Worksheet 1 (section 2)

Question 1

Label this diagram. Where is the sternal angle?

Answer 1

A) T1 - thoracic vertebra 1

B) Sternum

C) Floating ribs

D) False ribs

E) True ribs

F) Manubrium

The sternal angle is between the manubrium and sternum body

Question 2

What are the major functions of the bony thoracic cage?

Answer 2

• Protection
• support
• respiration

Question 3

Label this diagram

Answer 3

A) Spinous process

B) Vertebral arch

C) Vertebral foramen

D) Body

E) Facet for head of rib

F) Pedicle

G/H) Superior facet for articulation

H) Transverse process

I) Lamuna

Question 4

Label this diagram

Answer 4

A) Superior costal facet

B) Superior articular facet (to articulate with other vertebrae)

C) Pedicle

D) Transverse costal facet

E) Transverse process

F) Inferior articular process

G) Spinous process

H) Inferior vertebral notch

Question 5

What are the typical vertebrae?

Answer 5

T2-T8

Question 6

What are the atypical vertebrae?

Answer 6

T9-T12

Question 7

Where are the facets for articulation with ribs loacated on a typical thoracic vetebrae?

Answer 7

• Superior and inferior costal facets located on the borders of the body
• Costal facets on transverse process

Question 8

At what vetebral level does the sternal angle lie at?

Answer 8

T2

Question 9

What part of the vertebra does the head of the rib articulate with?

Answer 9

Superior and inferior costal facets

Question 10

With what part of the vertebra does the tubercle of the rib articulate with?

Answer 10

Costal facet on the transverse process

Question 11

What are the typical ribs?

Answer 11

Ribs 2-10

Question 12

Which ribs are atypical and why?

Answer 12

Rib 1 (only articulates with one vertebrae) and ribs 11 and 12 (floating ribs).

Question 13

What are the true ribs?

Answer 13

Ribs 1-7 as they all articulate with the sternum. Ribs 8,9 and 10 connect to the sternum indirectly.

Question 14

Label this

Answer 14

A) Head (superior and inferior)

B) Tubercle

C) Angle

D) Neck

E) Internal surface

F) Costal groove (always points downwards)

G) External surface

H) Costal cartilage

Question 15

Which ribs are irregular?

Answer 15

• 1 and 2 as they are short and irregular. They are flat and wide.
• 11 and 12 are irregular as they are floating.

Question 16

Label this

Answer 16

A) Posterior rootlets

B) Spinal ganglion

C) Spinal nerve

D) Posterior ramus

E) Anterior ramus

F) Meningeal branch

G) Anterior root

H) Anterior rootlets

Question 17

What are the anterior part of the ribs composed of?

Answer 17

Cartilage rather than bone.

Question 18

What is found in between the ribs?

Answer 18

Neurovascular bundle. They lie in the order VAN (Superior is vein then the artery and most inferior is the nerve).

Question 19

How many intercostal spaces are there on each side?

Answer 19

11

Question 20

Which direction do external intercostal muscle run in?

Answer 20

Downwards and inwards

Question 21

Which direction do the internal intercostal muscle run in?

Answer 21

Downwards and outwards

Question 22

Label this

Answer 22

A) Posterior intercostal artery and vein

B) Thoracic vertebrae

C) Descending aorta

D) Internal thoracic artery

E) Sternum

F) Anterior cutaneous nerves

G) External intercostal membrane

H) Innermost IC muscle

I) Internal IC muscle

J)External IC muscle

K) Lateral cutaneous branch

L) Interal intercostal membrane

M) Posterior intercostal membrane

Question 23

From vessels do the intercostal arteries arise?

Answer 23

Arise from the thoracic aorta and internal thoracic artery

Question 24

Where do the intercostal veins drain into?

Answer 24

Drain into the right Azygous and left Hemizygous veins which are internal thoracic veins.

Question 25

Are the nerve fibres that supply the intercostal muscles somatic or autonomic?

Answer 25

Somatic

Question 26

From which vessel does the internal thoracic arterty arise?

Answer 26

Subclavian artery