Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Misc Boards Review > Women's Health / Pregnancy > Flashcards

Women's Health / Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What do give patients on Depo need?
Don’t use longer than what?

A
  • Ca and Vit D supplement
  • 2-5 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What problems are contraindications for COC? Immune problem?
BP?

A
  • SLE
  • liver disease
  • Uncontrolled HTN
  • active CA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Do minors need consent for STD tx, contraception, or pregnancy care?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What 2 things do minors need consent for?

A
  • Dysmenorrhea tx
  • Consult for meds other than contraceptives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Always order what if a patient has a GU complaint?

A

HCG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What colposcopy result indicate something serious?

A
  • CIN 2 and 3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What to do with positive ASCUS?

A
  • HPV co-testing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does Gardisil prevent?
Which strains are important to know?

A
  • HPV
  • 16 and 18: cervical CA
  • 6 and 11: genital warts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment for genital warts?

A
  • TCA acid or cryo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Risks associated with HRT? (4)
How long to use?

A
  • Heart disease, blood clots
  • Ovarian CA, Breast CA
  • Ideally < 3 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

HRT Drugs to use?
Uterus vs. No uterus

A
  • Uterus: Estrogen AND progestin – prevents endometrial hyperplasia and CA
  • No uterus: Estrogen only
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

SSRI good for menopause?

A

Paxil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

High risks with ginkgo?

A

Bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Does topical estrogen have a cancer risk?
What does it help with? (3)

A
  • NO
  • UTI protection
  • Improve dryness
  • Improve pelvic floor functioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PCOS high risk for what? (4)

A
  • Insulin resistance
  • HLD
  • Ovarian CA
  • Infertility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diagnostic criteria for PCOS? Rotterdam Criteria

A
  • Ovulatory dysfunction
  • Increased androgens
  • Amenorrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What med can cause galactorrhea?
Can also result from what?
What lab should we check? Why?

A
  • Atypical antipsychotics
  • Breast stimulation
  • Check prolactin – check for prolactinoma
  • Check TSH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is happening in endometriosis?

A
  • Tissues that usually grow within the uterus grow outside of it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Symptoms of endometriosis? (4)

A
  • Painful periods
  • Cramping outside of cycle
  • Heavy flow (anemia)
  • Dyspareunia (painful sex)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How to diagnose endometriosis?

A
  • Surgery with biopsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment of endometriosis? (2)
Increased risk for what CAs?

A
  • COC to decrease growth of endometrial tissues and help prevent endometrial and ovarian CA
  • Surgery to remove extra tissue or hysterectomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

LT side effects endometriosis (2)

A
  • Infertility – refer when want to have kids
  • Increase chance of endometrial and ovarian CA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

PCOS
Total testosterone level?
LH/FSH ratio? What’s normal?

A
  • Total testosterone >= 60
  • LH/FSH Ratio 2-3 (may be normal: 1)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

PCOS
What labs to monitor?

A
  • LFTs q2 years
  • OGTT, A1C
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How do COC help in PCOS?
What med can help with excess androgens?

A
  • Suppression of the follicles in the ovaries
  • Spironolactone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Official menopause? Why does it occur?

A
  • Lack of menses for 12 months
  • Ovaries are no longer producing estrogen and progesterone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Atrophic vaginitis treatment

A
  • Vaginal lubricants
  • Estrogen cream
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Complication d/t lack of estrogen?

A
  • Uterine prolapse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Increased risks of what after hitting menopause? (2)

A
  • Heart disease
  • OP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Labs to Diagnose menopause?

A
  • Serum estradiol
  • FSH low
  • LH low
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

When to start mammograms?
How often?
When to stop?
USPSTF

A
  • Prior to age 50: assess risk
  • Age 50-74: every 2 years
  • Age 75+: stop
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When to start mammograms? How often? ACS

A
  • Age 45 and repeat yearly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Most common cause of breast lumps?
What is it related to?

A
  • Fibrocystic Breasts
  • Menstrual cycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Fibrocystic breasts
What happens? Symptoms?
What can exacerbate it?

A
  • Enlarge right before period and shrink after
  • Tender, sore, firm, moveable lumps
  • Caffeine and stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Treatment for fibrocystic breasts?
When to follow up?

A
  • OTC Analgesics
  • If the lumps haven’t shrunk after menses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

BRCA1 and 2: screening
When to start?
How to screen?
Common with who?

A
  • MRI and mammogram – screen 10 years before fam dx
  • Ashkenazi Jews
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Reproductive hx risks for breast CA (4)

A
  • Menarche < 12
  • Menopause > 55
  • Not having children
  • Never breastfed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How to diagnose breast CA? older vs younger?

A
  • Younger: US
  • Older: Mammogram
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Refer if no period before what age?

A

15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is secondary amenorrhea?
Most common cause?

