Workbook and Slides Flashcards
(37 cards)
How many cranial bones
8
How many facial bones
14
What are the borders of anterior triangle
SCM, base of mandible, trachea
Contents of anterior triangle
- Submandibular gland
- Styloid process of temporal bone
- Hyoid
- Suprahyoid
- Omyhyoid (superior muscle belly)
- Infrahyoid
- Thyroid gland
- Carotid artery
- Internal juguar vein
- Vagus nerve
Borders of posterior triangle
SCM, clavicle, traps
Contents of posterior triangle
- Brachial plexus
- Phrenic nerve
- External jugular vein
- Omyhyoid (inferior belly)
- Scalenes
- Splenius
- Levator scapula
What are the 8 cranial bones
- 2 parietal
- 2 temporal
- Occipital, Frontal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid
What are the 14 facial bones
- 2 nasal
- 2 inferior nasal conche
- 2 lacrimal
- 2 maxilla
- 2 palatine
- 2 zygomatic
- Vomer, Mandible
Where is the coronal suture
Articulation between parietal bones and frontal bones anteriorly
Where is the sagittal suture
Where right and left parietal bones meet superiorly
Where is the Lambdoid suture
Where parietal bones meet the occipital bones posteriorly
Where is the squamous suture
Where parietal and temporal bones meet laterally
Where is the superior nuchal line
From external occipital protuberance to mastoid process
What is located at the posterior and inferior aspect of the cranium, extends superiorly from the external occipital protuberance and laterally to the mastiod processes of the temporal bones
Occiput
“Bumb of Knowledge”, located at the center of the occiput
- what two attachment sites are beside it?
- It is the superior attachment site for what?
External occipital protuberance
- lies between the attachment sites of both trapezius muscles
- is the superior attachment for the ligamentum nuchae
What attaches on the superior nuchal line from medial to lateral?
On Superior Nuchal Line:
- External occipital protuberance
- Trapezius (origin site)
- SCM (insert site)
- Splenius Capitis (insert) (inferior to SCM site)
*Longissimus Capitis (inserts to mastoid process, inferior to Splenius Capitis but is not part of nuchal line)
Also supericial and on Superior Nuchal Line:
-Occipitalis (Occipitofrontalis) is superior/on the line and between Trap and SCM
Between Superior Nuchal Line and Inferior Nuchal Line:
-Semispinalis Capitis (insert) (inferior to the Trap site)
-Oblique Capitis Superior ( insert) (right above inferior nuchal line and in separate row) Inferior-Lateral to Semispinalis Capitis, inferior to Splenius Capitis, right above Inferior Nuchal Line, next to Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor which is on inferior nuchal line, superior to Rectus Capitis Posterior Major)
What attachment sites/landmarks are on the inferior nuchal line, running from medial to lateral?
- External occipital crest on median nuchal line connecting the external occipital protuberance to foramen magnum, attachment site for the nuchal ligament
- Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor (inferior to semispinalis capitis, which is inferior to trap)
- Rectus Capitis Posterior Major (Inferior to Oblique Capitis Superior)
*Rectus Capitis Lateral (near jugular notch)
What attachment sites lie in between the superior and inferior nuchal line?
Between Superior Nuchal Line and Inferior Nuchal Line:
-Semispinalis Capitis (insert) (inferior to the Trap site)
-Oblique Capitis Superior ( insert) (right above inferior nuchal line and in separate row) Inferior-Lateral to Semispinalis Capitis, inferior to Splenius Capitis, right above Inferior Nuchal Line, next to Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor which is on inferior nuchal line, superior to Rectus Capitis Posterior Major)
What are the purpose/function of cranial bones and facial bones?
Cranial bones:
- protect brain
- attachment site for head and neck muscles
Facial bones:
- provide framework of the face, sense organs and teeth
- provide openings for the passage of food and air
- anchor the facial expression muscles
What is the 17th muscle that attaches to the scapula?
Omohyoid muscle
Synergy: Muscles for Cervical Spinal Flexion (4)
- SCM (B)
- Anterior Scalene (B)
- Longus Capitis (B)
- Longus Colli (B)
Synergy: Muscles for Cervical Spinal Extension (15)
- Trapezius (B)
- Levator Scapula (B)
- Splenius Capitis (B)
- Splenius Cervicis (B)
- Rectus capitis posterior Major
- Rectus capitis posterior Minor
- Oblique Capitis Superior
- Semispinalis Capitis
- Longissimus Capitis (B)
- Longissimus Cervicis (B)
- Illiocostalis cervicis (B)
- Multifidi (B)
- Rotatores (B)
- Intertransversarii (B)
- Interspinalis
Synergy: Rotation Ipsilaterally (10)
- Levator scapula
- Splenius capitis
- Splenius cervicis
- Rectus capitis posterior major
- Oblique capitis inferior
- Longus colli
- Longus capitis
- Longissimus capitis (B)
- Longissimus cervicis (B)
- Iliocostalis cervicis (B)
Synergy: Rotation contralaterally
- Trapezius (upper fibers)
- SCM
- Anterior scalene
- Middle Scalene
- Posterior Scalene
- Multifidi
- Rotatores
