Words from anywhere Flashcards
(153 cards)
1
Q
blend in with
A
=if something blends in, it matches or is similar to everything that is around or near it
● The carpet doesn’t blend in with the rest of the room.
● The thieves soon blended in with the crowd and got away.
2
Q
take measures
A
=do something in order to deal with a problem
● many businesses take measures to prevent shoplifting
3
Q
take measurements
A
=take somebody’s measurements
measure someone in order to make or get clothes for them
● The tailor carefully took measurements of the customer’s body to create a custom-fitted suit.
● To design the new furniture, the interior designer took measurements of the room to determine the available space.
4
Q
vandalism .n
A
=the crime of deliberately damaging things, especially public property
vandal .n= someone who deliberately damages things, especially public property
5
Q
trespassing
A
= the offence of going onto someone’s land without their permission
6
Q
carjacking
A
=the crime of stealing a car while someone is in it by using physical force or threats
+hijacking
7
Q
burglary
A
=the crime of getting into a building to steal things:
● He was charged with burglary.
● Most burglaries happen at night.
burglar
8
Q
arson .noun [uncountable]
A
the crime of deliberately making something burn, especially a building
● The school was destroyed in an arson attack.
9
Q
genocide .noun [uncountable]
A
= the deliberate murder of a whole group or race of people
10
Q
mugging
A
=the crime of attacking somebody violently, or threatening to do so, in order to steal their money, especially in a public place
● Mugging is on the increase.
● There have been several muggings here recently.
● Murders, kidnaps and muggings are reported daily in the newspapers.
11
Q
pick-pocketing
A
= stealing from someone’s bag or pocket
pick-pocket:someone who steals things from people’s pockets, especially in a crowd
12
Q
smuggling .noun [uncountable]
A
the crime of taking something illegally from one country to another:
● He was arrested in connection with drug smuggling.
13
Q
identity fraud
A
= pretending to be someone else
14
Q
ransomware
A
= software that blocks your computer until you pay money
15
Q
a white collar worker
A
کارمندان یقه سفید (منظور کارمندانی است که کار فیزیکی انجام نمیدهند)
someone who works in an office, a bank etc
white collar crime
=crimes involving white collar workers, for example embezzlement = when someone secretly steals money from the organization they work for
16
Q
embezzlement
A
when someone secretly steals money from the organization they work for
[verb] embezzle
[noun] embezzlement , embezzler
17
Q
deter .v
A
=to stop someone from doing something, by making them realize it will be difficult or have bad results
deterrent
● Effective law enforcement can deter crime by making potential offenders aware of the consequences.
18
Q
recidivism .n
A
the act or habit of continuing to commit crimes, and seeming unable to stop, even after being punished
● high rates of recidivism
● The criminal justice system can provide rehabilitation for offenders, reducing recidivism.
recidivist. noun [countable]:
a criminal who starts doing illegal things again, even after he or she has been punished
19
Q
victimhood .n[uncountable]
A
the state of being a victim
● The attacks left them with a deep sense of victimhood.
● She had therapy to help her overcome her sense of victimhood.
20
Q
slip up .v
A
to make a mistake
● The company apologized for slipping up so badly.
● These figures don’t make sense - have we slipped up somewhere?
slip-up noun [countable]
● a careless mistake:
We cannot afford another slip-up.
21
Q
released on bail
A
released from prison before their trial happens by payment of a sum of money
● The defendant was released on bail after posting the required amount.
22
Q
To put someone on probation
A
= to release from prison early (to try and lead a normal life)
● The judge put the young offender on probation.
● The court ordered her to be put on probation.
● He was put on probation for two years.
23
Q
directory
A
a book or list of names, facts etc, usually arranged in alphabetical order:
● I couldn’t find your number in the telephone directory.
directory enquiries British = 118 =directory assistance American
24
Q
inquire .v
A
to ask someone for information:
inquiry n.
inquirer= a person who asks for information
25
secretary .n[plural secretaries]
منشی
=a clerk
● My secretary will fax you all the details.
