World Religions and Philosophies Flashcards
(23 cards)
What does the term monotheistic mean?
Monotheistic religions believe in only one god
What are the three main monotheistic religions?
Christianity, Judaism, and Islam
What is the code of behavior for Jews and Christians?
The Ten Commandments
What is the code of behavior for Muslims?
The Five Pillars (includes making a pilgrimage to Mecca, pray five times a day, etc.)
What is the idea that after humans die, their souls are reborn into another body? True or false: Hindus believe in this concept
Reincarnation - True, Hindus do believe in this concept
What term refers to all of the good and bad deeds that one does during their lifetime?
Karma
What social hierarchy do Hindus follow?
The Caste System - they believe the social class they are born into is based on the karma (good or bad) they developed in a previous life
What is the goal of Hindus?
To achieve Moksha which ends reincarnation and stops the cycle of death and rebirth
Who was Buddhism founded by?
Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)
Buddhism is similar to Hinduism - both believe in reincarnation and karma. What is the biggest difference between the two?
Buddhists do NOT believe in the Caste System, the social hierarchy Hindus follow
What is the goal of Buddhists?
To achieve Nirvana, which ends reincarnation and stops the cycle of death and rebirth (equivalent to the Hindu cocnept of Moksha)
What do Buddhists have to accept in order to achieve Nirvana?
The Four Noble Truths (the idea that all life is suffering caused by our selfish desires)
What is the code of behavior Buddhists believe people must follow to end suffering?
The Eightfold Path (resist evil, be kind, meditate, etc.)
What philosophy of China is based on the idea that humans are evil and harsh punishments are needed to maintain order in society?
Legalism
Where is Confucianism mostly practiced?
China
What is the philosophy/code of behavior for confucianism?
The Five Relationships - the idea that every person has specific roles and obligations that must be followed in order to keep stability in society. For example: subjects must obey their rulers, wives must obey their husbands, children must obey their parents, etc.
What is filial piety?
The idea that people must honor and respect their elders
What do nature religions believe?
Both living and non-living things in nature have a spirit
What are the two most well-known nature religions and where are they practiced?
Shinto in Japan and Animism in Africa
Who founded Judaism?
Abraham
What is the sacred text of Judaism?
The Torrah
Who founded Islam?
Muhammed
What is the sacred text of Islam?
Quran
