Women's Health Terms Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Gravidity
A
The number of pregnancies, regardless of the outcome
2
Q
Para/parity
A
Number of babies born after 20 weeks gestation
3
Q
GxPx format
A
Gx - total number of pregnancies regardless of outcome Px - number of pregnancies proceeding past 20 weeks
4
Q
Grand multipara
A
Woman who has delivered 5 or more babies at 20 weeks or more
5
Q
Abortion/miscarriage
A
Loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks
6
Q
Labour
A
Regular, painful contractions with cervical change after 20 weeks gestation
7
Q
Caesarean section (classical and lower uterine)
A
Delivery of a baby through an incision in the upper (classical) or lower uterus
8
Q
Hysterotomy
A
Operative delivery of a baby through a uterine incision at less than 20 weeks gestation
9
Q
Pre-term labour
A
Labour at less than 37 weeks gestation
10
Q
Prelabour rupture of the membranes (PROM)
A
Rupture of the membranes before labour has begun
11
Q
Premature prelabour rupture of the membranes (PPROM)
A
Rupture of the membranes before labour has begun, at less than 37 weeks gestation
12
Q
ARM/AROM/SROM
A
Artificial rupture of the membranes, spontaneous rupture of the membranes
13
Q
Braxton-Hicks contractions
A
Painless uterine contractions in the antenatal period
14
Q
Naegle’s Rule
A
Add 9 months and 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period to estimate the date of confinement
15
Q
First stage of labour
A
Beginning of labour to full cervical dilation
16
Q
Second stage of labour
A
Full cervical dilation to birth of the baby
17
Q
Third stage of labour
A
Birth of the baby to passage of the placenta and membranes
18
Q
Spurious or false labour
A
Contractions that may be regular and/or painful but are not associated with cervical effacement or dilation
19
Q
Oxytocic
A
Medication that stimulates uterine contraction
20
Q
Tocolytic
A
Medication to stop uterine contractions
21
Q
Induction of labour
A
The process of causing labour to commence
22
Q
Augmentation of labour
A
Process of stimulating a labour that has already begun
23
Q
Placenta praevia
A
Placenta that approaches or covers the internal cervical os in late second or third trimester
24
Q
Vasa praevia
A
Fetal vessels lying in the membranes in front of the presenting part
25
Antepartum haemorrhage
Bleeding \>5ml from the vagina after 20 weeks gestation
26
Abruption
Separation of the placenta from the uterus in the antenatal or intrapartum period
27
Primary post-partum haemorrhage
Vaginal bleeding of more than 500 ml in the first 24 hours after delivery
28
Secondary post-partum haemorrhage
Vaginal bleeding of more than 500 ml after the first 24 hours after delivery
29
Placenta accreta
Placenta that attaches to the myometrium
30
Uterine atony
Abnormal relaxation of the uterus after delivery, usually causing bleeding
31
Isoimmunisation
Blood group antibodies cross the placenta resulting in haemolysis of fetal red blood cells. Antibodies include D, c, K (Kell), Kidd, Duffy etc.
32
CTG
Cardiotocograph
33
Neonatal death
A liveborn infant who dies within 28 days of birth, of at least 20 weeks gestation or weighing \>400gm if gestation is unknown
34
Stillbirth
An infant born after 20 weeks gestation (or birthweight over 400gm if gestation is unknown) who did not show any signs of life after birth
35
Perinatal mortality rate
The number of stillbirths plus neonatal deaths per 1000 births
36
Maternal death
The death of a woman while pregnant (irrespective of the gestation) or within 42 days of the conclusion of the pregnancy irrespective of the cause of death or gestation at delivery
37
Maternal mortality rate
Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
38
Infant death
Death of an infant between 29 days and 1 year of life
39
Station
The level of descent of the presenting part relative to the pelvic brim or symphysis on abdominal palpation, or to the ischial spines on vaginal examination
40
Lie
The relationship between the long axis of the fetus and the long axis of the uterus, eg longitudinal, oblique, transverse
41
Position
The relationship of a defined area on the presenting part (the ‘denominator’) to the mother’s pelvis. In a cephalic presentation, the denominator is the occiput, thus the fetal position is described as occipito-anterior (OA), occipito-posterior (OP), left or right occipito-transverse (L/ROT). In a breech presentation, the denominator is the sacrum (SA, SP, ST).
