Wood

Question 1

undifferentiated plant tissue; site of active cell division

Answer 1

Meristem

Question 1

What is wood?

Answer 1

Accumulations of secondary xylem arising from a vascular cambium

Question 2

cell division and elongation occurring in apical meristems of roots and shoots

Answer 2

Primary Growth

Question 3

cell division occurring at lateral meristems

Answer 3

Secondary Growth

Question 4

lateral meristem from which arises secondary vascular tissue

Answer 4

Vascular Cambium

Question 5

vascular cambium cells that divide to form secondary xylem and secondary phloem

Answer 5

Fusiform Initials

Question 6

vascular cambium cells that divide to form ray cells

Answer 6

Ray Initials

Question 7

new cell ways are parallel to cambium; forms rays, phloem, etc

Answer 7

Periclinal Divisions

Question 8

new cell walls are perpendicular to cambium; responsible for increasing girth of cambium

Answer 8

Anticlinal divisions

Question 9

All material that is external to the xylem

Answer 9

Bark

Question 10

tissue that replaces the epidermis

Answer 10

Periderm

Question 11

secondary lateral meristem that produces phellum and phelloderm

Answer 11

Phellogen

Question 12

layer of parenchyma tissue between phellogen and vascular cambium

Answer 12

Phelloderm

Question 13

cork

Answer 13

Phellum

Question 14

region of secondary xylem that actively conducts water

Answer 14

Sapwood

Question 15

non-functional secondary xylem

Answer 15

Heartwood

Question 16

lateral system of parenchyma cells

Answer 16

Ray

Question 17

a polymer based on the cellobiose unit and is classified as a carbohydrate

Answer 17

Cellulose

Question 18

polymers based on the phenylpropane unit and are classified as phenolics

Answer 18

Lignin

Question 19

Hardwood comes from ________; Softwood comes from _______;

Answer 19

angiosperms (vessels); gymnosperms (tracheids)

Question 20

wood type in which the diameter of early and late vessel members differ greatly

Answer 20

Ring-Porous Wood

Question 21

wood type in which the vessels are uniform in size and distribution

Answer 21

Diffuse-Porous Wood

Question 22

4 Primary Wood Characteristics

Answer 22

Color, Grain, Texture, Figure

Question 23

What is grain?

Answer 23

direction of alignment of axial components
ex: straight, cross-grained, spiral, interlocked

Question 24

What is texture?

Answer 24

Texture is dependent on size variations of xylem components Coarse vs. Fine

Question 25

What is figure?

Answer 25

pattern; dependent on type of cut Plainsawed will typically bend Quartersawed will typically not

Question 26

How does a plant poop?

Answer 26

It will store waste products in leaves OR store it in its heartwood OR both i suppose

Question 27

3 Areas of Primary Growth

Answer 27

Apical Meristem Zone of Differentiation Zone of Elongation P.S. After cells elongate, they die

Question 28

Alive vs. Dead

Answer 28

Phloem cells must be alive to transfer liquids! They use sieve plates and companion cells to uptake and transfer liquids. Xylem cells must be dead to function properly!!

Question 29

Sap

Answer 29

Sugar Water, typically carried to leaves for new growth