World History 2nd Semester Exam

Question 1

Chivalry

Answer 1

Code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages

Question 2

Crusades

Answer 2

a series of wars from the 1000s through the 1200s in which European Christians tried to win control of the Holy Land from Muslims

Question 3

Reconquista

Answer 3

the campaign by European Christians to drive the Muslims from present-day Spain

Question 4

The Inquistion

Answer 4

a Church court set up to try people accused of heresy

Question 5

Utopian

Answer 5

idealistic or visionary, usually used to describe a perfect society

Question 6

Heliocentric

Answer 6

based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe

Question 7

Humanism

Answer 7

an intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance that focused on education and the classics

Question 8

Tsar

Answer 8

title of the ruler of the Russian empire

Question 9

Steppe

Answer 9

sparse, dry, treeless grassland

Question 10

Great Schism

Answer 10

the official split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine churches

Question 11

Moluccas

Answer 11

a group of islands in eastern Indonesia; was the center of the spice trade

Question 12

Conquistadors

Answer 12

Spanish explorers who claimed lands in the Americas for Spain

Question 13

Privateers

Answer 13

privately owned ship commissioned by a government to attack and capture enemy ships, especially merchant’s ships

Question 14

Circumnavigate

Answer 14

to travel completely around the world

Question 15

Dark Ages

Answer 15

the early medieval period of western European history.

Question 16

Domesday Book

Answer 16

established effective taxation system

Question 17

Peninsulares

Answer 17

member of the highest class in Spain’s colonies in the Americas

Question 18

Indulgences

Answer 18

in the Roman Catholic Church, pardon for sins committed during a person’s lifetime

Question 19

Line of Demarcation

Answer 19

line set by the Treaty of Tordesillas dividing the non-European world into two zones, one controlled by Spain and the other by Portugal

Question 20

Mutinies

Answer 20

revolt, especially of soldiers or sailors against their officers

Question 21

Vernacular

Answer 21

everyday language of ordinary people

Question 22

Triangular Trade

Answer 22

colonial trade routes among Europe and its colonies, the West Indies, and Africa in which goods were exchanged for slaves

Question 23

Black Death

Answer 23

an epidemic of the bubonic plague that ravaged Europe

Question 24

Martyrs

Answer 24

person who suffers or dies for his or her beliefs

Question 25

Scorched-Earth policy

Answer 25

military tactic in which soldiers destroy everything in their path to hurt the enemy

Question 26

Guillotine

Answer 26

device used during the Reign of Terror to execute thousands by beheading

Question 27

Laissez-Faire economy

Answer 27

policy allowing business to operate with little or no government interference

Question 28

Continental System

Answer 28

blockade designed by Napoleon to hurt Britain economically by closing European ports to British goods; ultimately unsuccessful

Question 29

Abdicate

Answer 29

to give up or step down from power

Question 30

Bourgeoisie

Answer 30

the middle class

Question 31

Annex

Answer 31

add a territory to an existing state or country

Question 32

Faction

Answer 32

a group within a larger group

Question 33

The Franks

Answer 33

most organized and successful kingdom

Question 34

Charlemagne

Answer 34

Charles the Great or Charles I, was King of the Franks.

Question 35

Thomas Aquinas

Answer 35

Faith and reason in harmony

Question 36

Joan of Arc

Answer 36

Female warrior and military leader

Question 37

Medici Family

Answer 37

Italian banking family

Question 38

Michelangelo

Answer 38

St Peter's Cathedral- Pieta, David and Sistine Chapel

Question 39

Leonardo

Answer 39

The Last Supper and Mona Lisa

Question 40

Raphael

Answer 40

Drawing Madonnas

Question 41

Donatello

Answer 41

Bronze David, Gattamalata, and Penitent Magdalene

Question 42

Francesco Petrarch

Answer 42

Established large Library

Question 43

Albrecht Durer

Answer 43

went to Venice to study its more advanced artistic world

Question 44

Johann Gutenberg

Answer 44

publisher who introduced printing to Europe.

Question 45

Thomas More

Answer 45

Renaissance Humanist

Question 46

Martin Luther

Answer 46

Deeply influenced the doctrines of Protestant and other Christian traditions.

Question 47

Copernicus

Answer 47

Wrote revolutions of the heavenly shapes and theorized the sun is the center

Question 48

Galileo

Answer 48

Italian astronomer who theorized earth moved around the sun

Question 49

Rene Descartes

Answer 49

Developed experiments and observations, and the scientific method

Question 50

The Golden Horde

Answer 50

the Mongol armies that invaded Europe and ruled Russia for over two centuries

Question 51

Dante Alighieri

Answer 51

Major italian poet

Question 52

Magellan

Answer 52

set out from Spain with a fleet of five ships to discover a western sea route to the Spice Islands

Question 53

Henry the Navigator

Answer 53

led to the rounding of Africa and the establishment of sea routes to the Indies.

Question 54

Vasco de Gama

Answer 54

Portuguese sailor and explorer during the Age of Exploration. He was the first person to sail directly from Europe to India, around the Cape of Good Hope.

Question 55

Pizarro

Answer 55

Spanish conquistador known for conquering Peru's Inca Empire and founding the city of Lima

Question 56

Hernan Cortes

Answer 56

Spanish conquistador and explorer who defeated the Aztec empire and claimed Mexico for Spain

Question 57

Jacques Cartier

Answer 57

His exploration of the St. Lawrence River allowed France to lay claim to lands that would become Canada.

Question 58

Ferdinand and Isabella

Answer 58

A king and queen of Spain who united their country and sponsored the exploration of the New World by Christopher Columbus

Question 59

Bartolome de Las Casa

Answer 59

Spanish historian, social reformer and Dominican friar.

Question 60

Amerigo Vespucci

Answer 60

he discovered present-day Rio de Janeiro. Believing he had discovered a new continent, he called South America the New World.

Question 61

Malinche

Answer 61

was a Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast, who played a role in the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire

Question 62

Christopher Columbus

Answer 62

An Italian explorer and navigator who sailed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean