WOODS

Question 1

they come from the conifers (evergreens) which have needles instead of leaves

Answer 1

softwoods

Question 2

they come from the broad-leaved or deciduous trees. Most Philippine timber are of this latter kind

Answer 2

hardwoods

Question 3

is the softer, younger outer portion
of a tree that lies between the
cambium (formative layer just under
the bark) and the heartwood

Answer 3

sapwood

Question 4

it is more permeable, less durable and usually lighter in color than the heartwood

Answer 4

sapwood

Question 5

the portion of the log near the periphery which is generally lighter in color than the central portion.

Answer 5

sapwood

Question 6

it contains living cells and takes an active part in the life process of a tree.

Answer 6

sapwood

Question 7

it contains more organic matter than the central core of the log, it is more susceptible to blueing fungi and wood-boring insects, and is not durable.

Answer 7

sapwood

Question 8

the older, harder central portion of a tree.

Answer 8

heartwood

Question 9

it usually contains deposits of various materials that frequently give it a darker color than sapwood.

Answer 9

heartwood

Question 10

is denser, less permeable and more durable than the surrounding sapwood.

Answer 10

heartwood

Question 11

The central core of the log, it is composed of inactive cells and serves only as a mechanical support

Answer 11

heartwood

Question 12

This is measured by the compression which a piece of timber undergoes when a weight is applied to it.

Answer 12

hardness

Question 13

The amount of piece will bend before breaking . Softwoods are generally brittle while most hardwoods are flexible.

Answer 13

flexibility

Question 14

Caused by the attack of fungi.

Answer 14

decay

Question 15

Cracks or lengthwise separation across the annual rings of growth caused by irregular shrinkage during drying.

Answer 15

checks

Question 16

are formed when the circumference shrinks more than the interior section of the log.

Answer 16

checks

Question 17

These are cracks between and parallel to the annual rings of the growth.

Answer 17

shakes

Question 18

These are irregular growths in the body of a tree which interrupt the smooth curve of the grain. The fibers of the tree are turned from their normal course and grow around the knot at that point of the tree.

Answer 18

knots

Question 19

These are well-defined openings between annual rings containing solid or liquid pitch.

Answer 19

pitchpockets

Question 20

This is the lack of wood on the edge or corner of a piece.

Answer 20

wane

Question 21

Any variation with the plane surface of the piece caused by unequal shrinkage of the board.

Answer 21

warping

Question 22

a distortion of the board in which the edge is convex or concave longitudinal.

Answer 22

crook

Question 23

a distortion of the board in which the face is convex or concave longitudinal.

Answer 23

bow

Question 24

a distortion of the board in which the face is convex or concave across the board.

Answer 24

cup

Question 25

a distortion of the board in which one corner is raised.

Answer 25

twist

Question 26

refers to lumber cut tangent to the annual rings or growth or, in commercial practice, cut with annual rings at an angle 0° to 45°.

Answer 26

plainsawing

Question 27

is preferable when a pleasing pattern is required, as in wall paneling.

Answer 27

plainsawn lumber

Question 28

refers to wood cut radially to the annual rings of growth parallel to the rays or, in commercial practice, cut with the annual growth rings at an angle 45° to 90°.

Answer 28

quartersawing

Question 29

is desirable because it has less shrinkage than plainsawn lumber, and this is important where joints must be kept tight.

Answer 29

quartersawn lumber

Question 30

is classified by its size or dimensions measured in inches, for example, a piece of ______ measuring 2 inches by 4 inches is called 2 x 4.

Answer 30

lumber

Question 31

Lumber less than 2” thick and less than 8” wide.

Answer 31

strips

Question 32

Pieces less than 2” thick and at least 8” wide.

Answer 32

board lumber

Question 33

Pieces more than 2” and less than 5” in any dimension.

Answer 33

dimension lumber

Question 34

Pieces 5” or more on the smallest dimension

Answer 34

timber

Question 35

is the size of lumber when it is cut from the log. After cutting, the lumber is dried and then planed on all four sides to achieve smoothness. The finished size is therefore smaller.

Answer 35

nominal size

Question 36

The process of removing moisture from green wood

Answer 36

seasoning

Question 37

in which the lumber is exposed to the air

Answer 37

air-drying

Question 38

in which warm moist air or superheated steam is used to heat the wood and drive out moisture.

Answer 38

kiln-drying

Question 39

it causes molds, stains and decay in wood

Answer 39

fungi

Question 40

occurs in wood with a moisture content above the fiber saturation point

Answer 40

decay

Question 41

they live in the ground and build earthen tubes to reach their food – cellulose which includes wood primarily but also paper and pulp products.

Answer 41

subterranean termites

Question 42

they use wood for shelter rather than for food, but if they are not found and are left undisturbed they can do extensive damage

Answer 42

carpenter ants & powder-pest beetles

Question 43

They convert wood to powder, shredded fibers or pellets

Answer 43

carpenter ants & powder-pest beetles

Question 44

Their channels are likely to cut across the grain

Answer 44

carpenter ants & powder-pest beetles

Question 45

Black or brownish oil made from distilling coal tar.

