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1
Q

polyarteritis nodosa

(PAN)

A
  • panmural inflammation of the arterial wall

sx: months of fever, weight loss, muscle joint pain due to cytokines

associated with hep B
-commonly see occlusion of renal arteries and oi abdominal artery aneurysms

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2
Q

fibromuscular dysplasia

cause, presentation, diagnosis

A
  • non-inflammatory, nonatherosclerotic condition that affects small medium arteries and results in ischemia

*Renal artery stenosis (normally bilateral)
- secondary htn, abdominal bruit, flank abdominal pain, CKD

*cerebrovascular
-HA, neck pain, cervical bruit, tinnitus
-TIA, stroke, horners, amaurosis fugax

Diagnosis: string of Beads
-duplex ultrasonography, CT angio
-digital subtraction angiography

  • see renal infarction, but don’t see months of constitutional symptoms ie fever, weight loss, muscle joint pai,n
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3
Q

ADR of erythrocyte stimulating agent
onset: 2-8wks of starting

A

worsening hypertension due to systemic vasoconstriction

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4
Q

hypercalcemia can be caused by what electrolyte deficiency?

A

hypomagnesemia

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5
Q

reflex change you would see with brain death

A

-deep tendon reflexes

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6
Q

cause?

A

herpes keratitis

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7
Q

meningitis vs encephalitis signs

A

meningitis- nuchal rigidity
neck stiffness

encephalitis: AMS, seizures

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8
Q

HSV encephalitis findings

A

increased lymphocytes
-behavioral changes, seizures
-temporal lobe damage on MRI

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9
Q

most common cause of b12 deficiency and increases risk for

A

pernicious anemia
- destruction of intrinsic factor receptors form gastric acid

gastric cancer

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10
Q

caused by?

with erythema nodosum, lymphadenopathy

-effects on electrolytes

A

sarcoidosis
GRUELING
Granuloma
aRthritis
Uveitis
Erythema nodosum
Lymphadenopathy
Interstitial fibrosis
Negative TB test
Gammaglobulinemia

-increases calcitriol, serum Ca, urinary Ca
-decreases PTH

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11
Q

Cause?

HIV patient

A

toxoplasmosis encephalitis

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12
Q

given to slow heart down for tacycardia

A
  • adenosine
  • vagal maenuver: carotid massage
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13
Q

amiodarone ADR

A

hypothyroidism hepatoceluar injury

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14
Q

pancreatic cyst management

A

endoscopic ultrasound guided biopsy

if it has high risk features
- large size>3cm
- solid components or calcifications
- main pancreatic duct involvement
- thickened or irregular cyst wall

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15
Q

conn syndrome

A

aka primary aldosteronism

-hypokalemia + low plasma renin + elevated serum sodium bicarb (metabolic alkalosis)

save sodium, kick out potassium

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16
Q

Treatment for MAC and CD4 risk cutoff

A
  • CD4 <50/mm^3
  • macrolide + ethambutol
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17
Q

increased erythrocyte destruction results in inc/dec haptoglobin?

A

decreased

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18
Q

looks like MI ,but no signs of obstructive coronary artery disease on coronary angiography

A

stress-induced cardiomyopathy
- changes in precordial leads
-apical left ventricular ballooning

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19
Q

transverse myelitis

tx

A

inflammation of parts of spinal cord:
- motor weakness
-authonomic dysfunction
-sensory dysfunction (numbness with distinct sensory level)

steroids , plasmapheresis

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20
Q

murmur associated with infective endocarditis

A

mitral regurgitation

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21
Q
A
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22
Q

common causes of massive transaminitis in thousands

A

ischemic hepatic injury

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23
Q

urine osmolality
value when it is too dilute

A

<40

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24
Q

meds that cause SIADH

A

SSRI NSAIDS
carbamazepine

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25
vasospastic angina, what is it and treatment?
heart pain that mimics MI, can wake person up from sleep or at rest, will see ST elevations, but no sings of occlusion on CT angio Tx: diltiazem
26
CXR with ring of calcification around heart + constrictive pericarditis
TB cardiac surgery viral pericarditis
27
cause?
bacillary angiomatosis
28
first line treatment for arterial claudication
low dose ASA + statin + exercise therapy if it fails revascularization or
29
symptoms of hyperaldosteronism
hypOkalemia metabolic acidosis hypertension
30
High leukocute alkaline phosphatase (lap) score means
high number of mature wbc,
31
cardiovascular effects of marfans
aortic aneurysm ,
32
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease increases risk for ? cause?
cerebral aneurysm / intracranial bleed cause: gene mutation causes impaired vascular integrity + htn from kidney changes
33
bronchiectasis
lots of mucis, chronic coughs, recurrent infections, blood tinged sputum
34
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
- autosomal dominant disorder where structural defects in vessel wall cause post-capillary venous pooling, arteriovenous shunting - recurrent epistaxis, telangiectasia, cyanosis,
35
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
genetic defect that causes RBS to lose GPI anchor protection, results in hemolysis Features: excessive fatigue, jaundice , hemoglobinuria, vein thrombosis (hepatic), pancytopenia
36
smoking related lung disease changes on XR presents as
ground glass infiltrates
37
myasthenia crisis vs cholinergic syndrome
myasthenia crisis: tachycardia , normal pupils otherwise both will have muscle weakness, sweating, dyspnea, that leads to respiratory failure Tx: intubation, prednisone, plasma exchange
38
peripheral vs central vertigo
central: postural instability, other ins symptoms ie weakness diplopia - not fatiguable and no latency period
39
klinefelter syndrome
xxy syndrome -testicular dysgenesis results in testosterone deficiency -testicular atrophy -gynecomastia -reduced facial hair -tall stature with long extremities
40
HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: HAND - how does it look on MRI? - RF
MRI: diffuse ventricular enlargement, brain atrophy, increased white matter intensity
41
KAPOSIS SARCOMA -common in someone who is immunosuppressed, organ transplant aids
42
Steven johnson vs toxic epidermal necrolysis
SJS < 10% of body ten > 30% of body
43
myeloproliferative disorder
groups of diseases in which bone marrow makes too many ribs, abc, or platelets
44
when do you treat hypercalcemia? treatment?
when >14 or symptomatic -NS + Calcitonin -long term biphosphonate
45
epidermolysis bullosa
genetic conditions that causes skin to become fragile & blister easily
46
incidence vs prevalence
-incidence # of new changes, remains unchanged -prevalence: number of total cases at a certain point in time, cancer treatments that prolong survival will prolong prevalence but incidence will remain unchanged
47
chronic epigastric pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward is most likely due to - eval method
pancreatitis- abdominal ct
48
esophageal varice px med tx med
px: nonselective beta blocker tx ocreotide
49
HCM murmur vs aortic stenosis
both crescendo decrescendo murmur but HCM -brisk carotid/ peripheral pulse vs AS soft delayed peripheral pulse
50
why are patients with pancreatic diabetes more susceuptible to hypoglycemia (9 DM from destruction of beta cells)
alpha cells of pancreas are destroyed too so they cannot make gglucagon when glycogen stores are depleted
51
-condition that affects 2nd 3rd MCP joint, chondrocalcinosis on XR onset <40yo tx?
arthropathy of hereditary hemochromatosis tx: NSAIDS, phlebotomy
52
numbness and pain in 3rd and 4th toe, with clicking sensation when squeezinf the 3rd and 4th metatarsal joints together
morton neuroma
53
organisms that cause urinary alkalinization and kidney stones
proteus and klebsiella
54
asteristix can occur with
hypercapnia, uremia, and drug intoxication
55
mixed cryoglobulinemia
associated with hepatitis C, glomerulonephritis
56
when is transplant indicated for APAP overdose?
- PT> 100 seconds, grade 3/4 hepatic encephalopathy, SCr > 3.4
57
pericarditis
abnormal T waves, pleauritic chest pains can be caused by uremia
58
hydroxychloroquine ADR
retinopathy h"eye"droxychloroquine eye exam q5y
59
criteria for extubation
-pH> 7.25 -PaO2 >/=60 on FiO2
60
what treatment for graves worsens eye disease
radioactive iodine
61
signs of lead poisoning
-microcytic anemia( basophilic stripping), peripheral neuropathy, confusion -htn, constipation -nephrotoxicity, hyperuricemia
62
adenocarcinoma vs squamous cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma- occurs in periphery and more common in non-smokers ( a for abstinence) - SCC: central and smokers
63
cause of joint effusion
gout: monosodium urate crystals
64
osteoblastic lesions associated with (cancer)?
sclerotic, focal lesion normal-low Ca high alkaline phosphatase prostate cancer
65
CKD induces bone changes
radiographic evidence of widespread osteopenia and subperiosteal bone turn over
66
management of pancreatitis
- hydration , pain control - get lipid panel (based on TG level ) 0insuline infucsion or therapeutic plasma exchange
67
what type of murmur is benigh
midsystolic murmur
68
signs of epiglottitis
sore throat, laryngotracheal tenderness to palpation, fever pooled oral secretions, respiratory compromise

IM (14 decks)

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