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World Religions: The Spirit Searching Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Puja?

A

A form of worship in Dharmic traditions that consists of making an offering of flowers or fruit to an image of a god at a home shrine.

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2
Q

What is the origin of the word ‘‘religion?’’

A

Relegio - ‘‘obligation, bond’’
Religare - Tie back/tighten.

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3
Q

How did Durkheim define religion?

A

A unified system of beliefs and practices related to sacred things.

'’Sacred’’ here referring to things that are ‘‘extraordinary’’

Important distinction between ‘sacred’ and ‘profane.’

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4
Q

How did Max Weber define religion?

A

He emphasised how beliefs motivate human action and shape worldviews.

Religion is ultimately a force for social change.

think ‘work ethic’ and protestant values.

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5
Q

How did Karl Marx define religion?

A

Marx saw religion as a tool used by capitalist societies to perpetuate inequality and pacify the masses.

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6
Q

What are indigenous religions?

A

Religions based on local beliefs and practices of Indigenous peoples worldwide.

Features:
- connection to nature
- ancestor worship
- oral traditions

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7
Q

Describe the concept of Yin and Yang

A

A concept in chinese philosophy that symbolises how opposite forces are actually dependent on each other.

Yin - associated with darkness, coldness, femininity
Yang - associated with light, warmth and masculinity.

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8
Q

What are the three doctrines?

A

Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism.

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9
Q

Who founded Daoism and when?

A

Lao Tzu around 500 BC

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10
Q

What is ‘‘The Dao’’

A

The Dao is the natural order of the universe.
It is the power or principle that makes the universe move through the patterns and rhythms of nature.

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11
Q

What myth surrounds Laozi/Lao Tzu’s death?

A

He achieved immortality by turning his body into a non-perishable form and ascended to the heavens.

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12
Q

In Daoism, what is ‘‘De’’

A

Character, power, virtue.

In confucianism, it is moral worth - virtue.

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13
Q

In Confucianism, what is Ren?

A

'’benevolence.’’

An all-encompassing virtue that distinguishes the truly ethical person

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14
Q

In Daoism, what is a ‘‘Sheng’’ or ‘‘Shengrin’’?

A

A sage.

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15
Q

What is ‘‘Tian’’

A

The heavens/ sky
Fate/destiny

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16
Q

What is the ultimate goal of Daoism?

A

'’Chang Sheng’’ - immortality

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17
Q

What is the main purpose or teaching of Confucianism?

A

Confucianism encourages personal and governmental morality and the importance of correct social and familial relationships.

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18
Q

What are the 5 constant relationships in Confucianism?

A
  1. parent and child
  2. Spouses
  3. elder brother and younger brother
  4. Elder friends and younger friends
  5. Ruler and subject.
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19
Q

When did Buddhism emerge?

What was the Buddha’s name?

A

around 4-6th century.

Siddartha Guatama

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20
Q

What are the 3 main branches of Buddhism?

A

Theravada (the teaching of the elders)
- focus on early teachings.
- monks live and survive through the people
- follow the Vinaya (227 rules)

Mahayana (The Great Vehicle)
- bhodisattva ideal - Don’t enter nirvana, but remain with the peple

Vajrayana (The Diamond Vehicle)
- Esoteric practices and mantras

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21
Q

What are the 4 noble truths?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Dhukka - All life is suffering
  2. Tanka - The root cause of suffering lies in desire
  3. Nirodha - you can end this suffering

4 - Magga - You can end this suffering by following the 8 fold path

22
Q

What is the 8 fold path?
VISALEMC

Study These Flashcards
A

Right View
Right Intention
Right speech
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right mindfulness
Right concentration

23
Q

What is Dharma?

What are the 4 main Dharmic religions?

Study These Flashcards
A

Dharma refers to the cosmic law, moral order and duty that governs individuals and societies.

Budhhism, Jainism, Hinduism, Sikhism.

24
Q

What are the three main dieties in Hinduism?