A
  • No menses in 3 months for those with normal periods
  • No menses in 6 months for those with irregular periods
  • Pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Causes of secondary amenorrhea (6)

A
  • Menopause, contraception
  • Thyroid disorders
  • Eating disorders
  • Stress and obesity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Dysmenorrhea diagnostics? (4)

A
  • Check for STIs
  • Check to UTIs
  • Check for GI issues
  • Pelvic exam, even if <25
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Primary cause of dysmenorrhea?

A
  • Excessive prostaglandins (N/V/spastic uterus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Secondary causes of dysmenorrhea? (3)

A
  • Endometriosis, fibroids, PID
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Management of dysmenorrhea? (3)

A
  • NSAIDS – premedicate 1-2 days before starting
  • Exercise
  • Hormonal BC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

When to stop pap smears?

A

Age 65

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Older pap guidelines? When to start?
What if positive ASCUS?

A
  • Start at age 21 and every 3 years or every 5 if HPV contesting
  • If ASCUS between 21-25, repeat pap in a year
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

PID most common causes?

A
  • Gonorrhea and chlamydia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

When to have sex after fluconazole OT tx?

A
  • Delay until symptoms improve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What Tanner stage does puberty start?

A
  • Tanner stage 2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Quick start BC method?

A
  • Take the first pill whatever day you receive
  • Use backup method for 7 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

First-Day start BC method?

A
  • Start first day of next period
  • No backup method needed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Sunday-start BC?

A
  • Start pack on the Sunday following the start of period
  • Back up to 7 days
  • No weekends menses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What if you miss 2 COC pills?

A
  • Take most recent pill, discard other, continue rest of pack with backup method
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What does the estrogen component of BC cause? (3)

A
  • Breast tenderness, nausea, breakthrough bleeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What does the progestin component of BC worsen?

A
  • Acne d/t increased sebum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

How long can NuvaRing be out?

A

< 3 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Can you use progestin only in active CA or liver disease?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

How long does Depo suppress ovulation?
Delay fertility?
Common complaints?

A
  • 12-13 weeks at a time
  • Up to a year or longer
  • Weight gain, acne, depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is needed before starting IUD?

A
  • Pelvic exam
  • STI screening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Contraindications for IUD?

A
  • History of ectopic pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Plan B what hormone?

A
  • Progestin only
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What else can we use for emergency contraception?
Timeframe?
How long to keep?
SE?

A
  • Copper IUD within 7 days
  • Up to 10 years
  • Heavy bleeding
63
Q

Presumptive signs of pregnancy?

A
  • No period
  • No breast tenderness, nausea, fatigue
64
Q

Probable signs of pregnancy?

A
  • HCG = HCG, Hagar’s, Chadwick’s, Goodells
65
Q

What is Hegar’s sign?
Goodells sign?
When do these occur?

A
  • H: Softening of uterine isthmus 6-8 weeks
  • G: Softening of cervix with cyanosis: 4 weeks
66
Q

What is Chadwick’s sign?
When does it occur?

A
  • Bluish discoloration of cervix
  • 6-8 weeks
67
Q

Positive pregnancy signs?

A
  • PUF: palpation of fetus, US, FHT
68
Q

Most common cause of ectopic pregnancy?
Others?

A
  • Abnormally shaped fallopian tube
  • PID, STI, prior ectopic pregnancy, endometriosis
69
Q

Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy? (5)

A
  • Positive HCG
  • Abdominal pain, bleeding
  • lightheaded, syncope
70
Q

Biggest risk with ectopic pregnancy?
What do we do?
How is it treated?

A
  • Rupture – need to refer!
  • Methotrexate or surgery
71
Q

Fundal height at 12 weeks? 20 weeks?
Normal variation?
MacDonald’s rule?

A
  • 12: pubic symphysis
  • 20: umbilicus
  • +/- 2cm or or down
  • Uterine size should match mow many weeks pregnancy
72
Q

What is Naegele’s Rule?

A
  • LMP + 9 months + 7 days
  • Calculates due date
73
Q

When do we screen for gestational DM? GBS? AFP?

A
  • DM: 24-28 weeks
  • GBS: 36-37 weeks
  • AFP: 15-20 weeks
74
Q

How is GBS screened?
Treated?
Need follow up?

A
  • Rectal vaginal swab 36-37weeks
  • IV PCN during labor
  • No follow up needed
75
Q

Who gets RhoGAM?
When?
Need to repeat when? Always?

A
  • All Rh- patients
  • 28 weeks
  • Need to repeat 72hr post-delivery if baby is Rh positive
76
Q

When are cephalosporins and Macrobid safe during pregnancy?
What can’t we use at all?

A
  • Second trimester
  • Cipro
77
Q

Down Syndrome 3 big risks?