42
Presentation
The part of the fetus which is presenting eg vertex, breech
43
Asynclitism
Tilt of the fetal head to the side as it presents
44
Caput
Oedema from obstructed venous return in the fetal scalp caused by pressure of the head against the cervix
45
Cervical incompetence
Painless cervical dilatation in the second trimester causing preterm labour
46
Nullipara
A woman who has never been pregnant beyond 20 weeks gestation
47
Cord prolapse
The cord is alongside or below the presenting part in the presence of ruptured membranes
48
Episiotomy
Surgical incision of the perineum during the second stage of labour
49
Third degree tear
Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa, perineal muscles and external anal sphincter
50
Second degree tear
Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa and perineal muscles
51
Lochia
Vaginal discharge during the puerperium
52
Oligo/polyhydramnios
Reduced or excess amniotic fluid
53
Pre-eclampsia
Hypertension and proteinuria in pregnancy
54
Eclampsia
A seizure in the clinical setting of preeclampsia
55
Amniocentesis
Sampling of amniotic fluid using a needle through the abdominal wall of the woman
56
Chorionic villus sampling
Sampling of the placenta using a needle under ultrasound guidance
57
External cephalic version
Turning a breech baby to cephalic presentation through the maternal abdominal wall
58
Retained placenta
Placenta still in utero 1 hour after delivery of the baby
59
Precipitate labour
Labour less than 4 hours duration
60
Shoulder dystocia
Difficulty delivering the shoulders after delivery of the fetal head
61
Puerperium
The 6 weeks following delivery
62
Quickening
Maternal perception of fetal movements
63
Restitution
Rotation of the fetal head after delivery to align with the back and shoulders
64
Show
A discharge of blood and mucus from the vagina in early labour or the days preceding labour
65
Phototherapy
Use of standard fluorescent white light or blue light therapy to photoisomerise bilirubin to allow for its excretion
66
Exchange transfusion
Procedure to treat severe newborn pathological jaundice in which blood is removed and replaced with donor blood. This removes the bilirubin and also the antibodies that have been causing haemolysis and jaundice.
67
Low birthweight baby
\<2500gm
68
Very low birthweight baby
\<1500gm
69
Neonatal respiratory distress
Tachypnoea, increased effort of breathing, noisy breathing and central cyanosis
70
Caesarean hysterectomy
Laparotomy at which the contents of the gravid uterus are delivered, then the uterus is excised (e.g. due to placenta accreta)
71
Perimortem Caesarean section
Caesarean performed on a moribund or dead woman with a view to preserving her life
72
Abnormal uterine bleeding
An overarching term for disturbed menstrual bleeding, which includes bleeding that is abnormally heavy or abnormal in timing
73
Primary amenorrhoea
Total absence of periods
74
Secondary amenorrhoea
No periods for 6 months or more
75
Intermenstrual bleeding
Bleeding episodes between normally timed menstrual periods that are either random or follow a cyclical pattern
76
Irregular menstrual bleeding
Unpredictable onset of menses, with cycle variations of \>20 days over a period of 1 year
77
Prolonged menstrual bleeding
Menstrual bleeding lasting \>8 days on a regular basis
78
Acute abnormal uterine bleeding
An episode of heavy bleeding that, in the clinician’s opinion, is sufficiently heavy to require immediate treatment to prevent further blood loss
79
Chronic abnormal uterine bleeding
Bleeding from the uterine corpus that is abnormal in volume, duration, and/or frequency and has been present for most of the past 6 months
80
Heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia)
Excessive menstrual blood loss that interferes with a woman’s physical, emotional, social, and material quality of life, occurring alone or with other symptoms. Note that this definition includes menstrual bleeding deemed excessive by the patient regardless of its regularity, frequency, or duration
81
Dysmenorrhoea
Pain during menstruation
82
Dyspareunia
Pain during sexual intercourse
83
Cervical excitation
Pain felt by the woman when her cervix is moved during vaginal examination, typically from free blood in the peritoneal cavity
84
Cervical ectropion
The endocervical columnar epithelium protrudes through the external os of the cervix and onto the vaginal portion of the cervix
85
Infertility
Failure of a couple to conceive in 1 year
86
Endometriosis
The occurrence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, most commonly on the pelvic peritoneal surfaces
87
Adenomyosis
The occurrence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium
88
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes or pelvis
89
Menopause
The final menstrual period
90
Premature menopause
Menopause occurring before 40 years of age
91
Climacteric/perimenopause
The period of time when ovarian function declines and menopausal symptoms appear
92
Post-menopause
The time after menopause
93
Lactational amenorrhoea method
Effective contraception method provided when a woman is fully breast-feeding a baby less than 6 months of age and has no return of menses
94
Normal menstrual cycle
3-7 day-long menses with average blood loss 35 mL per cycle
95
Menorrhagia
Prolonged (\>7 days) or excessive (\> 80 mLs) bleeding at regular intervals
96
Metrorrhagia
Irregular and more frequent cycle
97
Menometrorrhagia
Prolonged or excessive bleeding occurring at irregular and more frequent intervals
98
Hypermenorrhoea
Periods more frequent than every 21 days
99
Metrostaxis
Acute very heavy bleed
