world history benchmark

Question 1

According to the 5 Pillars of Islam, every Muslim must

Answer 1

Give charity to the poor

Question 2

The 1st prophet of Islam was

Answer 2

Muhammad

Question 3

The birthplace of Islam was

Answer 3

Mecca

Question 4

The holy book of Islam is the

Answer 4

Quran

Question 5

The 2 main groups within Islam are

Answer 5

Shiites and Sunnis

Question 6

The Renaissance began in

Answer 6

Italy

Question 7

How did Italy’s location help make it the starting point for the Renaissance

Answer 7

Location allowed trade with Muslim world

Question 8

The Renaissance was characterized by

Answer 8

• the idea that people can shape their own destinies
• revival of interest in Greek and Roman civilization
• the emphasis on humanism

Question 9

Groups that revolted against the Catholic Church and formed separate Christian churches during the reformation were known as

Answer 9

Protestants

Question 10

The Reformation began when

Answer 10

Martin Luther publicly criticized the church for selling indulgences

Question 11

What is 1 belief of Luther that differed from church practices

Answer 11

He believed Christians would be saved only by faith

Question 12

The English Reformation began as a result of the

Answer 12

Pope’s refusal to annul Henry Vlll’s marriage

Question 13

Which of the following inventions contributed to the spread of ideas in the late Renaissance, Reformation and Scientific Revolution

Answer 13

The printing press

Question 14

Why was Copernicus’s theory revolutionary

Answer 14

It contraindicated the teachings of the church

Question 15

The English Bill of rights:

Answer 15

• gave the House if Commons “the power of the purse”
• forbid the US of cruel ad unusual punishment against English citizens
• created a limited (constitutional) monarchy

Question 16

The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English in 1588:

Answer 16

• brought an end to Spain’s colonial monopoly in North America
• signaled the decline of Spain as a major power
• marked the rise of England as a major power

Question 17

The formation of the Holy Roman Empire was a very significant event in European history because it:

Answer 17

• created the world’s first “superpower” of the modern era
• delayed the development of German unification
• led to the start of the Crimean war

Question 18

What European nation was the first to seek an all water route to Asia by sailing around Africa

Answer 18

Portugal

Question 19

What European nation established colonies along the Mississippi River in present day US and along the St. Lawrence River in present day Canada

Answer 19

France

Question 20

The European nations the first attempted to sail west across the Atlantic and established colonies throughout the Americas

Answer 20

Spain

Question 21

What European nation established colonies along the eastern coast of North American

Answer 21

England

Question 22

Who wrote that people have a natural right to overthrow the government

Answer 22

John Locke

Question 23

Voltaire was a philosopher who defended

Answer 23

Freedom of speech

Question 24

What idea of Montesquieu influenced the US Constition

Answer 24

Separation of powers

Question 25

What British writer favored an absolute monarchy as the best form of government

Answer 25

Hobbies

Question 26

The Enlightment

Answer 26

- served as an inspiration for both American and French Revolution - championed the belief that social problems could be solved by applying reason and Scientific method - changed the relationship between rulers and the state to one where the ruler served the state to support the people

Question 27

The symbolic start of the French Revolution, which occurred on ___, and is celebrated as French Independence Day is

Answer 27

July 14, 1789, the storming of the battle

Question 28

Many people saw the Bastille as a symbol of

Answer 28

Tyranny

Question 29

The 1st estate was made up of

Answer 29

clergy

Question 30

The 2nd estate was made up of

Answer 30

Nobles

Question 31

The 3rd estate was made up of

Answer 31

Bourgeoisie and peasants

Question 32

The economic crisis in France was caused by

Answer 32

- failure to reform - policies of the Estates-General - bad harvests, costly wars and deficit spending

Question 33

The Declaration of the Rights of Men and Citizen proclaimed all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 33

equal rights for women

Question 34

The Committee of Public Safety was headed by

Answer 34

Maximiian Robespierre

Question 35

Who invented the Guillotine

Answer 35

Dr. Guillotin

Question 36

Which of the following helped Napoleon rise to power

Answer 36

His military succusses

Question 37

Napoleon's Continental System was designed to

Answer 37

Stops British trade with Europe

Question 38

What tactic helped the Russians defeat Napoleon

Answer 38

Scorched earth policy

Question 39

Napoleon's final defeat in 1815 occurred at

Answer 39

Battle of Waterloo

Question 40

The Industrial Revolution began in

Answer 40

Britian

Question 41

The 1st industry to develop at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution was the ___ industry

Answer 41

Textiles

Question 42

Industrialization brought about poor working conditions for workers that included

Answer 42

- working with dangerous machinery - unhealthy environments in factories - low wages and long hours

Question 43

What is 1 way agriculture helped the population explosion

Answer 43

It created a surplus of food

Question 44

At the beginning of the Industrial Age, labor unions

Answer 44

- offered workers protection from unfair working conduction - were helped by the government through legislation - relied on vandalism and violence as a tactic

Question 45

How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to imperialism

Answer 45

Western nations needed natural resources

Question 46

Many western leaders felt they needed colonies and global empire to

Answer 46

- supply manufactured goods - create strong nation states - strengthen national security

Question 47

During the Industrial Revolution, child labor was used because

Answer 47

- it was previously used on family farms - they worked for lower wages than adults - they were easier to control by management

Question 48

Communism

Answer 48

Political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and need

Question 49

Socialism

Answer 49

Political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole

Question 50

Social Darwinism

Answer 50

Theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform

Question 51

Opium War

Answer 51

War between Great Britain and China that began in 1839 as a conflict over the opium trade and ended in 1842 with the Chinese cession of Hong Kong to the British, the opening of five Chinese ports to foreign merchants, and the grant of other commercial and diplomatic privileges in the Treaty of Nanking

Question 52

Taiping Rebellion

Answer 52

erson who participated in the unsuccessful rebellion led by Hong Xiuquan, who attempted to overthrow the Manchu dynasty

Question 53

Sino Japanese War

Answer 53

War between China and Japan over the control of Korea that resulted in the nominal independence of Korea and the Chinese cession to Japan of Formosa and the Pescadores

Question 54

Open Door Policy

Answer 54

Policy of admitting people of all nationalities or ethnic groups to a country upon equal terms, as for immigration

Question 55

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 55

Member of a Chinese secret society that carried on an unsuccessful uprising, Boxer Rebellion principally against foreigners, culminating in a siege of foreign legations in Peking that was put down by an international expeditionary force

Question 56

Jan van Eyck

Answer 56

Early Netherlandish painter active in Bruges. He is often considered one of the founders of Early Netherlandish painting and one of the most significant representatives of Northern Renaissance art

Question 57

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 57

Italian Renaissance polymath whose areas of interest included invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany, writing, history, and cartography

Question 58

Michelangelo

Answer 58

Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art

Question 59

Raphael

Answer 59

Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur

Question 60

Describe the English Reformation

Answer 60

King Henry and the Pope Annulment denied | King Henry’s wives

Question 61

Why the invention of the printing press was considered a revolutionary event

Answer 61

Martin Luther’s 95 Theses could be published much faster and distributed throughout the nation

Question 62

Why was the Glorious Revolution in England an important event in the development of democratic governments

Answer 62

Created a constitutional monarch and was rid of an absolute monarch

Question 63

Briefly describe what occurred during the “Reign of Terror” in the French Revolution

Answer 63

Robespierre had thousands killed if they did not stand with the revolution. He had them executed by the guillotine.

Question 64

``` Which reform philosophy (progressivism, socialism, or communism) would YOU favor to address the problems facing the working class as a result of the Industrial Age? Briefly explain your choice ```

Answer 64

Students will need to define that philosophy and explain their choice