Answer 45

coal-tar creosotes

Question 46

a mixture of petroleum oils and 5% and __________

Answer 46

pentachlorophenol

Question 47

Has high protection against decay fungi and termites; can be painted; has no unpleasant odor; is less easily ignited than coal-tar creosotes.

Answer 47

pentachlorophenol

Question 48

Provide less protection against marine borers.

Answer 48

pentachlorophenol

Question 49

is also dissolved in oil, leaving a clean brown-colored surface. It was used extensively for lumber and posts when introduced in the 1930s, but now is specified almost exclusively for the treatment of utility poles and cross arms.

Answer 49

pentachlorophenol

Question 50

Gives protection against decay, insects and fire; can be painted; has no objectionable odor.

Answer 50

chromated zinc chloride

Question 51

are dissolved in water for pressure treating, producing a product that is clean and odorless.

Answer 51

Ammoniacal Copper Arsenate (ACA) & Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA)

Question 52

Consists in placing the wood in cylinders into which the preservative is pumped under pressure

Answer 52

pressure treatment

Question 53

This consists first in placing the wood in a bath of hot preservative for an hour or more. It is then withdrawn and quickly placed in a bath of cold preservative. This is generally used for creosote preservative

Answer 53

hot and cold bath method

Question 54

is the most common wood composite

Answer 54

plywood

Question 55

are those products made from a mixture of wood and other materials

Answer 55

wood composites

Question 56

the center plies

Answer 56

the core

Question 57

the outside plies

Answer 57

the face & the back

Question 58

This is a paneling material made by reducing and refining wood chips into small, threadlike fibers, and then pressing them under heat in hydraulic pressure into dense, smooth, and very rigid panels.

Answer 58

hardboard

Question 59

are a cheaper option than plywood where strength is not required.

Answer 59

hardboards

Question 60

has a smooth surface on one side and a screened surface on the other. It is sometimes known as "Masonite"

Answer 60

hardboard

Question 61

is light brown in color and has a fairly hard, smooth surface on one side and a screened impression on the other. It is flexible and easy to bend. It is suitable for interior use only and where it is not subject to moisture.

Answer 61

standard hardboard

Question 62

is somewhat denser than the Standard but not as dense as Tempered.

Answer 62

panel hardboard

Question 63

are finishing materials made from vegetable fibers such as corn or sugarcane stalks pressed into sheets. It is not very strong, but has good insulating properties therefore it is usually used for ceiling only.

Answer 63

fiberboards

Question 64

is manufactured from wood, straw, bagasse pulp pressed into boards with or without holes or slots

Answer 64

acoustic fiber board

Question 65

is a type of hardboard which is made from wood fibers glued under heat and pressure.

Answer 65

medium density fiberboard

Question 66

has many qualities that make it an ideal alternative to plywood or chipboard.

Answer 66

medium density fiberboard

Question 67

It is dense, flat, stiff, has no knots and is easily machined. Its fine particles provide a material without a recognizable "grain".

Answer 67

medium density fiberboard

Question 68

it contains no internal voids, and will produce better edges providing that it is correctly machined

Answer 68

medium density fiberboard

Question 69

This is a non-combustible building board with a gypsum core enclosed in tough, smooth paper.

Answer 69

gypsum board

Question 70

It is designed to be used without addition of plaster for walls, ceilings or partitions.

Answer 70

gypsum board

Question 71

It is extensively used in “dry-wall” construction, where plaster is eliminated

Answer 71

gypsum board

Question 72

This type is used for surface layer on interior walls and ceilings.

Answer 72

wall board

Question 73

This is used as base layer in multi-ply construction, where several layers of gypsum boards are desired for high fire resistance, sound control and strength in walls.

Answer 73

backing board

Question 74

To save space, this type is used as a base in a multi-ply construction of self-supporting (studless) gypsum walls.

Answer 74

core board

Question 75

For use in fire-rated assemblies, this may be wallboard, backing board, or coreboard made more fire-resistant by addition of glass-fiber or other reinforcing materials

Answer 75

type x gypsum board

Question 76

This type comes with water-resistant gypsum core and water-repellant face paper. It maybe used as base for walls of bathrooms, showers, and other areas exposed to wetting.

Answer 76

water-resistant backing gypsum board

Question 77

This type is used as fire protection and bracing of exterior frame walls. It must be protected from the weather by an exterior facing.

Answer 77

gypsum sheathing

Question 78

This type is used as a permanent form in the casting of gypsum concrete roof decks.

Answer 78

gypsum formboard

Question 79

is made of small wood chips and base materials including cotton stalk, rice straw, bagasse, conventional wood chips and sawdust that have been pressed and glued together

Answer 79

particle board

Question 80

consists of finished lumber which is further cut and processed at a lumber mill. Millwork includes doors, windows, mouldings, trim and other ornamental forms of wood.

Answer 80

millwork