Work And Education Flashcards
(365 cards)
1
Q
Maths/math
A
BRE/AME
2
Q
Do an (English) course
A
فعل Do برای course استفاده می شود
3
Q
Take/Do exam
A
امتحان دادن
4
Q
Do homework
A
NOT make homework
NOT do homeworks
5
Q
Take a message
A
پیام گذاشتن
6
Q
Plug in a DVD
A
برق زدن DVD
حرف اضافه in
7
Q
Attend nursery school
A
رفتن به مهدکودک
8
Q
How they are getting on?
A
What progress are they make
9
Q
Making himself understood
A
Saying things in a way people understand.
10
Q
Pick sth up
A
Learn without trying
11
Q
Has a good ear for language
A
Is good at hearing,repeating and understanding
12
Q
Do/write essay
A
نوشتن انشا
13
Q
Architect
A
تلفظ:آرکیتکت
14
Q
Get a place at university
A
قبول شدن در دانشگاه
You have to get good grades in your final school exams to get aplace at many universities.
15
Q
Study/do a degree
A
رشته تحصیلی تحصیلی را خواندن
16
Q
Traffic warden
A
پلیس راهنمایی و رانندگی
17
Q
PE
Physical education
A
ورزش
18
Q
Rub sth out
A
پاک کردن(با پاک کن)
19
Q
Turn up
A
بلند کردن صدا
20
Q
State education
A
آموزش دولتی
21
Q
State school
A
مدرسه دولتی
22
Q
Vocational training
A
مهارت های شغلی
23
Q
Break up
A
پایان ترم
24
Q
Go back to school
A
بازگشت به مدرسه
25
Stay behind
Stay in a place when others left
در صف تنبیه کردن
Example:pupils sometimes had to stay behind and write an essay
26
Smart
منطقی
Example:older pupils can often dress the way they want as long as they’re reasonably smart.
Smart: well dressed and not too casual!
27
Wide vocabulary
دایره لغات گسترده
28
Consonant
صامت
29
Increase vocabulary
افزایش دایره لغات
30
Qualification
| Certificate
Certificate مدرک است و qualification عنوان مهارت
31
Run day-to- day bussiness
انجام فعالیت های کاری روزانه
32
Set up a bussiness
NOT start
33
My income is about 25000
OR
I earn/make about 25000 a year.
حقوق من ۲۵۰۰۰ دلاره
34
Salary
| Wage
حقوق کارمندی و کارگر تخصصی
| حقوق کارگر روزمزد- مزد
35
Nine to five job
ساعت کار نرمال ۹ تا ۵
36
Do/work overtime
اضافه کار
37
Time off
مرخصی
38
Minimum wage
حداقل حقوق
39
Go on/ do training course
گذراندن دوره
40
Gave somebody a good pay rise
افزایش حقوق
41
Quit my job
استعفا
42
Get fed up with job
از کار سیر شدن
43
Company sacked me
| Gave me the sack
اخراج کردن
44
Unemployed
| Out of work
بیکار
45
Show visitors round the factory
چرخاندن بازدیدکنندگان در کارخانه
46
On top of that
از همه بدتر
47
Revise for the exam
دوره کردن برای امتحان
48
Retake an exam
امتحان مجددا دادن
49
Get through the coursebook
پایان رساندن کتاب
50
Do some exam preparation
کسب آمادگی برای امتحان
51
Lecturer
استاد دانشگاه
52
The arts
علوم انسانی
53
Post graduate
فوق لیسانس
54
In charge of
مسئول بودن
55
Complaint
شکایت
56
Promotion
ارتقا(کار)
57
Resignation
استعفا
58
Involve(v.)
سر و کار داشتن-شامل بودن
59
Occasionally
موردی
60
Break down
(Phrasal verb)
1 if a car or machine breaks down, it stops working
-The car broke down just north of Paris.
2 to fail or stop working in a successful way
-Negotiations broke down after only two days
4 break something ↔ down to change or remove something that prevents people from working together and having a successful relationship with each other
6 to be unable to stop yourself crying, especially in public
- She broke down in tears when she heard the news.
کار نکردن
61
Vet
دامپزشک
62
Surgery
عمل جراحی
63
Surgeons
جراحان
64
Sailor
دریانورد
65
Police force
نیروی انتظامی
66
Fire brigade
آتش نشانی
67
Load of work (informal)
Lot of work
68
Repair/fix
When something is damaged or broken, we often use repair or fix
Example: I need someone to fix/repair the computer.
69
Repair/fix/mend
With small pieces of equipment we can also use mend; with clothes we often use mend:
Example: could you fix/repair/mend my watch?
70
GPS
| General practitioners
پزشک عمومی
71
Operate on
عمل کردن (جراحی) روی
72
Work (uncountable)
I have a lot of work to do
NOT
Works
73
Advice(n.)
Vs.
Advise(v.)
```
زمانی که advice به حالت فعل و سوم شخص s بگیرد به s تبدیل می شود
Example 1:
she advises me
Not
She advices me
```
Example 2:
She gives me advice
Not
She gave me advise
74
A great deal
A lot
Example:
A company that has achieved a great deal in a shot period of time.
75
Aim
هدف
76
Growing demand
تقاضای در حال افزایش
77
Take over
تحت کنترل گرفتن
Example:
Their company was token over by JS Morgan.
78
Take up the position
Started in the job
79
Head quarters
دفتر مرکزی
80
Ambition
شور و‌علاقه
81
Customer
Vs.
Client
Shops and organizations have customers
Lawyers,accountants,etc. Have clients
82
Rise by
| Fell from ... to ...
افزایش به
| کاهش از ... به ...
83
Rise/go up /increase slightly
Rise/go up /increase gradually
Rise/go up /increase sharply
Stay the same
افزایش جزئی
افزایش تدریجی( آرام و در بازه طولانی)
افزایش شدید( سریع و با مقدار زیاد)
ثابت ماندن
84
Make a profit/loss
سود کردن/ضرر کردن
85
Inflation
تورم
Example:
With inflation expected to rise, there are growing fears that interest rates could go up by as much as 2% next year.
86
Interest rate
نرخ بهره
Example:
With inflation expected to rise, there are growing fears that interest rates could go up by as much as 2% next year.
87
In a row
پشت سر هم و بدون توقف
Example:
Figures published yesterday show that trade between the two countries has now risen for the fifth year in a row.
Figures: ارقام
88
Recession
رکود اقتصادی
Example:
Value of pound fell slightly against the dollar yesterday, the news that sales rose in the last quarter has raised hopes that we may be coming out of recession.
89
Payback
پرداخت قسط
90
Comprehensive school
دوره راهنمایی UK
91
Grammer school
مدرسه راهنمایی(BRE)
| مدرسه ابتدایی(AME)
92
Gain admission
پذیرش گرفتن
93
Fee-paying school
مدرسه با شهریه
94
Sitting an exam
امتحان دادن
95
Compulsory
اجباری
96
Six-form college
معادل دبیرستان
97
Take/do/sit an exam
امتحان دادن
98
Resit an exam
دوباره امتحان دادن
99
End-of-year exam
امتحان نهایی
100
Do well the exam
خوب کار کردن برای امتحان
| Upper-14B
101
Skip classes
پیچاندن کلاس(informal)
102
LMS:
| Learning management system
سیستم مدیریت یادگیری
103
VLE:
| Virtual learning environment
محیط یادگیری مجازی
104
Distance learning
آموزش از راه دور
105
Blended learning
آموزش ترکیبی(حضوری و از راه دور)
106
Submit work
Send/give their work to the teacher
107
Pass an exam
```
پاس کردن امتحان
Example :
I pass all my exams and gratuated in 2010
NOT
I succeeded at/in my exams.
```
108
Module
تلفظ: ماجول
109
Crèche(BRE)
| Day care center(AME)
مهد کودک
110
Arithmetic
حساب
111
Deliberately
عامدانه
112
School-learning age
سن پایان تحصیل
113
Credit
واحد درسی
Example :
Complete some credits
114
Dissertation
| Thesis
پایان نامه کارشناسی و ارشد
| پایان نامه دکترا Phd
115
Campus
محوطه دانشگاه
116
```
Lecture theatre(formal)
Lecture hall
```
اتاق کنفرانس
117
Seminar
a class at a university or college for a small group of students and a teacher to study or discuss a particular subject
-a Shakespeare seminar
تبادل نظر در گروه های کوچک ؟
118
Tutor
معلم خصوصی
119
Tutorial
جلسات آموزشی
120
Live on campus
زندگی کردن در خوابگاه دانشگاه
121
Halls of residence
| Halls
خوابگاه
122
Admission
پذیرش
123
Entry requirements
مدارک مورد نیاز برای ثبت نام
124
Funding
فاند
125
Tuition fee
شهریه
126
Student union
انجمن دانشجویی
127
Director
تلفظ انگلیسی: دایرکتور
| تلفظ آمریکایی: دیرکتور
128
Executive
مدیر اجرایی
129
Administrator
مدیر، سرپرست
130
Public relations officer
افسر روابط عمومی
131
Union representative
نماینده اتحادیه(کارگری)
132
Supervisor
سرپرست(ناظر)
133
```
Get to work (Not job)depends on where you live
Wish me luck in my new job(Not work)
```
-
134
Get/find work
پیدا کردن کار
135
What d’you do for a living?
| I’m in publishing / banking
کارت چیه؟
| تو انتشارات/بانک کار می کنم
136
Make a living
زندگی راحت و حقوق کافی داشتن
| It’s hard to make a living as a freelance writer.
137
Take on sth
به عهده گرفتن کار
| She’s not prepared to take on that job.
138
To do shift work
| To work shifts
شیفت (دوشیفته، صبح و بعد از ظهر)
139
To be on flexi-time
ساعت کار شناور
140
To work nine-to-five
ساعات کار عادی
141
To go/be on strike
اعتصاب
142
To get the sack (informal)
اخراج شدن
143
To be fired(formal)
اخراج شدن
| More formal than ‘get the sack’ often used in direct speech
144
To be made redundant (BRE)
تعدیل شدن
145
To be laid of (informal)
تعدیل شدن
| More informal than ‘made redundant’
146
To be on /take maternity leave
مرخصی مادری
147
To be on /take paternity leave
مرخصی پدری
148
To be on/take sick leave
مرخصی استعلاجی
149
Civil servant Designer Judge
\ | /
\ | /
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
Scientist-+ + ——-Lecturer
+ Professions +
Banker—-+ +—— Ambassador
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
/ |
/ |
Physiotherapist Economist
قاضی طراح کارمند دولت
\ | /
\ | /
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
Scientist-+ +-University teacher
+ Professions +
Banker—-+ +-[chief diplomat or
+ + + + + + + + + + + + person represen-
/ | ing his/her gover-
/ | nment abroad]
[Person who treats [Expert in financial
muscle injury by matters]
rubbing and moving
injured areas]
Professions: [Jobs that require considerable training and/or qualifications]
150
Fire fighter Designer Carpenter
\ | /
\ | /
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
+ Trades +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
/ |
/ |
Child minder Plumber
[Person skilled
Fire fighter Designer at making
\ | / things
\ | / with wood]
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
+ Trades +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
/ \
/ \
Child minder Plumber
[Person looking after [Person who works with
other’s children in her the supply and connect
own home while parents -ions of water pipes]
are at work]
Trades :[Skilled manual jobs requiring on-the-job and other training]
151
To take early retirement
بازخرید- بازنشستگی زود هنگام
152
To be workaholic
معتاد به کار
153
To be promoted
ارتقا یافتن
154
Put forward
(Phrasal verb)
to suggest a plan, proposal, idea etc for other people to consider or discuss
SYN: propose
-They put forward a number of suggestions.
پیشنهاد دادن
Upper17
155
Custom-build
طراحی خاص
| Upper17
156
Launch
(v.)
| Started, perhaps with a special event to mark the beginning.
157
Roll out
(Phrasal Verb)
1 roll something ↔ out to make food that you are preparing flat and thin by pushing a rolling pin over it
- Roll out the dough on a floured surface
2 roll something ↔ out to make a new product available for people to buy or use
SYN: launch
-The company expects to roll out the new software in September.
ابداع کردن- برای اولین بار ساختن
158
It’s all about sb/sth
used to say who or what is important in a situation
چیزی که مهم است...
- It’s all about personal service and customer care.
- It’s all about money, and who’s got the most
159
Market research
Beforehand
(Uncountable)
مطالعات بازار
Finding out beforehand what people want or need
از قبل- پیشین
160
Order book
لیست سفارشات
161
Going forward
در آینده
162
We sold 200 instruments last year.
>We didn’t know if the instruments would sell
They are launching a new range
>The new range will roll out next year.
In business English, some verbs which usually need an object can often be used without an object or with the real object acting as the subject.
With object:
They are rolling out a new range.
> The new range will roll out next year.
Same as to sentences in front side of flash card.
163
CEO
Chief Executive officer
164
Corporation
A large company or group of companies that is controlled together as a single organization.
165
Do business
حرف اضافه Do
انجام فعالیت اقتصادی
-A lot of firms are keen to do business in Japan.
166
Build contacts
ایجاد ارتباط
167
Make a profit
سود کردن
168
Stiff competition
(Uncountable)
| رقابت سخت
169
Get feedback
(Uncountable)
170
Business
| Countable or uncountable?
اگر معنی فعالیت بدهد غیر قابل شمارش
-we hope to do more business in Asia next year.
اگر معنی شرکت بدهد قابل شمارش
-New businesses are launched on the Internet everyday.
171
Cram
1. to force something into a small space
- Jill crammed her clothes into the bag.
2. to prepare yourself for an examination by learning a lot of information quickly
- She’s been cramming hard all week
- چپاندن،با شتاب یاد گرفتن
Advanced1
172
Do some revision
(Uncountable)
مرور
Advanced1
173
Learnt (off) by heart
از بر کردن
Advanced1
174
Rote-learning
(Formal)
when you learn something by repeating it many times, without thinking about it carefully or without understanding it
Learning purely by repetition
-In old-fashioned schools, much learning was by rote.
-the rote learning of facts
حفظ کردن
Advanced1
175
Mnemonic
something such as a poem or a sentence that you use to help you remember a rule, a name etc
-The incense is a perfect mnemonic for Zanzibar.
تلفظ: نمانیک
کلمه یا نمادی که چیزی را به خاطر می آورد
176
Bury yourself in ...
to give all your attention to something
-After the divorce, she buried herself in her work.
-غرق شدن در (کار، فعالیت،...)
177
Intensively
Intensive
(Adv.)
In a very focused way
مجدانه، شدید
(Adj.)
involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time
-a one-week intensive course in English
-شدید، پر قوت
Advanced1
178
Know the subject inside out
to know something in great detail
-She knows her subject inside out.
Know it completely
کامل دانستن
Advanced1
179
```
1. Composition
———————
2. Essay
———————
3. Assignment
———————
4. Project
———————
5. Portfolio
———————
6. Dissertation
———————
7. Thesis
```
۱.نوشته-انشای کوتاه ۵۰ تا ۱۰۰ کلمه
2. Longer than composition,more serious, hundreds or thousands words
۳.بلندتر از essay،بخشی از یک درس شامل هزاران کلمه
۴.مانند assignment با تاکید بیشتر روی نوشته ها و موضوعات دانشجو
۵.مجموعه ای از کارهای جدا مثلا شامل نقشه ها و نوشته ها و ...
۶.نوشته بلند، بر اساس تحقیق شامل ۱۰ تا ۱۵ هزار کلمه برای گرفتن درجه یا دیپلم -پایان نامه
۷.یک نوشته خیلی بلند، اصیل،بر اساس تحقیقات بین ۸۰ تا ۱۰۰هزار کلمه برای درجات بالاتر PHD
180
Mind map
Diagram that lays out ideas for a topic and how they are connected together.
181
First draft
First, rough version
182
Write Sth up
(Phrasal verb)
to write a report, article etc using notes that you made earlier
- I have to write up my report before the meeting.
- نوشتن، پاک نویس کردن
183
Plagiarism
(Uncountable)
when someone uses another person’s words, ideas, or work and pretends they are their own
-The journal accused the professor of plagiarism.
-دزدی معنوی
184
Offence
(Bre)= offense
an illegal action or a crime
-His solicitor said he committed the offence because he was heavily in debt.
-جرم
185
Plagiarism form
فرم ادعای مالکیت معنوی
186
Hand Sth in
(Phrasal verb)
to give something to someone in authority
- Tom has handed in his resignation.
- Did you hand your homework in on time?
- تحویل دادن،تقدیم کردن
187
Acknowledge
to publicly announce that you are grateful for the help that someone has given you
-We wish to acknowledge the support of the university.
Give details of
188
Aspect
one part of a situation, idea, plan etc that has many parts
جنبه
Dealing with people is the most important aspect of my work.
Alcoholism affects all aspects of family life.
189
Carry out research
Less formal is do research
190
Inter-library loan
System where libraries exchange books/journals with one another.
191
Open educational resources
Online materials
192
Drop out
phrasal verb
1. to no longer do an activity or belong to a group
- The group gets smaller as members move away or drop out.
2. to leave a school or university before your course has finished
- Bill dropped out of college after his first year.
ترک کردن، ترک تحصیل کردن
193
Well-qualified
1. having suitable knowledge, experience, or skills, especially for a particular job
- Dawn is well qualified for her new role.
194
Debate
discussion of a particular subject that often continues for a long time and in which people express different opinions
- the gun-control debate in the US
- The new drug has become the subject of heated debate within the medical profession.
195
ultimately
finally, after everything else has been done or considered
- در نهایت
- Ultimately, the decision rests with the child's parents.
196
equality of opportunity
Formal
فرصت برابر
-All education systems may ultimately be judged in terms of equality of opportunity
197
in terms of something
if you explain or describe something in terms of a particular fact or event, you are explaining or describing it only in relation to that fact or event
- از لحاظ
- Femininity is still defined in terms of beauty.
- It’s a mistake to think of Florida only in terms of its tourist attractions.
198
refer to somebody/something
phrasal verb
1 to mention or speak about someone or something
- We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
- Although she didn’t mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.
199
Selective schooling
آموزش انتخابی( با آزمون ورودی)
| -This is often referred to in the debates over selective versus comprehensive schooling
200
Comprehensive schooling
آموزش رایگان
| -This is often referred to in the debates over selective versus comprehensive schooling
201
elitism
نخبه گرایی
When you favour a small, privileged group
Elitism is the belief or notion that individuals who form an elite—a select group of people perceived as having an intrinsic quality, high intellect, wealth, special skills, or experience—are more likely to be constructive to society as a whole, and therefore deserve influence or authority greater than that of others.
202
inherent (in)
(Formal)
a quality that is inherent in something is a natural part of it and cannot be separated from it
-ذاتی
-I’m afraid the problems you mention are inherent in the system.
-Every business has its own inherent risks.
203
Privileged
having advantages because of your wealth, social position etc
- ممتاز
- Students from a privileged background have an advantage at university.
- Only the privileged few can afford private education.
204
League table
(Bre)
a list in which people, teams, or organizations are shown in order of their success or quality
-The government’s school league tables are published today.
205
Unintentionally
سهوا
206
Perpetuate
to make a situation, attitude etc, especially a bad one, continue to exist for a long time
- ماندگار کردن(بار منفی)
- an education system that perpetuates the divisions in our society
207
Inevitably
used for saying that something is certain to happen and cannot be avoided
- به ناچار
- The decision will inevitably lead to political tensions.
208
Raising of standards
ارتقا استانداردها
209
Tier
| two-tiered
one of several levels or layers that rise up one above the other
-رده، ردیف
two-tiered= having two, three etc levels or layers
-a three-tiered wedding cake
210
Perceives
(Formal)
1. formal to notice, see, or recognize something
-That morning, he perceived a change in Franca’s mood
-دیدن،متوجه شدن،ملاحظه کردن
(Written)
2. to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way
-Even as a young woman she had been perceived as a future chief executive
-دریافتن، درک کردن،فهمیدن
211
(Adj.)
| Better-off
```
(Adj.)
≠ worse off
1. having more money than someone else or than you had before
-She’ll be about £50 a week better off
-ثروتمندتر،بهتر
2. happier, improved, more successful etc
-I think she’s better off without him
-بهتر
```
212
Well-endowed
Endowments
موسساتی که کمک های خوبی دریافت می کنند.
Endowment :
1. a sum of money given to a college, hospital etc to provide it with an income, or the act of giving this money
- وقف
2. a natural quality or ability that someone has
- موهبت
213
Depress
1. to make someone feel very unhappy
- The thought of taking the exam again depressed him.
2. to prevent an economy from being as active and successful as it usually is
- راکد کردن
- Several factors combined to depress the American economy
3. (formal) to press something down, especially a part of a machine
[Register
In everyday English, people usually say they push (down) or press (down) a button rather than depress it]
-Depress the clutch fully.
4. (formal) to reduce the value of prices or wages
- High interest rates may depress share prices
214
Well-off
(Adj.)
having a lot of money, or enough money to have a good standard of living
-ثروتمند، برخوردار
215
Bursary
an amount of money given to someone so that they can study at a university or college
216
Tertiary education
(Formal)
| education at a college, university etc
217
The three Rs
reading, writing, and arithmetic, considered as the basic things that children must learn in school
218
Literacy
the state of being able to read and write
| -سواد خواندن و نوشتن
219
Numeracy
the ability to do calculations and understand simple mathematics
-حساب ساده
220
Curriculum
the subjects that are taught by a school, college etc, or the things that are studied in a particular subject
SYN: Syllabus
-سیلابس، مفاد درسی
221
Syllabus
a plan that states exactly what students at a school or college should learn in a particular subject
SYN: Curriculum
222
Mature students
آموزش بزرگسالان
223
Special needs education
آموزش دانش آموزان خاص
224
Bullying
قلدری
| -an attempt to tackle the problem of bullying in schools
225
Headteacher
مدیر (Bre)
226
Guideline
instructions on how people should do or deal with something
227
Distraction
something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing
- study in the library as there are too many distractions at home.
- Demands for equality were seen as a distraction from more serious issues.
- حواس پرتی
228
Passion for
1. a very strong feeling of sexual love
- her passion for a married man
2. a very strong liking for something
- his passion for football
229
Genuine
1 a genuine feeling, desire etc is one that you really feel, not one you pretend to feel
-The reforms are motivated by a genuine concern for the disabled.
230
Fast-paced working environment
محیط کاری پر سرعت
231
Opening
فرصت شغلی
| Available job
232
Inquiry
a question you ask in order to get information
-We’re getting a lot of inquiries about our new London–Rio service.
استعلام
233
No previous experience is necessary as full training will be given.
تجربه مشابه قبلی نیاز نیست چون همه آموزش های مورد نیاز داده خواهد شد.
234
Post
(Formal)
a job, especially an important one in a large organization
-applied for the post and was asked to attend an interview.
235
Career prospects
چشم انداز شغلی
236
Leadership qualities
The ability to lead group
| توانمندی هدایت گروه
237
Competitive salary
حقوق رقابتی( نسبت به مشاغل مشابه)
238
Benefits package
All extra benefits that a company offers
| مزایا
239
Pension
an amount of money paid regularly by the government or company to someone who does not work anymore, for example because they have reached the age when people stop working or because they are ill
-At what age can you start drawing your pension?
مستمری
240
Healthcare plan
بیمه سلامت
241
Subsidised meals
Partly paid for by the company
| یارانه ای
242
Stand out
Phrasal verb
1 ) to be very easy to see or notice
-She always stood out in a crowd.
2 ) to be much better than other similar people or things
- بهتر بودن از دیگران
- That day still stands out as the greatest day in my life.
- Three of the cars we tested stood out among the rest.
243
In support of
approval and encouragement for a person or group of people, or their ideas, plans etc
- در حمایت
244
Hands-on
doing something yourself rather than just talking about it or telling other people to do it
- chance to get some hands-on experience of the job
- He has a very hands-on approach to management.
- عملی، مستقیم
245
Customer-facing
dealing directly with customers
- customer-facing staff
- customer-facing roles
246
Team player
A person who is good at working with others
247
Managerial experience
Experience of managing other people
248
Yours faithfully
Use when you do not know The name of the person you are writing to
249
Relevant to
directly relating to the subject or problem being discussed or considered
- Relevant documents were presented in court.
- We received all the relevant information.
- What experience do you have that is relevant to this position?
- مرتبط با
250
Suitability for
the degree to which something or someone has the right qualities for a particular purpose
-There’s no doubt about Christine’s suitability for the job.
251
Carry out
to do something that needs to be organized and planned
-We need to carry out more research.
[Register
In written English, people often use conduct when writing about research, experiments etc, because this sounds more formal than carry out:
They conducted experiments to test this theory.]
-انجام دادن
252
Recruit
to find new people to work in a company, join an organization, do a job etc
-We’re having difficulty recruiting enough qualified staff.
-استخدام کردن
253
Criterion
| Criteria (plural)
a standard that you use to judge something or make a decision about something
- the criteria we use to select candidates
- Academic ability is not the sole criterion for admission to the college.
- ملاک
254
Shortlisted
Selected from a larger group
255
Trial run
an occasion when you test a new method or system to see if it works well
OR a practice of something new
-This year is something of a trial run for the new service.
- تمرینی
256
Boost your confidence
Improve or increase
257
Panel
-هیئت
a group of people with skills or specialist knowledge who have been chosen to give advice or opinions on a particular subject
- A panel of experts has looked at the proposal.
- There will be at least three senior doctors on the panel.
258
Line manager
a manager in a company who is responsible for the main activities of production, sales etc
259
Speak up
Speak more loudly and clearly
260
Firm handshake
دست محکم
261
talk somebody through something
Phrasal verb
to help someone understand a process, method etc by explaining it to them carefully before they use it
- Trevor talked me through loading the software.
- can you talk us through your CV?
262
Trainee
someone who is being trained for a job
| -The trainees start next week.
263
First impression
تاثیر اولیه
264
Professional development
Training given to employees to increase their knowledge or skills
- آموزش ضمن خدمت
- I’d like to ask about opportunities for professional development.
265
In-house
- within the company
266
New recruits
people who have just joined
| جدید الاستخدام
267
Take on
To agree to do some work or be responsible for something
- Don’t take on too much work- the extra cash isn’t worth it.
- به عهده گرفتن
268
Fill the post
Find someone to the job
269
Fairly
نسبتا
more than a little, but much less than very
- The house had a fairly large garden.
- we’re looking to fill the post fairly quickly.
270
Notice period
Time you need to work in your job after you have officially told the company you are leaving.
271
Delighted
Very pleased and happy
| -We are delighted to offer you the position of trainee programmer.
272
An ideal fit for
Very suitable for
| -we believe your qualifications and experience will be an ideal fit for the job.
273
Outlining
(V.)
to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details
- The new president outlined plans to deal with crime, drugs, and education.
- please review the attached document outlining your salary and benefits.
- طرحی کلی را نشان دادن
274
Paid leave
Time off you are paid for,such as holiday or parental leave
275
Reporting structure
Company structure and who you report to
276
Opposite number
Someone who has the same job in another similar organization
- a meeting with her opposite number at the department of health.
- همتا
277
Working relationship
Way of communicating and working together
278
Collaboration
Working together to achieve shared goals
when you work together with another person or group to achieve something, especially in science or art
-The company is building the centre in collaboration with the Institute of Offshore Engineering.
279
Counterpart
More formal equivalent of opposite number
someone or something that has the same job or purpose as someone or something else in a different place
-همتا
-Belgian officials are discussing this with their French counterparts.
-having a counterpart like philip in another branch is a great support.
280
Getting to grips
to begin to understand or deal with
281
demanding
difficult
282
rapport
relationship,cmmunication
| -she quickly established a good rapport with everyone.
283
take the initiative
ابتکار به خرج دادن
make decisions without being told what to do
- She likes us to take the initiative
- why don’t you take the initiative and ask him out?
284
Hierarchical
/ˌhaɪəˈrɑːkɪkəl/
بر اساس سلسله مراتب
has a structure with important and less important people
-The company is very hierarchical
285
pecking order
system where some people have the right to get benefits/promotions before others
سلسله مراتب
-nobody wants to be at the bottom of the pecking order
286
Job-share
an agreement where two people each share the same job
| -I do a job-share with a woman called Rose, which suits us as we each have childcare responsibilities.
287
hot-desking
A policy of sharing desks in an office, so people sit at whichever desk is free on a particular day
-My office uses a hot-desking system, so I sit in a different place every day
288
workmates
colleagues you are friendly with (especially in non-professional occupations); informal
- I socialise with my workmates outside of work, but we try not to talk shop on those occasions.
289
talk shop
talk about work; informal
290
mundane
کسل کننده
ordinary, not interesting
-I do fairly mundane tasks
- The mundane task of setting the table can be fun on holidays.
291
Occasionally
گاه و بیگاه
292
meet a deadline
have something finished by a fixed day or time
- Everyone’s working extremely hard to meet the deadline
- Occasionally I have to meet a deadline or they need someone to volunteer for something
293
volunteer
offer to do something without being asked or told to do it
294
rewarding
making you feel satisfied that you have done something important or useful, or done something well
رضایتبخش
295
stimulating
encouraging new ideas or new thinking
جذاب، هیجان انگیز
-Occasionally I have to meet a deadline or they need someone to volunteer for something. Then the job is more rewarding and stimulating
-a stimulating discussion of world politics
296
workload
amount of work I have to do
297
repetitive
the same thing is repeated every day
| - The job’s mechanical and repetitive
298
knock off
Phrasal verb
finishing work; informal
- All I ever think about is knocking off at three o’clock
299
monotonous
خسته کننده، یکنواخت
boring because it never changes
- a little boy who wet his bed with monotonous regularity
Opp. —> challenging
300
glamorous
very exciting, which everyone admires
مسحور کننده، جذاب،هیجان انگیز
Attractive, exciting, and related to wealth and success
- she led an exciting and glamorous life
301
anti-social
do not enable one to have a normal social life
| - I have a pretty glamorous job. I’m a pilot. But the hours are irregular and anti-social
302
stuck behind a desk
sitting at a desk all day; informal
303
long-haul flights
پروازهای طولانی
304
mind-numbing
extremely boring
| -I’m not stuck behind a desk, but long-haul flights can be a bit mind-numbing
305
tight schedules
very strict or severely limited timetables
| -We work to very tight schedules
306
stuck in a rut
stuck/trapped in a job they can’t escape from
گیر افتادن
- I feel sorry for people who are stuck in a rut
307
dead-end job
Job with no prospects of promotion
| کار بی ثمر
308
technician
person whose job involves practical work with scientific or electrical equipment
309
went in with
| Go in with somebody
formed a business partnership with
To join with someone else to start a business or organization
- worked for a software company, and later I went in with a friend and we formed our own software company
- ellie’s going in with a friend who’s just started a café
310
job satisfaction
a feeling that your job is worth doing and fulfils you
311
run-of-the-mill job
ordinary, not special or exciting job
312
short-term financial reward
immediate money gained
313
Morale
روحیه، دل گرمی
| -Staff morale has been very low since the company announced a freeze on pay rises
314
job stability
ثبات شغلی
315
fast-moving
developing or changing very quickly
-After working in the fast-moving fashion industry for six years, Sam has decided to look for a career with a better work–life balance
316
work–life balance
the amount of time spent working compared to the amount of time spent doing things you enjoy
317
dynamic
continuously developing
| -Daniel’s job in a dynamic new company is often challenging but exciting
318
demotivated in
feeling less enthusiastic about work
بی انگیزه شدن در
-Chloe is demotivated in her current job following recent changes in the finance sector
319
looking to work in
/
seeking a career in
به دنبال شغلی بودن
-She is looking to work in / seeking a career in something more creative, like markéting
Note: we say look to, meaning consider or plan, NOT look for
320
maternity/paternity/adoption leave
time away from work to prepare for and look after a new baby / adopted child
321
Perk / extra benefits
Informal / formal
extra things apart from salary, e.g. a car, health insurance
-What perks (informal) / (extra) benefits (formal) do you get in your job?
322
holiday entitlement
number of days you have the right to take as holiday
مرخصی استحقاقی
-What’s your holiday entitlement? I get four weeks a year
323
increments
افزایش
(formal)
Increase/rise
-Do you get regular salary increments each year?
324
performance-related pay rise
افزایش حقوق ناشی از عملکرد
325
Annual bonus
جایزه سالانه
extra money paid once a year, usually based on good performance
326
overworked and underpaid
often said together as an informal, humorous fixed expression
-Most people think they are overworked and underpaid
327
voluntary / compulsory redundancies
تعدیل داوطلبانه/اجباری
people losing their jobs, by offering to do so / having no choice
-Because of the recession, the company announced that there would have to be voluntary / compulsory redundancies
328
skeleton staff
حداقل میزان کارکنان
the minimum number of workers needed to keep operating
-During the strike, the airport managed to continue running with a skeleton staff of volunteers
329
interview panel
هیئت مصاحبه کننده، تیم مصاحبه کننده
| -The people on the interview panel at the last job I applied for were so unfriendly that I got very nervous
330
telesales/telemarketing
فروش تلفنی
331
cold calling
phoning people who have not requested a call in order to try to sell them something
332
hard sell
attempt to sell something by being very forceful or persuasive
333
persevered
پشتکار داشتن، استقامت کردن
334
Persuade
ترغیب کردن
335
part with their money
spend money
| -he became quite skilled at persuading customers to part with their money5
336
merchandise
کالا، اجناس
products that are bought and sold
-He then moved into a job on a TV shopping channel, where he specialised in selling merchandise for the leisure market
337
leisure market
بازار سرگرمی
338
hasn’t looked back
پیشرفت کردن
has moved forward successfully
-He did so well at this that he set up his own sportswear company and hasn’t looked back8 since. Hi
339
purchasing power
قدرت خرید
340
shop around
If you shop around, you try different companies or shops to see which offers best value.
341
Stock(v.)
if a shop stocks a particular product, it keeps a supply of it to sell
keeps a supply of it = keeps it in stock
342
trade something up
Phrasal verb
opp. = trade down
بهتر کردن،ارتقا دادن دارایی
to replace something you own with something better, or buy a better type of thing than before
-It also encourages existing home owners to trade up to larger accommodation
343
brand loyalty
confidence in that particular make and a tendency always to choose it
وفاداری به برند
344
loss leader
کالای با ضرر فروخته شده( زیر قیمت)
a product that is sold at a very low price in order to attract customers into a shop
-Just think of it as a loss leader and keep your fingers crossed. 3.
345
Price(v.)
قیمت گذاری کردن
346
niche market
بازار هدف
-If a company finds a niche market, it finds a specialised group of customers with particular interests that that company can meet.
347
come/go under the hammer
حراج گذاشته شدن
sale of goods or property where people make gradually increasing bids and the item is then sold to the highest bidder
-If an item is said to come/go under the hammer, it is sold at an auction
348
auction
حراج
349
bid
پیشنهاد قیمت
- They put in a bid for the house
- the person who places the highest bid
350
bidder
پیشنهاد دهنده
351
lucrative
پولساز
| -Tina started her own software development business, which turned out to be very lucrative
352
irritated
خشمگین، ناراحت
353
red tape
بوروکراسی
bureaucracy (negative)
-The new rules should help cut the red tape for farmers.
354
administration3
مدیریت
355
proposition
formal offer
| -a larger company contacted her with a proposition
356
takeover
خریدن شرکت، در اختیار گرفتن شرکت
agreement in which one company takes control of another one (compare with merger, in which two companies join together to become one company)
-However, she got increasingly irritated by all the red tape involved in the administration of a business and when a larger company contacted her with a proposition, suggesting a takeover, she was interested
357
reach a compromise
رسیدن به تفاهم
| come to an agreement in which both sides reduce their demands a little
358
hammer out a deal
به توافق رسیدن(در توافق کاری پس از مذاکرات در مورد جزئیات)
| talk in detail until a business agreement is made
359
swallowed up
(Phrasal verb)
زیرمجموعه شرکت بزرگتری شدن
taken over by a larger company
-Hundreds of small companies have been swallowed up by these huge multinationals.
360
raise
یکی از معانی: جمع کردن پول
-Tina was sad that her company had been swallowed up but she has used the money raised by the sale of her capital assets to invest in a business start-up
361
capital assets
دارایی های سرمایه ای
buildings and machines owned by a company
362
invest in
سرمایه گذاری کردن در
363
Start-up
کار جدید
364
holiday property letting agency
آژانس اجاره املاک تفریحی
| a business organising the rental of holiday houses and flats
365
Merger
ادغام( چند شرکت)
| -a proposed merger between two of the largest software companies