● Please contact my secretary to make an appointment.
26
tenant .n
someone who lives in a house, room etc and pays rent to the person who owns it ⇒ landlord
● The decorating was done by a previous tenant.
● tenant farmers (= ones who do not own their own farms)
27
embarkation .n
the act of getting onto a ship or plane
!= disembarkation
● Embarkation will be at 14:20 hours.
● As the embarkation time approached,
28
turn up
1. turn something ↔ up to turn a switch on a machine such as an oven, radio etc so that it produces more heat, sound etc Antonym : turn down:
● Turn the oven up to 220.
● Turn up the radio!
2. یهو ظاهر شدن
● Eventually my watch turned up in a coat pocket.
● Don't worry about it - something will turn up, you'll see
● This job turned up just when I needed it.
● Steve turned up late, as usual.
29
take up
1=to become interested in a new activity and to spend time doing it:
● Roger took painting up for a while, but soon lost interest.
2= to start a new job or have a new responsibility:
● Peter will take up the management of the finance department.
take up a post/a position/duties etc
● The headteacher takes her duties up in August.
30
exacerbate .v
= to make something worse, especially a disease or problem Synonym : aggravate
● His aggressive reaction only exacerbated the situation.
● The symptoms may be exacerbated by certain drugs.
● exacerbating environmental challenges in already vulnerable ecosystems.
31
surge .n, .v
1= to suddenly move very quickly in a particular direction
surge forward/through etc
● The taxi surged forward.
● The crowd surged through the gates.
2= if a feeling surges or surges up, you begin to feel it very strongly:
● She could feel anger surging inside her.
3= a sudden large increase in a feeling:
● a surge of excitement
4=a sudden increase in amount or number
● a surge in food costs
● a surge of refugees into the country
32
belittle .v
= to make someone or something seem small or unimportant:
● She felt her husband constantly belittled her achievements.
● By saying this, I do not mean to belittle the importance of his role.
● He tends to belittle her efforts.
● Stop belittling yourself - your work is highly valued.
33
unsolicited .adj
=not asked for and often not wanted: unrequested
● unsolicited calls
● unsolicited advice
34
confide .v
1. to tell someone you trust about personal things that you do not want other people to know
confide to somebody that
● He confided to his friends that he didn’t have much hope for his marriage.
● He likes some one to confide in.
● Una confided all her secrets to her.
confide in somebody
● He confided in me the secret of his technique.
● I’ve never felt able to confide in my sister.
35
agitated .adj
=so nervous or upset that you are unable to keep still or think calmly:
● He sounded very agitated on the phone.
● explain everything in precise terms without bbecomming impatient and agitated.
36
ambiguity .n
ابهام
● Write clear definitions in order to avoid ambiguity.
● a speech full of ambiguities
● Thus, a trace of ambiguity in the data can lower success rate.
a message which leaves scopes for ambiguity can...
37
proponent n.
=someone who supports something or persuades people to do something
● He has always been a strong proponent of women’s rights.
● Proponents argue the dam will prevent flooding.
● The theory does still have its proponents.
leading/main/major proponent
● He is one of the leading proponents of this view.
38
take for granted
take sth for granted
to believe something to be the truth without even thinking about it:
● I didn't realize that Melanie hadn't been to college - I suppose I just took it for granted.
● Mr. Harper took for granted that the invitation included his wife.
● A teacher cannot take it for granted that students always do their homework.
39
incidence .n
the number of times something happens, especially crime, disease etc ⇒ rate
● an area with a high incidence of crime
Smokers had the highest incidence of colds.
● The lack of vitamins may explain the higher incidence of heart disease.
● There is a greater incidence of cancer in the families of radiation workers.
40
impede .v
to make it difficult for someone or something to move forward or make progress:
● Work on the building was impeded by severe weather.
● Although he's shy, it certainly hasn't impeded his career in any way.
● Rescue attempts were impeded by the storm.
41
inherent .adj
existing as a natural or basic part of something:
● There are dangers/risks inherent in almost every sport.
● an inherent weakness in the design of the machine
● Violence is inherent in our society.
● I’m afraid the problems you mention are inherent in the system.
● Every business has its own inherent risks.
42
prospective .adj
!=perspective
= prospective employee/candidate/buyer etc someone who is likely to do a particular thing or achieve a particular position = potential
● I had a phone call from a prospective client today.
● They are worried about prospective changes in the law.
● The job interview went well, and the prospective employee is eagerly waiting to hear back from the hiring manager.
43
intrigue .v, .n
1=if something intrigues you, it interests you a lot because it seems strange or mysterious:
● He was intrigued by her story.
"Stop me if I'm boring you." "No, please carry on - I'm intrigued!"
2=to make secret plans to harm someone or make them lose their position of power
intrigue against
● Despite the intrigue against her, the queen remained strong and united her people.
● The rival company tried to intrigue against us by spreading false information about our products.
44
wholesome .adj
!= unwholesome
1=good for your health
● fresh, wholesome food
2=morally good; having a good moral influence
● Reading wholesome stories to children can have a positive impact on their character development.
● Engaging in wholesome activities, such as volunteering or helping others, can foster a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction.
45
deplete .v
=to reduce something by a large amount so that there is not enough left
● Food supplies were severely depleted.
● Supplies are depleting fast.
If we continue to deplete the Earth's natural resources, we will cause serious damage to the environment.
● The illness depletes the body of important vitamins.
● Measures have been taken to protect the world's depleted elephant population.
● the depletion of the ozone layer
46
deprive .v
محروم کردن
● He claimed that he had been deprived of his freedom/rights.
● You can't function properly when you're deprived of sleep
● She had a deprived childhood/comes from a deprived background.
● a deprived area
● Sleep deprivation can result in mental disorders.
47
flit .v
=to move lightly and quickly from one place or thing to another گذرا رد شدن
● She seemed to spend her life flitting from one country to another.
● His eyes flitted to his watch.
● Butterflies flitted from flower to flower.
● He flits from one job to another.
● A smile flitted across his face.
● A thought flitted through my mind.
48
vacant .adj
● A seat became vacant and he sat down in it.
● The office of president had been left vacant since her retirement.
● The job will be kept vacant for a few more weeks.
49
interfere .v
interfering .adj
● Emotional problems can seriously interfere with a student's work.
● Britain has no right to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.
● If you try to interfere in my life, I'll leave
● The courts are reluctant to interfere in these matters.
50
recruit .n .v
n(countable)
● It's difficult to attract recruits when working conditions are so poor.
● A common way for companies to find new recruits is
● Army recruits are all trained in first aid.
●some institutions directly recruit their own staff
● Most of the workers will be recruited locally.
● She personally recruited the teachers
● Staff were recruited specially for the event.
● She has been recruited as Sales Manager.
● A hundred patients were recruited for the study.
● Soldiers were recruited from the local villages
● Ten new members were recruited to the committee
51
undertake .v
=1. to accept that you are responsible for a piece of work, and start to do it
undertake a task/a project/research/a study etc
● I undertook the task of writing a comprehensive English dictionary.
2=undertake to do something to promise or agree to do something:
● He undertook to pay the money back in six months.
52
obligation .n
=a moral or legal duty to do something
● America’s obligation to its allies
● Employers have an obligation to treat all employees equally.
● Parents are under a legal obligation to educate their children.
● You are under no obligation to buy any more books.
● a moral obligation to help the poor
● She did not feel under any obligation to tell him the truth.
● I felt that there was a moral obligation on me to tell the story.
● The company did not have enough money to meet its obligations.
