriage, divorce, sexuality and rights for older and working women.
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7
Q

What was the economic inequality of women stats?

wages post 50s

A
  • Female wages were
    63% of men’s in 1956
    56% of mens in 1973.
  • no tax relief for children until 1977
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8
Q

What was the situation by 1992 - econ + political position?

e.g sc judge woman

A
  • Despite the equal pay act 1963, women were paid 32% less than men.
  • It was not until 1981 that a women was appointed to the supreme court - Sandra Day O’Conner.
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9
Q

What are the statistics of women in the House of Representatives and Senate?

A
  • (HoR) never rose above 6% at the end of the period - women never truly represented
  • Number of female senators maxed out at 4 out of 100.
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10
Q

what was the Equal Rights amendment

A
  • proposed in (1923)
  • would explicitly prohibit sexual discrimination
  • Passed congress In (1972) - ratified by 35/38 states needed
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11
Q

percentage of unmarried women employed by 1870

A

13%

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12
Q

Shepard tower act

A

(1921) - provided day care centres
- repealed In 1929

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