A
  • Alzheimer, hypothyroidism, cervical spine instability
78
Q

Placenta abruption
Symptoms?
When does it occur?
Treatment?

A
  • Painful vaginal bleeding, hard abdomen, contractions
  • occurs in 3rd trimester
  • STAT C-section
79
Q

Placenta Previa
What is it? Symptoms?

A
  • Placenta covering cervical opening,
  • Painless vaginal bleeding
80
Q

Placenta previa treatment?
Does it usually resolve?

A
  • Pelvic rest, monitor with US
  • Yes and c-section if not
81
Q

Mastitis unresolved with abx?

A
  • Refer for mammogram and gyn visit
  • Don’t stop breastfeeding
82
Q

When to start folic acid supplement? What if hx NTD?

A
  • 1 month before conception
  • 4000mcg daily
83
Q

Medications to avoid in pregnancy?

A
  • ACE, fluoroquinolones, statins, methotrexate, Accutane
84
Q

How much weight to gain during pregnancy with normal BMI?

A
  • 25-35lb
85
Q

What are the choices for GM screening?

A
  • One step
  • Two step
86
Q

What if patient fails the One Step test?

A
  • They go for a 3-step test
87
Q

First line tx gestational DM? Second?

A
    1. Lifestyle changes
    1. Metformin or insulin
88
Q

Preterm labor occurs when?
Risk Factors?

A
  • Prior to 37 weeks
  • Multiple gestation, smoking, UTIs, infection
89
Q

Symptoms of Preeclampsia? (5)
Lab?

A
  • HTN, HA, vision changes, Edema
  • Epigastric pain
  • Proteinuria
90
Q

When does preeclampsia usually occur?
Treatment?

A
  • After 20 weeks
  • Delivery
91
Q

Zika virus spread how? Can cause what?

A
  • Mosquitos
  • Microcephaly and brain defects
92
Q

Foodborne illness to worry about?
Prevention?
Foods to avoid?

A
  • Listeria
  • Proper food storage, hygiene, wash produce
  • Uncooked deli meat, unpasteurized foods, soft cheese
93
Q

What can listeria lead to? Treatment?

A
  • Miscarriage
  • PCN
94
Q

What bug is in the litter box?

A
  • Parvo 19
95
Q

Post-partum depression scale? Treatment?

A
  • Edinburg Postnatal Depression scale
  • CBTs and antidepressants
96
Q

When does postpartum depression occur?
Screening?

A
  • Up to 1 year after
  • Before discharge and at all postpartum and pediatrician visits
97
Q

When should IUD be placed after pregnancy?

A
  • Within 48hr or 4-6 weeks postpartum
98
Q

Placenta abruption
Symptoms?
When does it occur?

A
  • Painful vaginal bleeding, hard abdomen
  • Contractions
  • 3rd trimester 27 weeks onward
99
Q

Placenta Previa
What is it?
Symptoms?

A
  • Placenta covering cervical opening
  • Painless vaginal bleeding
100
Q

What does nucleic acid amplification test for?

A
  • Chlamydia, gonorrhea, trich
101
Q

What is the screening test for HIV?

A
  • HIV 1/2 antibody assay testing
102
Q

What screening test are used for syphilis? (3)

Most specific?

A
  • Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) - least specific
  • Venereal disease research (VRDL)
  • Fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA) most specific
103
Q

What does primigravida mean?

A
  • Pregnant for the first time
104
Q

Leopold maneuvers are an example of what kind of pregnancy?

A
  • Positive – can palpate the fetus
105
Q

Is it normal to have some bleeding and spotting in early pregnancy?

A
  • Yes and can occur when next menstrual cycle should be
106
Q

Diagnostic tests for premature rupture of membranes? (2)

A
  • Nitrazine testing
  • Fern Test
107
Q

When to get Tdap during pregnancy? How often does this patient get it?

A
  • 27-36 weeks
  • With every pregnancy
108
Q

What vaccines are safe during pregnancy?

A
  • Tdap, Hep B, Influenza IM
109
Q

BP diagnostic in preeclampsia? Urine findings?

A
  • BP >140/90
  • Proteinuria
110
Q

Normal vaginal pH

A
  • < 4.5
111
Q

pH in candida?
atrophic vaginitis?
BV?
Contaminated?

A
  • Candida: 4.0-4.5
  • AV: >5
  • BV: >6
  • Contaminated: 8.0
112
Q

GBS with allergy to PCN treatment?

A
  • IV clindamycin
113
Q

Melasma can be caused by what?

A

COC

113
Q

Do you treat the partner if positive for trich? Need follow up testing?

A
  • Yes treat partner
  • No follow-up needed
114
Q

Most common STD worldwide?

A

Trich

115
Q

Treatments for BV? (3)

A
  • Flagyl
  • Vaginal flagyl
  • Clindamycin cream
116
Q

Short cervix has risk for what?

