World Cities Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the aim of a city challenge partnership?
Improve the social, economic and environmental conditions of urban areas in decline
What are the positives of a city challenge partnership?
Relationship between public and private sector seen as an advantage
Correct the negatives of failed regeneration schemes
Local people involved
Equal importance of improving buildings and conditions for people
What characteristics did an area have that needed a city challenge partnership?
Deprived areas
High unemployment, long term, mainly youth
Low skills and education
Poor physical environment
Social issues including crime and health issues
Poor housing
What are the negatives of a city challenge partnership?
Competition meant some areas which actually needed money didn’t get it
Bidders not all given the same money
Competition between local areas which previously would have worked together
Not clear how plans would be assessed
What is an example of property led regeneration?
Urban development corporation
London Docklands
What was an urban development corporation?
Physical, social, economic regeneration of previously deprived areas
Corporation given planning powers above local authorities
Public money invested in infrastructure to attract private investment
Boards made of local people
What were the negatives of UDC?
Employment generated not sufficient (skills mismatch)
Change in land values mean a loss as UDCs must buy land that has lost value
Above local authority means lack of voice
Physical and social exclusion
What are schemes in the 21st century?
Flagship projects to prevent areas from being in decline
Eg Cardiff Bay
Development of sustainable communities to allow people to a stable job, stable income and a home with a fair quality of life
Maximising personal potential
Outline the need for the LDDC
1960’s increase in size and demand of containers meant that shallow docks could not receive containers
1980’s derelict land, unemployment, population loss, poor public transport 20% housing unsustainable
150,000 jobs lost
Physical regeneration of Docklands
600ha land reclaimed £155mn spent 90km new roads DLR and new bus routes City airport Excel centre
What is a city challenge partnership?
Partnership between local government and private sector
Economic regelation of Docklands
£1120mn public £8420 private investment
Commercial redevelopment in Canary Wharf
Business doubled in 9 years
Double employment 41000 new jobs
Social regeneration of Docklands
15200 new homes
5300 homes refurbished double population
New leisure facilities
Environmental regeneration of Docklands
100,000 new trees
17 conservation areas
90km waterfront
130 ha green space
Negative impacts of LDDC
New homes too expensive for locals Redevelopment attracted affluent Population decline solution too late Lack of community feel Mismatch of skills 36% unskilled
Management of LDDC
40% housing in Shadwell and Wapping made affordable
Centres made for basic skills training
Skillnet to provide skills
What were the traditional shopping patterns
Daily shopping for convenience goods
Long rare journeys for high cost goods such as electricals and clothes
1970’s shopping
Large supermarkets food and non food
Hyper markets included clothes and electricals
1980’s shopping
Development of non food retail parks eg b&q on outskirts of town
1990’s shopping
Out of town shopping areas on periphery by motorway
4 factors leading to retail change
Increased mobility
Change in shopping habits
Change in nature of shopping
Change in expectations
What is change in nature of shopping habits
Freezers
Ready meals
Weekly shops
Longer opening hours
Increased mobility
City centres pedestrianised limited parking Increased cars Out of town have large free parking Motorways less congested Petrol stations not corner shops
Changing expectations of shopping habits
Social activity
Leisure things like cinemas
