Word Formation Processes

Question 1

Derivation

Answer 1

??

Question 2

Affixation

Answer 2

??

Question 3

Prefixes

Answer 3

Type of affixation. ??

Question 4

Suffixes

Answer 4

Type of affixation. + ??

Question 5

Infixes

Answer 5

Type of affixation + ??

Question 6

Circumfixes

Answer 6

Type of affixation. ??

Question 7

Conversion / Zero Derivation

Answer 7

??

Question 8

Coinage

Answer 8

Process by which words change

Question 9

Onomatopoeia

Answer 9

??

Question 10

Compounding

Answer 10

Two free morphemes are put together (class + room)

Question 11

Endocentric

Answer 11

Type of Compounding. One morpheme gives overall meaning.

Question 12

Exocentric

Answer 12

Type of Compounding. Cannot gain meaning from either of the morphemes.

Question 13

Blending

Answer 13

??

Question 14

Clipping

Question 15

Cliticization

Answer 15

Combine twto morphemes into a single word without creating a new word

Question 16

c’mon, this’ll, didn’t

Answer 16

Cliticization: combine two morphemes into a single word without creating a new word

Question 17

Abbreviation

Answer 17

a shortened form of a written word or phrase used in place of the whole word or phrase

Question 18

TV, ID, USA, NAACP

Answer 18

Abbreviation: a shortened form of a written word of phrase used in place of the world word or phrase

Question 19

Acronym

Answer 19

a word created by combining the first letter or syllable of each owrd in a phrase to create a new, single word.

Question 20

fomo, laser, radar, scuba, nato, covid

Answer 20

Acronym: a word created by comining the first letter or syllable of each word ina phrase to create a new, single word.

Question 21

Eponym

Answer 21

a word that comes from a place or name

Question 22

Hamburger, sandwich, academy, America, boycott, nicotine

Answer 22

Eponym: a word that comes from a place or name

Question 23

Generification

Answer 23

occurs when a brand name is used to refer to a product in general

Question 24

Xerox, Kleenex, Q-tips, Aspirin, Coke, Pampers, Band-Aid, Thermos

Answer 24

Generification: occurs when a brand name is used to refer to a produce in general.

Question 25

Back formation

Answer 25

Note: this is difficult to diagnose. Removing a prefix or suffix from an existing word to create a new word.

Question 26

Examine from "Examination" Cohabitate from "Cohabitation"

Answer 26

Back formation: removing a prefix or suffix from an exisisting word to create a new word

Question 27

Folk Etymology

Answer 27

A process that changes the meaning or form of a word to make it seem more logical or related to a more familiar word. (false assumption)

Question 28

Chaise Longue to "Chaise Lounge" or Buck Naked to "Butt Naked"

Answer 28

Folk etymology: a process that changes the meaning or form of a word to make it seem more logical or related to a more familiar word.

Question 29

Direct borrowing

Answer 29

The word retains their original form and meaning; some however have little variation

Question 30

Bonus, drama, comedy, scene, kindergarten

Answer 30

Direct borrowing: the word retains their original form and meaning.

Question 31

Indirect (Calque) Borrowing

Answer 31

Taken from another language through a literal, word-for-word translation.

Question 32

Skyscraper

Answer 32

Indrect (Calque) Borrowing: taken from another language through a literal, word-for-word translation

Question 33

Semantic Broadening

Answer 33

Taking the meaning of a word from another langauge while keeping the word itself

Question 34

Shipment

Answer 34

Semantic Broadening: borrowing the meaning of a word from another language while keep the word itself. "Shipment" traditionally means something that went by ship. Today shipments from Amazon, for example, are not limited to coming by ship.

Question 35

Semantic Narrowing

Answer 35

A word's meaning becomes more specific or less general over time.

Question 36

Skyline, Meat, Hound

Answer 36

Semantic Narrowing: a word's meaning becomes more specific or less general over time. (Skyline originally referred to any horizon, but now only refers to a horizon with skyscrapers and other buildings visible. Meat originally mean food but not only refers to animal flesh. Hound traditional referred to any type of dog, but now only refers to dogs used for hunting.

Question 37

Metaphorical Extension

Answer 37

the meaning of a word grows in a new direction through the popular adpotion of comparision (?)

Question 40

Illuminate, Ship, Grasp

Answer 40

Metaphorcial Extension =