Worksheet 5

Question 1

Why is the right kidney lower than the left?

Answer 1

This is because on the right side the liver pushes the kidneys lower.

Question 2

Label this

Answer 2

A) Adrenal glands

B) Kidneys

C) Renal artery

D) Renal vein

E) Ureters

F) Bladder

G) Urethra

Question 3

On which ribs does the kidneys lie on?

Answer 3

• Left lies on 11th and 12th rib.
• Right lies on the 12th rib only.

Question 4

Labels this

Answer 4

A) Kidney

B) Renal capsule

C) Perinephric fat (inner)

D) Renal fascia

E) Paranephric fat (outer)

Question 5

What is the perinephric and paranephric fat?

Answer 5

• Perinephric fat: The adipose layer between renal capsule/corpuscle and the renal fascia.
• Paranephric fat: The adpose layer superficial to the renal fascia.

Question 6

Which organs lie in contact with the anterior surface of each kidney?

Answer 6

Left: Pancreas and descending colon

Right: Duodenum and ascending colon

Question 7

What are important posterior relations of each kidney?

Answer 7

1. Diaphragm
2. 12th rib for right and 11th and 12th for left
3. Muscles: psoas major, quadratus lumborum and transversus abdominis.

Question 8

Label this

Answer 8

A) Cortex

B) Renal pyramid

C) Connection to minor calyx

D) Minor calyx

E) Major calyx

F) Renal lobe

G) Renal columns

H) Renal capsule

I) Renal papilla

J) Ureter

K) Hilus

L) Renal pelvis

M) Adipose tissue in renal sinus

N) Renal sinus

O) Medulla

Question 9

Where in the kidney are the renal corpuscles (the filter) located?

Answer 9

Renal cortex

Question 10

Which structures unite to form ureteric pelvis?

Answer 10

Major calyces

Question 11

What veins drains into the left renal vein?

Answer 11

Left gonadal vein because it is hard to drain directly into the vena cava as it is on the right side of the body, so it takes this route.

Question 12

Which veins drain into the right renal vein?

Answer 12

None as the veins on the right side of the body drain directly into the vena cava.

Question 13

What does the outer cortex secrete?

Answer 13

Coriticosteroids and androgens

Question 14

What does the medulla secrete?

Answer 14

Noradrenaline

Question 15

How many arteries supply each adrenal gland?

Answer 15

There are 3:

• Superior suprarenal artery (originates from the inferior phrenic artery)
• Middle suprarenal artery (originates from aorta)
• Inferior suprarenal artery (originates from the renal artery)

Question 16

How does the ureter enter the bladder?

Answer 16

At an oblique angle to prevent blackflow and maintain pressure.

Question 17

Which one of the following is more anterior, ureter or gonadal arteries?

Answer 17

Gonadal arteries (remember water flows under the bridge)

Question 18

Describe the ureter structure.

Answer 18

Tube of smooth muscle, lined with transitional epithelium

Question 19

From where does the ureter originate?

Answer 19

Renal pelvis and forms the ureter at the uteropelvic junction (UPJ).

Question 20

What supplies blood to the ureters?

Answer 20

• Renal artery
• Internal illiac artery
• gonadal arteries
• aorta

Basically whatever is nearby

Question 21

What are the 3 places in the ureters that kidney stones may form/become stuck?

Answer 21

1. uteropelvic junction
2. Where ureters pass over the common illiac vessels
3. vesico uriteric junction ( where ureters enter the bladder)