A
  • Premature labor
117
Q

What to order if COC have not improved cramping?

A
  • Over TVUS to rule out cysts or masses
118
Q

When can a pregnant patient have Macrobid?

A
  • Second trimester 14-26 weeks
119
Q

Second line treatment for mastitis

A

Keflex, Clinda

120
Q

Most common cause of sore and painful nipples when breastfeeding?

A

Poor latch

121
Q

Contraindications to breastfeeding? (4)

A
  • Maternal HIV
  • TB
  • Active HSV lesion on the breast
  • Varicella between 5 days before delivery and 2 day postpartum
121
Q

HPV vs. Pap smears reliability

A
  • HPV testing is very reliable, so they don’t need completed as often
  • HPV more reliable than pap smear
122
Q

What do BV cells look like?

A
  • Vaginal epithelial cells with blurred margins
122
Q

When is first DTaP given to babies?
Then when?

A
  • 2 months
  • 2 additional doses at 4 and 6 months
123
Q

Threatened abortion occurs when?

A
  • Before 20 weeks
124
Q

What diagnosis increases risk for NAFLD?

A
  • PCOS
125
Q

When are appointments during pregnancy?

A
  • Every 4 weeks until 28weeks
  • Every 2 weeks 28-36 weeks
  • Every week until delivery
126
Q

Tests to order with galactorrhea? (3)

A
  • Prolactin
  • Pregnancy test
  • TSH
126
Q

Mastitis and breastfeeding

A
  • Continue to feed or dump to avoid milk stasis
127
Q

Smoking contraindications with COC?

A
  • Smoke > 15 cigs/day AND age > 35
128
Q

1 hour OGTT 60 min after 50g sugar
– what number indicates DM?

A
  • > 140
129
Q

What to do if pregnant and exposed to Erythema Infectiosum?
Then what?

A
  • Obtain Parvovirus B19 antibodies to assess immunity status
  • Collect again in 4 weeks
130
Q

What labs to determine viable pregnancy?

A
  • HCG plus progesterone levels
131
Q

Postmenopausal woman with T score between -1.0 and -2.5 treatment?

A
  • Fosamax
132
Q

Breast CA treatment if caught early?

A
  • Lumpectomy with radiation
133
Q

Patients with moderate to high risk of breast CA should have what kind of screening? (3)

Breast exams how often?
Mammograms how often?
MRIs how often?

A
  • Professional breast exams q6-12mo
  • Mammograms yearly (not before 30)
  • MRIs yearly (not before 25)
134
Q

HRT not recommended for what age?
Why?

A
  • > 60 d/t risk of clots
135
Q

When is varicella given?

A
  • 12 months
  • 4-6 year
136
Q

Seizure/psych med contraindicated with COC?

A

Lamictal

137
Q

Complication of untreated gestational DM? (2)
First line tx if lifestyle changes don’t work?

A
  • Preeclampsia and Macrosomia
  • Insulin
138
Q

Blood thinner safe during pregnancy?
When to stop?

A
  • Lovenox
  • Need to stop 18-24hr before spinal or epidural anesthesia
139
Q

COC cancer risks
Increased risk for what?
Decreased risks for what?

A
  • Slightly higher chance of cervical and breast CA
  • Decrease risk of ovarian and endometrial CA
140
Q

What happens during an inevitable abortion?
Possible to carry?

A
  • When there is dilation of the cervix, ROM, but passage of fetus hasn’t occurred
  • Nothing we can do, refer to OB for follow-up care
141
Q

Can you treat STDs with exposure?

A
  • Yes, treat a presumptive positive
142
Q

Can you have HRT with endometriosis? What if you smoke?

A
  • No with endometriosis
  • Yes, smoking is not a complete contraindication
  • no with breast CA, liver disease
143
Q

Trich findings on a wet mount?

A
  • Flagella
144
Q

Distinguishing factor between mastitis and inflammatory breast CA?

A
  • Fever only present in mastitis
  • Nipple discharge can be present in both
145
Q

What to do if sexually assault within the last 5 days?

A

Refer to ED

146
Q

You should never feel what in a post-menopausal patient?

A
  • Ovary -> refer for TVUS
147
Q

What is primary amenorrhea?

A

No period before age 15

148
Q

Cervical motion tenderness can mean what?

A

Ectopic pregnancy or infection

149
Q

Management of preeclampsia before delivery?

A

Bed rest with bathroom privileges
Weight and BP monitoring
Closely follow urine protein as well as serum protein, creat, and PLTS

150
Q

Criteria to diagnose PID

A

Cervical motion tenderness
Adnexal tenderness
Uterine tenderness

151
Q

Which breast cancer mimics mastitis!

A

Inflammatory breast CA

152
Q

What diagnostic test confirms breast CA after mammogram?

A

Tissue biopsy

Misc Boards Review (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions