WORK book

Question 1

Agreement for renting; outlines terms; a short-term contract where one party allows another to use something specific for a set time.

umowa najmu; umowa dzierżawy

When renting a car for the weekend, you’ll likely sign a ____________ that specifies the rental period, costs, and conditions for using the vehicle.”
What did the ______ cover for our week-long car rental in Austria?

Answer 1

hire agreement/contract

umowa najmu; umowa dzierżawy

Question 2

Contract for services; outlines terms.

umowa o świadczenie usług, umowa serwisowa

When hiring a photographer for an event, the s________ clarified fees, shooting hours, and photo delivery terms.

Answer 2

service agreement = service contract

umowa o świadczenie usług, umowa serwisowa

Question 3

when you rent something and can buy it later after making regular payments.

umowa sprzedaży ratalnej; umowa o zakupie ratalnym

• Through a ________, she acquired the car by making monthly payments.”
  “They entered into a ____ for the office equipment, making it affordable.”

Answer 3

hire purchase agreement/contract

umowa sprzedaży ratalnej; umowa o zakupie ratalnym

Question 4

when you rent something, like a house, for a period by paying money regularly.

We signed a l____ for the apartment, agreeing to stay for a year.

najem, dzierżawa

Answer 4

lease

najem, dzierżawa

Question 5

a paper that says you’re borrowing money and promises how you’ll pay it back.

umowa kredytowa

Emily signed a l____ to borrow money for her dream of opening a small bakery.

Answer 5

loan agreement/contract

umowa kredytowa

Jane signed a l____ with the bank to borrow money for her college tuition, agreeing to monthly payments.

Question 6

Evidence that opposes or contradicts an assumption

sprzeczne dowody

Despite the strong argument, the lawyer presented ____ to challenge the established belief.

Answer 6

contrary evidence

sprzeczne dowody

Question 7

Negotiations continued as both parties exchanged counteroffers to reach a mutually agreeable deal.

kontroferta, kontrpropozycja

Instead of accepting the original offer, she made a ____ with a different price and conditions.

Answer 7

counter offer

kontroferta, kontrpropozycja

Question 8

the rules and information that say how a sale should happen.

warunki sprzedaży

Before finalizing the car purchase, they carefully reviewed and agreed upon the _________.

Answer 8

conditions of sale

warunki sprzedaży

Question 9

a legal principle that presumes something to be true unless proven otherwise

domniemanie dopuszczające przeciwdowód, domniemanie podlegające obaleniu

In the trial, the attorney used a ____ to challenge the opponent’s assumption with persuasive evidence.

Answer 9

rebuttal presumption

domniemanie dopuszczające przeciwdowód, domniemanie podlegające obaleniu

In court, the attorney aimed to provide rebuttal evidence and challenge the presumption made by the opposing party.

Question 10

trying not to be confused or unsure about things.

Uniknąć niepewności

Our teacher, Emily, gave us detailed instructions in order to avoid _____ and create an effective learning environment.

Answer 10

avoid uncertainty

Uniknąć niepewności

Question 11

Crucial details which must be clearly stated in a contract for it to be valid.

Istotne warunki (umowy)

Before signing the agreement, they ensured that all ____, such as price and delivery, were clearly outlined.

Answer 11

essential terms

Istotne warunki (umowy)

Question 12

The individuals or entities involved in making and agreeing to a contract.

strony umowy, kontrahenci

The success of a contract often hinges on the mutual understanding and cooperation between the ____________ involved.

Answer 12

contracting parties

strony umowy, kontrahenci

Question 13

An acceptance of an offer but with changes or conditions.

akcept warunkowy, akcept z zastrzeżeniem

Upon reviewing the agreement, her irritation grew as she found a ____________, realizing that the initially agreed-upon terms had been changed.

Answer 13

qualified acceptance

akcept warunkowy, akcept z zastrzeżeniem

Question 14

Negotiations ongoing, and no binding agreement exists yet.

