Woods DON’T NEED

Question 1

Name the three classifications of woods

Answer 1

Softwood
Hardwood
Manufactured board

Question 2

Name the two types of trees

Answer 2

Deciduous and coniferous

Question 3

Describe what you mean by the term coniferous trees

Answer 3

Bear cones and needle shaped leaves that stay green all green round

Question 4

Describe what you mean by the term deciduous trees

Answer 4

Flat leaves that fall in autumn

Question 5

What is the timber called that comes from coniferous and deciduous trees

Answer 5

Coniferous trees provide timber known as softwood and deciduous trees provide timber known as hardwood.

Question 6

Are hardwoods hard And difficult to cut into shape and soft woods soft and easy to cut into shape?

Answer 6

No, this is not the case. Balsa wood known for its lightest and ease of cutting is classified as a hardwood.

Question 7

What are manufactured boards?

Answer 7

Those made from wood particles, dust or veneers.

Question 8

Name two types of softwood

Answer 8

Pine

Cedar

Question 9

Describe some properties and uses of pine

Answer 9

Relatively cheap wood
Used in the building trade for low cost furniture
Pale in colour, quite easy to cut and shape and cuts by machine relatively well

Question 10

Name 3 types of pine

Answer 10

Scots pine
Pirana pine
Spruce

Question 11

Name some properties and uses of cedar

Answer 11

Used for modelling and boat building.

Thought to repel moths so used a drawer linings in furniture

Question 12

List 6 softwood properties

Answer 12

1. Softwoods come from coniferous trees
2. Softwoods are special because they don’t lose their needles
3. Softwoods have needles instead of leaves
4. Softwoods grow faster than hardwoods so are cheaper
5. Often used as building materials
6. Trees grow tall and straight which makes it easier for the manufacturer to cut long straight planks of wood

Question 13

Name 6 types of hardwood

Answer 13

Oak
Teak
Balsa
Beech
Ash
Mahogany

Question 14

Discuss some properties and uses of oak

Answer 14

This is an expensive material and is used in making quality expensive furniture.

Steel fittings such as hinges will stain oak so it is important to use brass ones

Question 15

Discuss some properties and uses of teak

Answer 15

A hardwood that contains oil which means it is resistant to decay. This is often used to make garden furniture or for wood block flooring.

Question 16

Mahogany is also a hardwood. List some properties and uses

Answer 16

An easy to work with wood which is reddish brown in colour. This wood is very expensive

Question 17

Discuss some properties and uses of balsa

Answer 17

Is a pale white to grey wood with a distinct velvety feel.

It has exceptional strength to weight properties.

It is the lightest and softest wood of the market despite being a hardwood.

Question 18

Discuss some properties and uses of beech

Answer 18

A straight grained hardwood with a fine texture. Light in colour. Very hard so it is ideal to be used where it is being bashed around and used often. Beech is also very easy to work with.

Question 19

Name 3 types of manufactured boards

Answer 19

MDF
Plywood
Chipboard

Question 20

Discuss some properties MDF

Answer 20

Smooth, even surface. Easy machined and painted or stained. Also available in water and fire resistant forms. We do not use this at school.

Question 21

Discuss some properties and uses of plywood

Answer 21

A very strong board which is constructed of layers of veneer or piles which are glued at 90 degrees to each other. Interior and exterior plywood grades are available.

Question 22

Discuss some properties and uses of chipboard

Answer 22

Made from chips of wood glued together. Usually veneered or covered in plastic laminate.

Question 23

List 6 hardwood properties

Answer 23

1. Hardwoods usually have broad leaves
2. Hardwoods come from deciduous or broad leafed trees.
3. Hardwoods are special as they are deciduous this means they lose their leaves in autumn.
4. You can distinguish hardwoods by the structure of the wood grain
5. Hardwoods grow slower than softwoods so they are generally more expensive
6. Hardwoods include ash, beech, oak, balsa, teak and mahogany

Question 24

List 6 properties of manufactured boards

Answer 24

1. Manufactured boards are often made of waste wood materials.
2. Sawdust is used to make MDF and hardboard
3. The sawdust is help together with glue
4. Boards are relatively inexpensive and so are often used instead of real wood. They are available in large sheet sizes.
5. Manufactured boards do not look as good as real wood.
6. Manufactured boards are often covered with a thin layer of real wood which is called a veneer this improves the appearance.

Question 25

There are 3 types of joining adhesives, what are they?

Answer 25

1. PVA 2. CASAMITE 3. Mechanical joining

Question 26

Comment on PVA adhesive for joining wood

Answer 26

This adhesive gives a strong joint but takes 4-24 hours to dry. Wood needs holding under pressure during this time so that the adhesive penetrates the wood grain. PVA is a liquid, white in colour, clear when dry. It can be water soluble and water proof

Question 27

Discuss the properties of CASAMITE

Answer 27

Synthetic resin This adhesive is waterproof and gives a strong point. It takes 6-8 hours to dry. It comes as a powder and must be mixed into a paste to be used. The wood needs to be clamped together while drying.

Question 28

Discuss the properties of mechanical joining

Answer 28

These include nails, tacks and screws. These come in a variety of lengths and diameters.

Question 29

What are the two main reasons that the surface of a wood is finished?

Answer 29

Aesthetics | Protection

Question 30

What are aesthetics?

Answer 30

A finish will improve the way the product looks, bringing the natural colour and grain pattern out.

Question 31

Discuss protection as a reason for finishing

Answer 31

Applying a surface will protect the product in use

Question 32

How do you prepare a wood before applying a finishing?

Answer 32

Before applying a finish the wood will need to be prepared. If you have the skill level, then a sharp plane will be good enough to prepare the surface with the grain. Otherwise the use of a mechanical sander and hand sanding with glass paper and a sanding block will be appropriate.

Question 33

List 5 methods of finishing of wood

Answer 33

``` Sealer Wax Oil Stain Paint ```

Question 34

Discuss the use of a sealer to finish wood

Answer 34

This adds a shine to the surface and offers some protection from dirt and natural oils. It is often the first coat being followed by another type of finish on top.

Question 35

Discuss the use of a wax to finish wood

Answer 35

There are two main types: bees wax, a natural option and silicon polish. Both of these are solid and need to be rubbed into the surface with a clean cloth, once dried the surface can be buffed to a high shine.

Question 36

Discuss the use of a oil to finish wood

Answer 36

There are a number of different types: teak oil, danish oil, linseed oil. They add shine to the surface and are usually in a liquid form that is applied with a brush or a cloth.

Question 37

Discuss the use of a stain to finish wood

Answer 37

A stain alters the colour of the wood soaking into the surface, but still allowing the grain to be visible.

Question 38

Discuss the use of a paint to finish wood

Answer 38

This adds colour to the wood, often hiding the grain pattern. There are a variety of options: Matt, silk or gloss. Paints are either water or oil based

Question 39

Describe the 4 steps to making a housing joint

Answer 39

1. Get 3 pieces of wood and draw lines on the hem to show where you will cut out the housing joint. It has to be 2 cm away from the edge of the wood so it doesn’t crack 2. Get a lemon saw and cut down the sides of you markings 3. Chisel out thin strips in the gap between you marks right down to the pencil line. 4. Put glue on the sides and the bottom of the piece of wood that is going in. Push it in and clamp them together. 5. Wipe away excess glue with a damp cloth. 6. Leave to dry overnight.