Study These Flashcards
A

Brahma - Creation

Shiva - Destruction

Vishnu - Preservation

25
What is the ultimate goal in life according to Hinduism?
To overcome Samsara (incarnation) and achieve Moksha (union of Atman with Brahman)
26
What do Hindus call their religion and what does it mean?
Sanatana Dharam ''Eternal Law'' or ''Eternal Order''
27
What is Brahman?
The Ultimate, Eternal, Unchanging reality. It is formless and has no images or attributes. It is abstract and considered the essence of all existence.
28
Who is the founder of Sikhism? How many Sikhs are there today?
Guru Nanak around 24 million, mainly in the Punjab.
29
What is a Sikh place of worship called?
Gurdwara
30
What is the Sikh ideal?
To be a *sant sipahi* or a **warrior saint**
31
What does the term **sikh** mean? What does the term **guru** mean?
Sikh - learner Guru - teacher (remover of darkness)
32
What do Sikhs call God?
Waheguru
33
What books compose the Torah? GENLD
The first 5 books of the Tanakh or Pentateuch. **Genesis** - creation of the world, Adam and Eve, Prophets, Israelites **Exodus** - Israelite enslavement in Egypt, liberation through moses, 10 commandments, Covenant with God. **Leviticus** - focus on rituals, laws **Numbers** - Israelite journey through the wilderness, challenges, rebellions **Deuteronemy** -
34
After the end of Solomon's reign, what happened to the nation of Israel?
The kingdom was split into the north and the south. North was called Israel and the south was called Judah. The existence of the Kingdom of Israel is a matter of historical dispute
35
What does Torah mean in Hebrew?
it can mean teaching, direction, guidance and law.
36
What is the Talmud?
A kind of wider scriptural commpentary on the Torah which includes Jewish law, ethics, customs and history.
37
What is Yom Kippur?
''The Day of Attonement'' It is the holiest day in the Jewish calender. Dedicated to reprentence and reconciliation with God and others. includes a 25 hour fast from food and drink and various prohibitions.
38
What is the Shema?
One of the central prayers in Judaism which expresses the basic statement of faith/belief about the oneness of God: Shema means hear or listen: **Hear of Israel: the Lord is our God, the Lord is One.**
39
When were the gospels written?
between 65 and 100 AD.
40
What was Paul's view of the right relationship with God?
Justification by faith: That humans are made right with God not through actions or adherence to the Torah, but by faith in Jesus Christ. Following God is a gift of grace and not earned by human effort. Following moral rules is something done to show gratitude for what God did through Jesus' sacrifice on the cross.
41
When was the council of Nicaea held?
325AD. Condemned Arianism - that Jesus, while being divine, was not co eternal with God. This was condemned as heretical, and Christ was declared to be of the same substance of God.
42
What is the Incarnation?
Foundational Christian doctrine that refers to the belief that God the Son became flesh in the person of Jesus. It is the belief that Jesus is both fully divine and fully human.
43
What do Christians believe was the purpose of the Incarnation?
Through the incarnation, Jesus came to redeem humanity by living a sinless life and ultimately dying ont he cross to atone for the sins of the world. God revealed himself in a tangible, relateable way. God must have become fully human to fully represent humanity. He also had to be fully Divine to bring salvation.
44
Describe the doctrine of the Trinity
The Christian doctrine that God, although one, is three distinct but co-equal ''persons'' 1. The Father: The creator and sustainer 2. The son: The incarnate word of god who became human for the salvation of humanity. 3. The Holy Spirit: the presence of God active in the world, guiding believers.
45
What is the etymology of the word ''heresy''
the greek *Hairesis* which meant ''Choice''
46
What are the three big branches of Christianity?
Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Protestant
47
What is the Great Schism?
Also known as the East-West schism, it is the formal split between Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox. Occured in 1054. Cause: 1. Theological 2. Ecclesiastical authorty 3. Latin speaking west and greek speaking east -- cultural differences
48
Who founded Bahaism?
Mirza Husayn Ali Nuri.
49
What are the three central principles of Baha'ism
Oneness of God Oneness of religion Oneness of humanity
50
What are the Bahai prayer rituals?
There are three obligatory prayers. Bahais must choose one to do each day. 1. Long Obligatory prayer - any time. 2. Medium Obligatory prayer - three times a day. between dawn and noon, between noon and sunset, and between sunset and midnight. 3. short obligatory prayer - once a day - between noon and sunset. All prayers performed in private.
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World Religions (2 decks)

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