53
glamorous .adj
=especially attractive and exciting, and different from ordinary things or people
!= unglamorous
● glamorous movie stars
● a glamorous job
● On television, she looks so glamorous.
● a glamorous lifestyle
54
opportunistic .adj
● Opportunistic infections can occur when the immune system is weakened.
● The opportunistic thief took advantage of the open window to break into the house.
● The opportunistic player scored when the opposing team made a mistake.
● He has an opportunistic mindset and sees potential in every situation.
● She's known for her opportunistic nature, always seeking chances to advance her career.
55
resourceful .adj
[noun] resourcefulness
[adj.] resourceful
[adv.] resourcefully
=good at finding ways of dealing with practical problems:
● A resourceful engineer can create innovative designs using available resources.
56
glossy .adj
smooth and shiny
● glossy hair
● a glossy brochure/magazine (= printed on shiny paper)
57
foyer
n. [countable]
a room or hall at the entrance to a public building Synonym : lobby
hotel/theatre/cinema etc foyer
58
cloakroom n.
countable
a small room where you can leave your coat Synonym : coatroom American English
at the cloakroom
!=clock
59
fragile .adj
1=easily broken or damaged
● fragile bones
2= weak and uncertain; easy to destroy or harm
● a fragile alliance/ceasefire/relationship
● fragile health
60
handout .n[countable]
1=food, money or clothes that are given to a person who is poor
● I don't want to be dependent on handouts.
● state handouts to the poor
● a handout from the government
2=a document given to students or reporters which contains information about a particular subject:
● More information can be found in the handout.
● On page two of your handout you will find a list of the books that I have referred to during the lecture.
61
documentary .n[cou]
a film or a television or radio programme that gives detailed information about a particular subject
documentary on/about
62
interaction
● the interaction of demand and supply.
● the complex interaction between mind and body
● the degree of interaction between teacher and student
● interactive teaching methods
63
typo .n[count]
a small mistake in the way something has been typed or printed
● Could you check this letter for typos?
● Be carefull to avoid typos
64
annotate .v
to add short notes to a book or piece of writing to explain parts of it:
● The text was annotated with her own comments.
65
subsequent .adj
happening or coming after something else
●subsequent pages of the book
●events that happened subsequent to the accident
● subsequent generations
[adv.] subsequently
66
comprehensive .adj
including all the necessary facts, details, or problems that need to be dealt with
● a comprehensive study of alcoholism
● a thorough and comprehensive review of the case
● comprehensive insurance (= covering all risks)
67
erode .v
●The cliffs are being constantly eroded by heavy seas.
● The cliff face has been steadily eroded by the sea
● Her confidence has been slowly eroded by repeated failures.
● We live in a world whose moral base has been eroded.
● the problem of soil erosion
● the erosion of the coastline
● the erosion of her confidence
68
flock .n .v
● a flock of small birds
● a flock of children
● These birds fly in huge flocks.
● Thousands of people flocked to the beach this weekend.
● People flocked to hear him speak.
69
endure .v
● It seemed impossible that anyone could endure such pain.
endure doing something
● He can’t endure being apart from me.
● a love that endures all things and never fails
70
invade .v
The Romans invaded Britain 2000 years ago.
What right does he have to invade my privacy?
71
indication .n
[verb] indicate
What right does he have to invade my privacy?
● He shows every indication (= clear signs) of wanting to accept the post.
● There are clear indications that the economy is improving.
72
penetrate .v
● Sunlight barely penetrated the dirty windows.
● Few U.S. companies have successfully penetrated the Japanese electronics market
● The cold seemed to penetrate his bones.
● The dust had penetrated to all corners of the room.
73
trek .v .n
= a long and difficult journey, made especially on foot as an adventure Synonym : hike:
● a lonely trek through the forest
● I’m afraid it’s a bit of a trek to the station.
74
introductory .adj
● an introductory course in data processing/
● introductory chapter/paragraph
75
practicalities .n
=[plural] the real facts of a situation rather than ideas about how it might be
● the practicalities of everyday life for someone in a wheelchair
● It sounds like a good idea; let's look at the practicalities and work out the costs
practicality= the quality of being suitable, or likely to be successful Synonym : feasibility
● I have doubts about the practicality of their proposal.
76
census .n[countable]
the process of officially counting something, especially a country’s population, and recording various facts
verb + census
carry out
conduct
perform
77
at sb's disposal
=avaialbe to s.o to use
He had a lot of cash at his disposal
78
confidential .adj
● a confidential government report
● Doctors are required to keep patients’ records completely confidential.
● The envelope says it is private and confidential.
79
fold
Fold the paper along the dotted line.
It’ll fit in if you fold it in half.
80
depict .v
=to describe something or someone in writing or speech, or to show them in a painting, picture etc:
● The god is depicted as a bird with a human head.
● The novel depicts French society in the 1930s.
81
controversy .n
[noun] controversialist
[adj.] controversial
[adv.] controversially
● a political controversy
● The judges’ decision provoked controversy.
● sparks controversy among top academics
● a highly controversial topic
82
skeptic .n[countable]
a person who disagrees with particular claims and statements, especially those that are generally thought to be true:
● Sceptics argued that the rise in prices was temporary.
● I’m extremely sceptical about what I read in the press.
highly/deeply sceptical about/of
83
compelling .adj
1=convincing
● Lucy had no compelling reason to go into town.
● The new studies provide compelling evidence in support of these concepts.
2=very interesting or exciting, so that you have to pay attention:
● a compelling story.
3=compelling need/desire/urge (to do something) a strong need, desire etc to do something, making you feel that you must do it:
● He felt a compelling need to tell someone about his idea
84
on the brink of
● In October 1962 the world seemed on the brink of nuclear war.
● The company had huge debts and was on the brink of collapse
on the brink of death/disaster
● Scientists are on the brink of making a major new discovery.
85
concur .v
1= to agree with someone or have the same opinion as them
concur with
● The committee largely concurred with these views.
● Scientists generally concur that climate change is a reality.
● I strongly concur with that idea.
86
faint .adj
1=difficult to see, hear, smell etc:
● She gave a faint smile.
● a very faint noise
● the faint light of dawn
a faint hope/possibility/chance etc a very small or slight hope etc:
● a faint hope that they might be alive
87
pioneer [countable]
1. someone who is important in the early development of something, and whose work or ideas are later developed by other people
pioneer of
●John Whitney was a pioneer of computer animation.
●He was a pioneer in the field of biotechnology.
88
rule something/somebody out
=exclude-
● Police have not ruled out the possibility that the man was murdered.
● The proposed solution was ruled out as too expensive.
● This theory cannot be ruled out altogether.
● His age effectively ruled him out as a possible candidate.
● This recent wave of terrorism has ruled out any chance of peace talks.
89
variant [countable]
variant (of/on something) a thing that is a slightly different form or type of something else
● This game is a variant of baseball.
● a variant of the original experiment
● variant forms of spelling
90
point out
=mention
● He was always very keen to point out my mistakes.
● Some economists have pointed out that low inflation is not necessarily a good thing.
91
plausible .adj
!=implausible
=reasonable and likely to be true
● Her story sounded perfectly plausible.
● The only plausible explanation is that he forgot.
● a perfectly plausible theory
● If you're going to make an excuse, at least make it plausible!
92
esoteric
=very unusual; understood or liked by only a small number of people, especially those with special knowledge:
● She has a rather esoteric taste in clothes.
● esoteric ideas
93
oversee .v
to be in charge of a group of workers and check that a piece of work is done satisfactorily Synonym : supervise:
● A team leader was appointed to oversee the project.
● They oversaw the elections.
● He personally oversaw the design of all the rooms.
94
rudimentary .adj
1=a rudimentary knowledge or understanding of a subject is very simple and basic
● Gradually, I acquired a rudimentary knowledge of music.
2= rudimentary equipment, methods, systems etc are very basic and not advanced:
● subsistence farming in its most rudimentary form
● The classroom equipment is pretty rudimentary.
95
metropolitan .adj
connected with a large or capital city
● the New York metropolitan area
● metropolitan districts/regions
96
fortuitous .adj
=accidental=coincidental
happening by chance, especially in a way that has a good result:
● a fortuitous meeting
● His success depended on a fortuitous combination of circumstances.
Topics
97
to put/bring sth into effect/action
=to cause it to happen in practice
●The company decided to put the new policy into effect starting next month.
●The government will bring the new law into action next year.
●We need to put this plan into effect immediately to meet our deadline.
●The firefighters quickly brought their training into action during the rescue operation
98
be bound to
to be very likely to do sth.
● This new policy is bound to cause some confusion at first.
● With his experience, he is bound to get the job.
● With the weather forecast, it is bound to rain this afternoon.
99
be bound by
محدود شدن
● They are bound by the rules of the competition.
● As a citizen, you are bound by the laws of your country.
100
impose
● Parents sometimes need to impose limits on their children's screen time.
● The manager had to impose penalties for repeated lateness.
The court will impose a fine for breaking the law.
● They decided to impose restrictions on water usage due to the drought.
● The company plans to impose new regulations starting next month.
● She didn't want to impose her views on others.
101
meteorological .adj
[noun] meteorology[UNC] , meteorologist
[adj.] meteorological
[adv.] meteorologically
connected with the earth's atmosphere and its changes, especially in the way they affect the weather
● meteorological conditions/data
102
explicit .adj
● explicit knowledge of grammar
● Be explicit when you talk about money with your family.
● He made the rules without being explicit about them
● He gave me very explicit directions on how to get there.
● You need explicit permission[unc] from the manager to access that file.
● get explicit medical clearance from the doctor.
103
municipal .adj
connected with or belonging to a town, city or district that has its own local government
● municipal elections/councils
● municipal workers
104
encompass .v
● The study encompasses the social, political, and economic aspects of the situation.
● The houses encompassed about 100 square metres
● The job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities.
● The group encompasses all ages.
105
aviation .n[unc]
the designing, building and flying of aircraft
● civil/military aviation
● the aviation business/industry
106
conform .v
=1. to behave in the way that most other people in your group or society behave
=2. to obey a law, rule etc
● There is considerable pressure on teenagers to conform.
● He refused to conform to the local customs.
● The building does not conform with safety regulations.
107
flout .v
=to deliberately disobey a law, rule etc, without trying to hide what you are doing:
deliberately/openly flout something
● The union had openly flouted the law.
● Many motorcyclists flout the law by not wearing helmets.
108
defy .v
1. to refuse to obey a law or rule, or refuse to do what someone in authority tells you to do ⇒ defiance:
people who openly defy the law
● I wouldn't have dared to defy my teachers.
● A few workers have defied the majority decision and gone into work despite the strike.
109
be devoid of something
عاری تهی خالی از
● His face was devoid of any warmth or humour.
● The letter was devoid of warmth and feeling.
● The land is almost devoid of vegetation.
110
compost .n[unc], .v
کود
111
stereotype .n[Cou]
a fixed idea or image that many people have of a particular type of person or thing, but which is often not true in reality
● cultural/gender/racial stereotypes
112
robust .adj
1. a robust person is strong and healthy:
2. a robust system, organization etc is strong and not likely to have problems:
3. a robust object is strong and not likely to break
4. robust food or flavours have a good strong taste:
● a robust cheese
● a robust economy
● stated in a robust voice.
● robust evidence
113
outline .n, .v
● The briefing document outlined her family history and background.
● The cause of the crash is clearly outlined in the report.
● We outlined our proposals to the committee.
● Let me outline what I have in mind.
● For the reasons outlined above, unemployment is likely to remain high.
● Let me briefly outline what we are trying to achieve.
● This is a brief outline of the events.
● The book describes in outline the main findings of the research.
114
consensus .n
=an opinion that everyone in a group agrees with or accepts Synonym : agreement
consensus on/about
● a lack of consensus about the aims of the project
● There is a consensus among teachers that children should have a broad understanding of the world.
● failed to reach a consensus
● The general consensus was that technology was a good thing.
115
envious .adj
jealous
● Colleagues were envious of her success.
● envious looks
116
clamor .v .n
clamour [BR]
=to demand something loudly
The audience cheered, clamoring for more
the growing public clamour for
clamoring for special treatment
117
rivalry .n
=a situation in which two or more people, teams, or companies are competing for something, especially over a long period of time, and the feeling of competition between them
● There has always been intense rivalry between New Zealand and Australia.
● The two players have developed a friendly rivalry.
● sibling rivalry
118
stand up for somebody/something
to support or defend a person or idea when they are being attacked:
● It’s time we stood up for our rights.
● Silvia is capable of standing up for herself.
● Always stand up for your friends.
● You must stand up for your rights.
119
put up with somebody/something
● She put up with his violent temper.
● They had to tolerate many hardships.
● I don't know how she puts up with him.
● I'm not going to put up with their smoking any longer.
120
amicably .adv
[noun] amicability , amicableness
[adj.] amicable
[adv.] amicably
in a polite and friendly way
● an amicable relationship
● It was an amicable divorce.
● I hope we can settle this amicably.
121
disinfectant .n
=a chemical or a cleaning product that destroys bacteria ⇒ antiseptic
● a strong smell of disinfectant
● it is used as a disinfectant.
122
prematurely .adv
before the normal or expected time
● Her hair became prematurely white.
● The child was born prematurely.
● Tomatoes won't ripen if they're harvested prematurely.
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mixture .n
● The town is a mixture of the old and the new.
● She felt a strange mixture of excitement and fear.
● a mixture of emotions
● Pour the mixture into four small dishes.=a liquid or other substance made by mixing several substances together, especially in cooking
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warehouse .n[cou]
=a large building for storing large quantities of goods
● Police are investigating a fire at a furniture warehouse.
● He's a warehouse manager for an import company.
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catch on
catch- caught- caught
1=to become popular and fashionable:
The idea of glasses being a fashion item has been slow to catch on
I wonder if the game will ever catch on with young people?
Recently ballroom dancing has begun to catch on with many people.
2= to begin to understand or realize something
● I was finally able to catch on and understand the math problem.
● Don't play any tricks on Joe. When he catches on, he will beat you.
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warden .n[cou]
=a person who is responsible for a particular place and whose job is to make sure its rules are obeyed
● the warden of the college
● a forest warden
● volunteer wardens
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block off
to completely close something such as a road or an opening:
● Police blocked off the city centre streets.
● The fireplace had been blocked off.
● The main roads of the city have been blocked off.
● block off our road at eaither end.
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motorist .n[cou]
someone who drives a car Synonym : driver
● The accident was reported by a passing motorist.
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controversy .n
[noun] controversialist
[adj.] controversial
[adv.] controversially
=argument
● a political controversy
● The judges’ decision provoked controversy.
● Controversy arose (=began) over the use of the chemicals on crops.
● a highly controversial topic
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patronize .v
to speak to or behave towards someone as if they are stupid or unimportant:
● Stop patronising me - I understand the play as well as you do.
● Just because you're older than me, it doesn't give you the right to patronize me.
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laundry .n
1=[uncountable] clothes, sheets etc that need to be washed or have just been washed:
She did the laundry (=washed the clothes etc) and hung it out to dry.
2= [countable] a place or business where clothes etc are washed and ironed
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rinse .v
=to remove soap, dirt etc from something by washing it quickly with water
rinse something off/out/away etc
● Leave the shampoo for two minutes, then rinse it off with warm water.
● I rinsed the mud out under the tap.
● The cream rinses off easily.
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excavation
=the activity of digging in the ground to look for old buildings or objects that have been buried for a long time
● Further archaeological excavations are now being carried out.
● More discoveries were made as the excavation proceeded.
● The excavations took place between 1925 and 1939.
● recent excavations of underground burial chambers
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clay .n
خاااااک رس
cylinders made of clay
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anoint .v
=to put oil or water on someone’s head or body, usually as part of a religious ceremony:
He was anointed with oil.
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cleanse .v
to clean your skin or a wound
● a cleansing cream
● The wound was then cleansed and dressed.
● a lotion to cleanse the face/skin
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aqueduct .n[cou]
=a structure like a bridge, that carries water across a river or valley
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scraper .n[cou]
a tool used to remove something from a surface by rubbing:
a paint scraper
scrape .v
1=to remove something from a surface using the edge of a knife, a stick etc:
● She scraped the mud off her boots.
2=to rub against a rough surface in a way that causes slight damage or injury, or to make something do this
scrape something against/on something
● I scraped my knee painfully on the concrete.
● I heard the side of the car scrape against the wall.
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filth .n[unc]
[uncountable] very offensive language, stories, or pictures about sex:
● I don’t know how you can watch that filth!
2. [uncountable] dirt, especially a lot of it:
● a mound of filth and rubbish
people living in filth
● Passing cars covered his shoes with filth.
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unsanitary .adj
=dirty and likely to cause disease Synonym : insanitary
unsanitary living conditions
unsanitary toilets
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outbreak .n[cou]
the sudden start of something unpleasant, especially violence or a disease
● the outbreak of war
● the outbreak of World War II
● Unsanitary living conditions were major factors in the outbreaks of disease
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a letdown
informal/ an event, performance etc that is not as good as you expected it to be
● The end of the book was a real letdown
● After all I'd heard about the film, it turned out to be a bit of a letdown.
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amend .v
=to correct or make small changes to something that is written or spoken:
● The law was amended to include women.
● an amended version
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daunting .adj
=making somebody feel nervous and less confident about doing something; likely to make somebody feel this way
● Starting a new job can be a daunting prospect.
● a daunting task
● The trip seemed rather daunting for a young girl.
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endeavor .n, .v
=try very hard=strive
● We always endeavor to please our customers.
● an outstanding example of human endeavor
● Despite our best endeavours, we couldn’t start the car.
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obligation
● Employers have an obligation to treat all employees equally
● Parents are under a legal obligation to educate their children.
● You are under no obligation to buy any more books.
● Greater resources are needed to meet these obligations.
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seem .v
It seems to me you don’t have much choice.
It seems like you’re catching a cold, Taylor.
It seemed as if the end of the world had come.
It appears that the man had been murdered.
● You seem happy.
● Do whatever seems best to you.
● This may seem obvious to you.
● It seems clear that there has been a mistake.
● He seems a nice man.
● She seems to be a smart woman
● It seems that they know what they're doing.
● They seem to know what they're doing.
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summit .cou
149
the top of a mountain ⇒ peak
the top of a mountain ⇒ peakMany people have now reached the summit of Mount Everest.
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oblivious .adj
not knowing about or not noticing something that is happening around you Synonym : unaware
● He seemed oblivious to the fact that he had hurt her.
● You eventually become oblivious to the noise.
● The couple seemed oblivious to what was going on around them.
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forge .v
1=to develop something new, especially a strong relationship with other people, groups, or countries Synonym : form
forge a relationship/alliance/link etc (with somebody)
2=to illegally copy something, especially something printed or written, to make people think that it is real
Someone stole my credit card and forged my signature.
a forged passport
● to forge a passport/banknote/document
● He's getting good at forging his mother's signature.
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