world History unit 2

Question 1

Hannibal

Answer 1

Carthaginian military commander who, in the Second Punic War, attempted a surprise attack on Rome, crossing the Alps with a large group of soldiers, horses, and elephants.

Question 2

The Punic Wars

Answer 2

A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome’s dominance over the western Mediterranean.

Question 3

The Battle of Thermopylae

Answer 3

(480 B.C.E.) Battle in which Spartan king Leonidas and his army of 300 Spartans and other Greeks refused to surrender to the numerically superior Persian army at the pass of Thermopylae; they were annihilated to the man but allowed the other Greek forces to prepare for the Persian invasion.

Question 4

Pericles

Answer 4

Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon.

Question 5

The Delian League

Answer 5

an alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians

Question 6

Battle of Marathon

Answer 6

(490 B.C.E.) Battle where the Persians who invaded Greece were defeated on the Plain of Marathon by an Athenian army.

Question 7

Constantine

Answer 7

Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)

Question 8

Nero

Answer 8

Roman Emperor notorious for his monstrous vice and fantastic luxury (was said to have started a fire that destroyed much of Rome in 64) but the Empire remained prosperous during his rule (37-68)

Question 9

Battle of Cannae

Answer 9

Hannibal encircled Romans; beat force at least three times bigger than his own; greatest victory

Question 10

Dictator

Answer 10

A ruler who has complete power over a country

Question 11

Eratosthenes

Answer 11

The head librarian at Alexandria during the third century B.C.; he was one of the first cartographers. Performed a remarkably accurate computation of the earth’s circumference. He is also credited with coining the term “geography.”

Question 12

Alexander the Great

Answer 12

son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world

Question 13

Hellenistic Era

Answer 13

the age of Alexander the Great; period when the Greek language and ideas were carried to the non-Greek world

Question 14

Iliad and Odyssey

Answer 14

Greek epic poems attributed to Homer; defined relations of gods and humans that shaped Greek mythology.

Question 15

Thucydides

Answer 15

Greek historian. Considered the greatest historian of antiquity, he wrote a critical history of the Peloponnesian War that contains the funeral oration of Pericles

Question 16

Stoicism

Answer 16

An ancient Greek philosophy that became popular amongst many notable Romans. Emphasis on ethics. They considered destructive emotions to be the result of errors in judgment, and that a wise person would repress emotions, especially negative ones and that “virtue is sufficient for happiness.” They were also concerned with the conflict between free will and determinism. They were also non-dualists and naturalists.

Question 17

Polis

Answer 17

A city-state in ancient Greece.

Question 18

Republic

Answer 18

A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.

Question 19

Julius Caesar

Answer 19

Part of the first triumvirate who eventually became “emperor for life”. Chose not to conquer Germany. Was assassinated by fellow senators in 44 B.C.E.

Question 20

Diocletian

Answer 20

(245-313) Emperor of Rome who was responsible for dividing Rome into different provinces and districts. Eventually, the eastern portions of the Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire.

Question 21

Visigoths

Answer 21

A Germanic tribe who settled primarily in Spain; the first such group to lay siege to Rome.

Question 22

Etruscans

Answer 22

Beginning in the 700s BCE,first rulers of Roman Republic and Empire; Laid the foundation for Rome and Roman civilization

Question 23

Twelve Tables

Answer 23

Completed in 449 BCE, these civil laws developed by the Roman Republic following demands by plebeians.

Question 24

Roman Empire population

Answer 24

about 50 million

Question 25

First Triumvirate

Answer 25

60 BCE, unofficial coalition between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus

Question 26

Law of Nations

Answer 26

a branch of Roman law that was applied to citizens in all parts of the Empire regardless of nationality

Question 27

Acropolis

Answer 27

A fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city

Question 28

Agora

Answer 28

the marketplace in ancient Greece

Question 29

Mount Olympus

Answer 29

Home of the gods

Question 30

Augustus

Answer 30

(63 BCE - 14 CE) First emperor of Rome (27 BCE - 14 CE) He restored order and prosperity to the Empire after nearly a century of turmoil. Grandnephew to Julius Caesar.

Question 31

Patricians and Plebeians

Answer 31

From the start the roman society was split into two classes. The patricians who were considered to be the upper class could serve as priests, senators and magistrate. The plebeians were the commoners- farmers, laborers and artisans. The wealth did not define the class, some plebeians were rich and more patricians could be poor.

Question 32

Homer

Answer 32

A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

Question 33

Socrates

Answer 33

(470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes.

Question 34

Plato

Answer 34

(430-347 BCE) Was a disciple of Socrates whose cornerstone of thought was his theory of Forms, in which there was another world of perfection.

Question 35

Aristotle

Answer 35

A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato