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Baroque Architecture - Rice, NYU > Works > Flashcards

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1
Q

1598-1680

son of a sculptor

a figurative-based architect

theatricality

Pope Urban VIII (Barbarini - bees)

A

Gianlorenzo Bernini

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2
Q
A

Bernini
Santa Bibianana
1623-26 renovation

architecture and sculpture

outskirts of Rome

unearthed bones during renovation

used found columns

frescos by Cortona and Agostino Ciampelli

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3
Q
A

Bernini
Santa Bibiana
1623-26 restoration

statue in high altar niche

looks up at God fresco above (“stage/theatricality”)

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4
Q
A

Benini
Santa Bibiana
1623-26 restoration

2 stories, 3 bays

Ionic piers, not columns

aedicula breaks through balastrade

overall it is quite flat

center top aedicula mimics high altar shape

comissioned by Urban VIII

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5
Q
A

Bernini
Baldacchino of New St. Peter’s
1624-33

Urban VIII is too late to finish St. Peter’s so open competition to design altar, Bernini won

others tried to create one that looked like the Old St. Peter’s altar w/ small columns

Bernini proposed it in the round w/ new Solomonic columns

mimics tapestry/canopy of the Pope -
altar for the Pope ONLY

coats of arms on the bottom with Barbarini heraldry

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6
Q
A

Bernini
Cossing Peir Niches of New St. Peter’s

each niche had a giant statue w/ reliquary on 2nd fl

-St. Longinus w/ lance (Bernini carved!)

  • St. Andrew w/ skull
  • St. veronica w/ veil
  • St. Helen w/ cross
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7
Q
A

Bernini
Cathedra Petri
in New St. Peter’s
1657-66

Comissioned by Pope Alexander VII
(later in Bernini’s carrer)

altar in the apse of the long nave

in dedication to St. Peter’s teaching’s
(may contain parts of his original wodden chair)

holy spirit stained glass above bronze chair and 4 bronze “Doctors of the Church” statues

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8
Q
A

Bernini
Raimondi Chapel
a chapel in S. Pietro in Montorio
1640-47

designed by Bernini from the ground up

comissioned by brothers for thier burial and family prayer

men are shown as busts and as dead in thier coffins!

altarpiece is lit by secret windows

altarpiece: St. Francis in Ecstasy
(not by Bernini)

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9
Q
A

Bernini
Cornaro Chapel
in S. Maria della Vittoria
1645-52

Bernini designed and decorated the chapel from top to bottom - “bel composto”

includes the famous Ecstasy of St Theresa statue!
aedicular niche with hidden window behind pediment
illuminates guilt bronze “rays”

side walls - portrait busts of Cornaro family
look like opera boxes

stucco from ceiling encroaches on wall 7 window
painted clouds and angels

floor is inset with skeletons in colored marble

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10
Q

What is bel composto?

A

the idea that a designer should take into account everything the viewer experiences

unity of painting scuplture and architecture

often results in a theatricality

think Bernini

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11
Q
A

Bernini
S. Andrea al Quirinale
1658-70

had to have 5 altars - solved it with a transverse oval plan

small, but lavish church for Jesuit novices (and public)
part of a larger Jesuit complex

St Andrew in high altar painting & in broken segmental pediment above

huge aedicular front door w/ semicircular walls

ceiling is ribbed and coffered w/ golden occulus/lantern

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12
Q
A

Bernini
S. Maria dell’ Assunzione (S. Mary of the Assumption)
Ariccia, Italy (40 k outside of Rome)
1662-65

across the street from Palazzo Chigi (family of Pope Alexander VII)

round building w/ Pantheon-style portico and lantern above
enclosure wall that encircles the church

2 side buildings have matching facades

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13
Q
A

Bernini
1637-46

bell towers (campanili) of St. Peter’s would not stand

Urban VII gave comission to Bernini

2 stories were completed, cracks appeared again

then Urban died, Innocent X elected
Bernini did not get any more papal comissions for awhile

Innocent reconsidered and hired Bernini for a few small things

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14
Q
A

Bernini
Piazza S. Pietro (Piazza for New St. Peter’s)
1656-67

arms are semi circular passageways 4 columns deep

illusion of a protected space that allows for entrances/exits anywhere

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15
Q
A

Via della Conciliazione

actually a result of Mussolini

links S. Peter’s and Castel Sant’ Angelo (fortress and treasury)

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16
Q
A

Bernini
Ponte Sant’ Angelo (bridge of Castel Sant’ Angelo)
decorated 1667-72

designed 10 angels holding instruments of the Passion to decorate the bridge

carved 2 of them himself
Pope Clement IX kept them for himself and copies were put in thier place

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17
Q
A

Bernini
Scala Regia
1663-66

Vatican Palace did not have a proper entrance

walls are not parallel = Bernini solves this with columns that are

links S. Peter’s with an audience chamber (Sala Regia)to Vatican Palace

also contatins statue of Constantine

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18
Q
A

Sala Regia

a audience chamber for the Pope to recieve important visitors
“papal court”

covered in paintings by Vasari

Serliano window at end with Pope’s throne
(understood the dramatic use of this type of window)

(sort of by Bernini)

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19
Q
A

“Serliano motif” for windows and doors

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20
Q
A

Bernini
Statue of Constantine
1662-68

at the foot of the Scala Regia

depicts Emperor Constantine having a vision on his horse

important moment in Christianity
(conversion from Paganism)

he looks toward a window that Bernini originally meant to be stained glass (now its a window with a cross)

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21
Q

Describe the Italian idea of the “visit”

22
Q

What is a piano nobile?

Study These Flashcards
A

(Italian for “noble floor” or “noble level”)

the principal floor of a large house

contains the principal reception and bedrooms of the house

thier “1st floor”
our “2nd floor”
(as the 1st floor was reserved for work/servant rooms)

23
Q

1599-1667

from stone mason family in N. Italy

much more of a draftsman-architect

hatted right angles, loved curves

experimental in design
loved breaking the rules

hated flat, blank wall space

comitted suicide

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A

Francesco Borromini

24
Q
Study These Flashcards
A

Borromini was related to Carlo Moderno

Moderno appointed him asst. to Bernini on S. Peter’s

Barbarini coat of arms on bottom of Baldacchino
probably by Borromini - little baby face

(who took over Michelangelo’s S. Peter’s plans)

25
Palazzo Barberini plan Moderno, Bernini & Borromini built for brothers (nephews of the Pope)- Taddeo was the married one(Ana Colonna), and Francesco went into the church right half of palace is for married couple, left half is for cardinal designed by Moderno, handed off to Bernini, Borromini was his assistant at edge of the city (at the time)
26
Bernini & Borromini Palazzo Barberini facade 3 storey arcade built like a large villa upper windows = Borromini (curved angles of entabliture jut out)
27
Bernini & Borromini Palazzo Barberini rear facade based off triumphal arch rear entrance is not at the same level as front entrance tan brick w/ white moldings entablature jumps out over pilaster clusters leads to oval room
28
oval room at back entrance of Palazzo Barberini blind doors on either side to suggest symmetry
29
Grand Salon, Palazzo Barberini Bernini, Borromini full height of the palace main reception room w/ throne under mock baldachin (reminder of family's papal status) Peitro da Cortona's painting on the ceiling "Allegory of Divine Providence"
30
Grand (main) Stircase, Palazzo Barberini Bernini square-based originally open to the sky at each landing there are niches paired columns Ana & Tadeo side of building
31
Spiral Staircase, Palazzo Barberini Borromini more column pairs hated right angles brother cardinals side
32
Borromini S. Carlo alle Quattro Fontane "San Carlino" (Saint Charles of the Four Fountains) 1634-77 small church but extremely decorated spent his whole life on it at famous crossroads (4 fountains of river dieties) how to keep the fountain and have a facade? didnt have a lot of $, hired Borromini who was still new & everything is stucco (not marble) built for Spanish order of Discalced Trinitarians
33
Borromini San Carlino monastary 1634-35 courtyard 1635-36 rectangle w/ rounded corners covered passageway around the ouside (2 floors) inverted balastrade
34
Borromini San Carlino church 1638-41 oval shape w/ apses at both ends and flat(ish) walls on the side (sort of elongated greek cross) groundplan = look at ceiling oval dome on pendentives w/ apse domes attached (no drum, windows in dome) play the "where to the columns belong" game made niches works of art themselves (no statues) apse domes - coffers, rosettes and pediments!
35
dome of San Carlino Borromini coffers -crosses, hexagons & octagons lantern - dove/holy spirit
36
facade of San Carlino Borromini 1665-67 completed after his death hated straight lines - curved facade collasal columns w/ smaller aedicules
37
Borromini Oratory and Residence of the Filippini 1637-1650 S. Maria in Vallicella is church of the Filipinni (followers of St. Phillip Neri) original comission given to Paolo Maruscelli, they didnt like it (too residental), given to Borromini
38
Borromini plan or Oratory and Residene of Filippini Borromini solves... -entrance to oratory problem -oratory windows to courtyard problem -rounded shape of coutyard on oneside (extra window in niche) pilater cluster on corner of building to emphasize it windows have decorative grills Borromini designed them (his attention to detail)
39
Borromini S. Ivo alla Sapienza 1642-60 "Church of Saint Ives at the univeristy of Rome" patron saint of lawyers courtyard for academics w/ classes on either sides (not its the state archives of Rome) whole building is from the 16th cent chapel was left unfinished
40
lumbared drum - surrounds dome, acts as buttress from outside looks like its bulging out btwn clustars of pilaters heraldry reflects many popes Urban VIII \> Innocent X \> Alexander VII spire - Pentacost mimicks papal tiara, tower of Babel dove and flames on inner lantern (think San Carlino) stucco decoration - all individualized
41
Borromini S. Giovanni in Laterano "Saint John Lateran" resoration 1646-50 church is piecemeal (never torn down and started anew like S. Peter's) renovated in honor of holy year (pilgrammage church) Innocent X - gave to Borromini encased what was already there planned to leave ovals open to see brick underneath (did not last) 12 nave niches - 12 apostle statues (18th cent) meant to have a barrel vault - not structurally possible also designed new facade - never built
42
Borromini Perspective galley, Palazzo Spada 1652-53 Purchased by Cardinal Spada in 1632, hired Borromini to redesign it designed optical illusion arcade in the courtyard helped by mathematician/Augustinian Friar Giovanni Maria da Bitonto appears to be 37 meters long (is actually 8m)
43
Borromini S. Andrea delle Fratte started in 1604, never finished $ Marchese Paolo del Bufalo (family church) hires Borromini in 1653
44
Boromini S. Andrea delle Fratte facade and campanile 1653-59 dome 1660-67 (Borromini's death) lumbar drum - almost square in plan campanile - 4 storeys columns \> serfs \> flaming torches \> volutes/heraldry/crown/cross facade and drum are unfinished, meant to be coverd in white stucco like campanile
45
1596-1669 born in Cortona, near Florence (Tuscan) primarily a painter Urban XIII was Florentine = hired Cortona a lot
Pietro da Cortona
46
Who were early patrons of Cortona's?
brothers Marcello Sacchetti and Cardinal Gulio Sacchetti Marcello "dicovered" Cotona suggested him to Urban XIII for S. Bibiana frescos (Barberini were friends of the Sacchetti) at Marcello's villa by th sea... Cortona painted ceiling of rear garden gallery quadri riportati Sacchetti(1) and Barberini(3) coats at corners of room
47
What is thi painting style called?
quadri riportati- when a ceiling is painted to look as if framed paintings has been placed overhead
48
Cortona ceiling vault Grand Salon, Palazzo Barberini Allegory of Divine Providence 1633-39 had a little imput on architecture
49
Who was Casiano dal Pozzo
a collector of paper drawings after classical antiqity, architecture, sculpture and nature "Museo Cartaceo"
50
Cortona reconstruction drawings of temple complex at Palestrina 1st cent BC temple complex drawings comissioned by Cassiano dal Pozzo for Museo Cartaceo land actually belonged to Babreini (through Taddeo's wife Ana Colonna)
51
Cortona Villa Sacchetti del Pigneto 1630s-40s? few miles NW of Rome retreat dor day excursions comissioned by Marcello abandoned in 18th cent built on a hill - terraces "nicheone" - great big niche on facade (think Belvedere Courtyard at Vatican Palace)

Baroque Architecture - Rice, NYU (2 decks)

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