Warunkowo, z zastrzeżeniem warunków umowy

They agreed on the main terms ____, allowing room for final adjustments before commitment.

Answer 14

subject to contract

Warunkowo, z zastrzeżeniem warunków umowy

Question 15

Documented or recorded in a written form.; (made) in writing

(Zrobione) Na Piśmie

Contracts should be made in w____ to avoid misunderstandings.

Answer 15

on paper

(Zrobione) Na Piśmie

Question 16

The authority or capacity to represent another person’s interests legally.

Uprawnienie / Kompetencje

An attorney has the a____ to act on behalf of their client in legal matters.

Answer 16

Authority/Capacity

Uprawnienie / Kompetencje

Question 17

Representing and making choices for another person.

Działając w Jego Imieniu

The legal guardian is acting on b____ of the minor child in court.

Answer 17

Acting on His Behalf

Działając w Jego Imieniu

Question 18

A mutual agreement expressed through spoken words.

Umowa Ustna

The business deal was sealed with an o____ a____ rather than a written contract.

Answer 18

Oral Agreement

Umowa Ustna

Question 19

To trust and depend on a person or thing.

polegać na

Clients r____ on their lawyers for legal advice.

Answer 19

Rely On

polegać na

Question 20

come into operation; Capable of causing an impact or being in operation.

Mieć Skutek / Być Skutecznym

Answer 20

Have Effect / Be Effective:

Mieć Skutek / Być Skutecznym

The new law will have an effect on tax regulations.

Question 21

signed, sealed and delivered; Carried out in a formal and official manner.l Accomplished with proper formalities and procedures.

Wypełniony / Sporządzony

The contract was formally e____ with signatures and seals.

Answer 21

(formally) executed

Wypełniony / Sporządzony

The contract was formally executed with signatures and seals.

Question 22

binding; Capable of being enforced or implemented.

Wykonalny / Egzekwowalny

A valid contract is legally e____ in a court of law.

Answer 22

enforceable

Wykonalny / Egzekwowalny

Question 23

A legal professional providing advice and handling legal matters; A lawyer who advises clients and prepares legal documents.

Adwokat / Radca Prawny (BrE)

Answer 23

Solicitor

Adwokat / Radca Prawny

Question 24

recognised set of words; Commonly used and acknowledged language or expressions.

Standardowe Sformułowanie

Legal documents often include s____ w____ for clarity.

Answer 24

standard wording

Standardowe Sformułowanie

Question 25

The contract was r… unenforceable after 12 years. | Stawiający kontrakt w stan niewykonalności.

Answer 25

rendered | Stawiający kontrakt w stan niewykonalności. ## Footnote The contract was …rendered… unenforceable after 12 years.

Question 26

Considered or regarded as legally binding | Traktowali to jako wiążące

Answer 26

..treated… it as binding | Traktowali to jako wiążące, choć technicznie uchylnalne. ## Footnote The parties treated it as binding, though technically voidable.

Question 27

Legally prevented or prohibited from initiating legal proceedings. | Zablokowany możliwość wniesienia sprawy z powodu upływu okresu przedawn ## Footnote Due to the limitation period, you are b____ from bringing an action.

Answer 27

..barred… from bringing an action | Zablokowany możliwość wniesienia sprawy z powodu upływu okresu przedawn ## Footnote Due to the limitation period, you are barred from bringing an action.

Question 28

Agreed or gave permission to the specified terms. | Wyraził zgodę na warunki umowy. ## Footnote The other party has c____ to the terms of the contract.

Answer 28

...consented… to the terms | Wyraził zgodę na warunki umowy. ## Footnote The other party has consented to the terms of the contract.

Question 29

Declared invalid or annulled by a court order. | uchylić coś; Unieważniony przez sąd. ## Footnote The contract was s____ a____ by the court because it was defective.

Answer 29

..set aside… by the court

Question 30

Suggested or inferred without being expressly stated. | ukryty, pośredni; dorozumiany ## Footnote Although no written agreement, the conduct i____ a contract.

Answer 30

...implied… a contract | Wnioskowany lub domniemany kontrakt na podstawie zachowań.

Question 32

Obligatory or mandatory according to the law. | Wymagane przez prawo. ## Footnote Registration of the transfer of land is r____ by the law.

Answer 32

..required… by the law

Question 33

time when an actionable event happened; The time when an actionable event happened, marking the beginning of a potential legal claim

Answer 33

…date of occurrence of the cause of action… | Data Wystąpienia Podstawy Roszczenia ## Footnote The date of occurrence of the cause of action in the accident case was crucial in determining liability.

Question 34

amount of time which is available for someone to start legal proceedings ; The amount of time available for someone to initiate legal

Answer 34

limitation period | Okres Ograniczenia Czasowego ## Footnote The limitation period for contract disputes is typically set to a specific number of years.

Question 35

the passing of a period of years; The passing of a period of years, often associated with the expiration of the limitation period for legal actions.

Answer 35

…lapse of time… | Upływ Czasu ## Footnote The lapse of time since the contract breach became a critical factor in deciding whether legal action could be taken.

Question 36

salary paid when an employee cannot work because of illness ## Footnote The company provides generous ____ to ensure employees are financially supported during health-related absences.

Answer 36

sick pay

Question 37

restricted period of employment set out in contract

Answer 37

fixed term

Question 38

organisation which represents the workers, who are its members, in discussions of pay and working conditions with their employer

Answer 38

trade union

Question 39

specialist court dealing in disputes between employers and employees

Answer 39

employment tribunal

Question 40

written details of a position in a company

Answer 40

employment particulars

Question 41

negotiations between an employer and a trade union on terms and conditions of employment and work

Answer 41

collective bargaining

Question 42

tie period of warning that the contract is going to end. | wypowiedzenie, wymówienie ## Footnote I left my n____ on my boss's desk.

Answer 42

…giving notice / notice…

Question 43

clause preventing you working in the same field for three years after you’ve left the company.

Answer 43

…restrictive covenant… ## Footnote klauzula ograniczająca sposoby wykorzystania danego terenu Słownik terminów prawnicznych

Question 44

let go of the company if it fails | zwolnić kogoś (w ramach redukcji etatów) ## Footnote Most of the staff has been made r____ in a desperate attempt to save the company.

Answer 44

…made redundant… | (AmE may off)

Question 45

being removed from the job, | zwolnienie (np. z pracy) ## Footnote I protested against his unfair d____.

Answer 45

…dismissal… ## Footnote Partnership agreement states that we both have to agree on a dismissal. (Umowa partnerska mówi, że oboje musimy się zgodzić na zwolnienie.)

Question 46

procedure for making a complaint | procedura rozpatrywania reklamacji

Answer 46

…grievance procedure… ## Footnote The employee followed the company's grievance procedure to address concerns and seek resolution for workplace issues.

Question 47

changes being made to your work

Answer 47

…variation of contract… ## Footnote Negotiations for a variation of the contract were ongoing to accommodate the changes requested by both parties.

Question 48

When an employee leaves their job due to a significant, negative change in their role, often without consultation. | Rozwiązanie umowy przez pracownika z winy **pracodawcy**

Answer 48

…constructive dismissal

Question 49

Occurs when an employee is forced to leave their job immediately due to a serious violation, such as arriving at work under the influence of alcohol. This swift termination is a response to the employee's behavior. | Zwolnienie dyscyplinarne

Answer 49

Summary dismissal ## Footnote Summary dismissal is a likely consequence of employee theft.

Question 50

Happens when an employer forces an employee to leave their job without following proper procedures. | Niesłuszne zwolnienie ## Footnote An employer has not gone through the appropriate procedures before forcing an employee to leave his job.

Answer 50

…unfair dismissal…

Question 51

relevant

Answer 51

irrelevant

Question 52

legal

Answer 52

illegal

Question 53

lawful

Answer 53

unlawful

Question 54

restrictive

Answer 54

non-restrictive

Question 55

fair

Answer 55

unfair

Question 56

statutory | -> pozaustawowy, pozaprawny, nieregulaminowy

Answer 56

non-statutory

Question 57

Specific terms and conditions outlined in a contract that detail the rights, duties, and obligations of the parties involved. | Postanowienia umowne ## Footnote In business contracts, parties negotiate and include contractual provisions to ensure a mutual understanding and compliance with the agreed terms.

Answer 57

Contractual Provisions

Question 58

The interactions and dynamics between employers and employees within an organization, encompassing issues like wages, working conditions, and disputes. | (Stosunki pracy ## Footnote Effective labour relations contribute to a productive workplace, where open communication and fair treatment are prioritized.

Answer 58

Labour Relations

Question 59

The process in which employers and labor unions engage in negotiations to reach a collective agreement on employment terms. | negocjacje w sprawie umowy zbiorowej (dotyczącej pracy) ## Footnote Successful collective bargaining requires effective communication, compromise, and a commitment to finding mutually beneficial solutions.

Answer 59

collective bargaining

Question 60

Authoritative instructions or orders issued by an authority, often in the context of legal or regulatory requirements. | Dyrektywy ## Footnote Directives provide clear guidance and instructions, shaping the actions and decisions of individuals or organizations.

Answer 60

Directives

Question 61

: Rights granted and protected by law, typically outlined in statutes or legislation. | uprawnienie ustawowe ## Footnote Statutory rights are inherent to individuals and are safeguarded by legal frameworks to ensure fair and just treatment.

Answer 61

Statutory Rights

Question 62

The principle advocating for equal compensation for employees performing similar tasks regardless of gender or other irrelevant factors. | Równe wynagrodzenie za jednakową pracę ## Footnote Legislative efforts focus on enforcing equal pay for like work to address historical disparities and promote a more equitable workforce

Answer 62

Equal Pay for Like Work

Question 63

Similar tasks performed by employees that require similar skill, effort, and responsibility. | Praca jednakowej wartości ## Footnote In the context of equal pay, l____ w____ refers to jobs that are comparable in terms of skill and responsibility.

Answer 63

Like work

Question 64

sick pay vs leave

Answer 64

1) **Sick pay** provides financial support when an employee is unable to work due to illness. 2) **Leave,** on the other hand, allows employees to take time off without loss of pay for reasons such as vacation or personal matters. | leave - urlop ## Footnote He took two weeks of unpaid leave. (On wziął dwa tygodnie bezpłatnego urlopu.)

Question 65

The process of moving a business from one owner to another. | (Przeniesienie przedsiębiorstwa)

Answer 65

Transfer of business ## Footnote During a transfer of business, existing employees may be retained by the new owner, ensuring continuity in employment.

Question 66

Deductions made from an employee's wages that violate legal regulations | (Niezgodne z prawem potrącenia) ## Footnote U____ d____ from wages can include unauthorized withholdings or reductions not permitted by employment laws.

Answer 66

Unlawful deductions ## Footnote deductions- odliczenie, potrącanie

Question 67

Commencement refers to the beginning or start of a particular period, process, or agreement. | Rozpoczęcie ## Footnote The c____ of the new project is scheduled for next Monday.

Answer 67

Commencement (of employment)

Question 68

making changes or modifications to something without the agreement or consent of all parties involved. | Jednostronnie zmienione ## Footnote The employer unilaterally varied the terms of the contract, leading to dissatisfaction among the workers.

Answer 68

Unilaterally Varied

Question 69

refers to serious and unacceptable behavior by an employee, typically resulting in severe consequences or termination. | rażące wykroczenie ## Footnote The employee was dismissed for gross misconduct after engaging in unethical practices.

Answer 69

Gross misconduct