Words

Question 1

vessels used for exploration. Some vessels held 100 saidlors!

Answer 1

Pytheas皮西亚斯

Question 2

(ai r - uh - T AW S - th uh - n ee z) (264-194 B.C.) is credited with two contributions:

1. He calculated the Earth’s circumference.
2. He invented the first latitude/longitude system.

Answer 2

Eratosthennes埃拉托色尼

Question 3

In 127 B.C., improved Eratosthenes’ maps by inventing the regular grid system.

Answer 3

Hipparchus希帕克斯

Question 4

In 450 B.C., published a detailed history of Greece’s struggles with the Persian Empire. This work was significant because it was one of the earliest published maps of the world the Greeks knew.

Answer 4

Herodotus希罗多德

Question 5

In 63 B.C.-24 A.D., published a 17-book work called Geographic that contained a map expanding knowledge/accuracy about the world.

Answer 5

Strabo斯特拉博

Question 6

In 100-168 A.D., developed the first known map to show a portion of the Earth as a sphere on flat paper.

Answer 6

Ptolemy托勒密

Question 7

1. Also called parallels.
2. Run east-west.
3. 0º parallel is also called the equator.

Answer 7

Latitude Lines纬度线

Question 8

1. Also called meridians.

2. Run north-south.

Answer 8

Longitude Lines经度线

Question 9

located on the longitude of the Royal Naval Observatory in Greenwich, England.

Answer 9

Prime Meridian本初子午线

Question 10

Decline of the Roman Empire broke Europe into many isolated communities.
This breakup hindered communication of scientific discoveries and knowledge.
Also known as the Dark Ages because during this time further advancements in the knowledge of geography and science were suppressed in Europe.
Little ocean exploration by Europeans was made, only trade continued.

Answer 10

European Middle Ages欧洲中世纪

Question 11

Probably the most important of their discoveries was the dating about 1000 A.D. and in widespread use about 1125.

Answer 11

magnetic compass磁罗盘

Question 12

The period of 1400-1700 is called the Renaissance. A new interest in long ocean expeditions and travel in the 15th century was motivated by economics, politics and religion.

Answer 12

Renaissance Period文艺复兴

Question 13

in the early 1400s. He went down the west coast

of Africa, but did not find a route around the Cape of Good Hope.

Answer 13

Prince Henry the Navigator航海家亨利王子

Question 14

who completed a voyage around the Cape of Good Hope in 1487, but did not make it all the way to India.

Answer 14

Bartholomeu Dias巴尔托洛梅乌·迪亚士

Question 15

(1469-1524). He led the first expedition around the Cape of Good Hope all the way to India.

Answer 15

Vasco da Gamma瓦斯科·达·迦马

Question 16

Like other explorers of the time, was seeking a route to Asia for trade with Europe.

Answer 16

Christopher Columbus克里斯多弗·哥伦布

Question 17

Between 1454-1512, voyaged to South America.
He explored much of the east coast, the mouth of the Amazon River, and is credited as the first European to recognize that South America was a new continent.The Americas are named in honor of Vespucci.

Answer 17

Amerigo Vespucci阿美利哥韦斯普奇

Question 18

In the early 1500s, led an expedition that crossed the Isthmus of Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean. Balboa was the first European to sail in the Pacific.

Answer 18

Vasco Nuñez de Balboa瓦斯科涅斯德巴波亚

Question 19

In 1519, Portuguese explorer led the first expedition to circumnavigate the world. He had five ships and about 260 men.
Magellan died in the Philippines in a fight with islanders.One ship and 18 men completed the journey in 1522.

Answer 19

Ferdinand Magellan斐迪南·麦哲伦

Question 20

The second successful circumnavigation of the world was made in 1577.He left England for the New World with the purpose of raiding Spanish ships and settlements for treasure.Drake returned to England in 1580 where he was knighted for his exploits as well as for bringing back treasure and spices worth a fortune.

Answer 20

Francis Drake法兰西斯·德瑞克

Question 21

The voyages of receive credit as the first sea expeditions devoted to methodical, scientific oceanography:
His reports changed the western view of the world.
He discovered Australia, New Zealand, many islands in the South Pacific, the Hawaiian Islands, the West Coast of the US and Canada, the Bering Strait and the Antarctic Circle.

Answer 21

Captain James Cook詹姆斯·库克

Question 22

A major contribution to Cook’s voyages was the invention
In 1735, John Harrison invented a clock
that runs accurately at sea. This made it
possible to determine longitude accurately.

Answer 22

chronometer航海经线仪

Question 23

• it was one of the first significant scientific expeditions launched by the US:

  
  • The objective was to explore the southern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, to collect specimens, and to map, illustrate and provide text to document their discoveries.

Answer 23

Lt. Charles Wilkes查尔斯·威尔克斯中尉