world views midterm definition Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
metanoia
A
getting above the mind, the transformation of the perspective, repent and looking at things differently
2
Q
future contingents
A
facts that could be or could fail to be , we don’t know yet ex the sun will rise tomorrow
3
Q
divine foreknowledge
A
god knows in advance what is going to happen in the future but from his point of view, its not necessarily the future
4
Q
imago dei
A
the image of god, ex the humans made in the image of god
5
Q
first cause
A
god is the origin of the universe, he is the beginning of the series
6
Q
omnipotent
A
all powerful
7
Q
Manichaeism
A
a variety made of several religions, the melding together of religions
8
Q
cognitive theme vs counter theme
A
cognitive theme is the view of the world that is prioritized ( time linear) and the counter theme is the view not prioritized (time goes in a circle)
9
Q
timaeus
A
platonic dialogue on the creation of the universe
10
Q
divine simplicity
A
idea that god is a single simple thing, he is one. there are no parts or distinct features to god
11
Q
omniscience
A
all knowing
12
Q
evil as privation
A
evil is not something as itself but the deprivation of something you should have ex absence of the rectitude of will leads to sin
13
Q
the world/logos
A
God
Logos: word spoken by God through christ
14
Q
typology
A
Study of the relationships between different things in the bible (old and new testament) Read the old through the new
15
Q
syncretism
A
Syncretism is the process of combining different beliefs, practices, or cultures into a new, cohesive system. ex: manichaeism, christianity sort of). sometimes generates tension.
16
Q
via negativa/ via affirmativa
A
ways to access god’s nature
negativa: deny things he is not ex: god doesn’t have … (finding what he is by saying what he is not)
affirmativa: characteristics he has. ex: god is a spirit
17
Q
etic vs emic analysis
A
outsiders approach with your own knowledge
18
Q
wheel of fortune
A
seen in boethius. over course of your life you are ascending and descending depending on what exterior factors affect you
19
Q
hyperousias
A
superessence, a being transcendent to being, beyond everything god
20
Q
apophatic/negative theology ***
A
attempt to get to whatever the divine would be without giving it definite characteristics
21
Q
perfectibility
A
idea that says that there is no limit to how good you can be
22
Q
holism
A
a view that the whole is more than the sum of its parts. a view that a system cannot be understood by only its characteristics isolated
23
Q
onthological argument
A
Anselm’s second attempt to prove god existence from the fact that its impossible to think of something greater
24
Q
essence
A
the thing that is/ the nature of the thing
25
prédestination
everything that happens was meant to happen, god knew it and made it happen
26
epistemology
study of knowledge
27
demiurge
plato sees god as a craftsmen, not really the stature of the christian god
28
fall of man
loss of rectitude and descent into sin, Adam in the garden of Adam and Eve
29
ex nihilo nihil
nothing comes from nothing, a view that contrasts with go making the world from nothing
30
comptemptus mundi
competent of the world , neoplatonism, take an attitude of rejection on the physical world
31
perfection
god's attributes, sometimes problematic
32
ego sum qui sum
i am that I am (what god answered Moses) goes back to divine simplicity god being one entity
33
anachronism**
interpret something that makes no sense giving the period you are in ex a painting from 1500 with someone with a cellphone
34
pelagianism
heresy, belief that there is no original sin because Jesus said to be perfect so people should also be able to be perfect
35
pantheism
god is the same thing as nature, we are aspects of god. everything is a manifestation of the divine
36
everlasting
always been there and will always be there, has a future
37
credo quia absurdum
I believe because it is absurd, stop trusting yourself and trust god
38
neo platonism
spiritual and material reality blending plato, stoics and Aristotles views. emphasizes the existence of a single ultimate source of reality
39
synchronic/diachronic
synchronic: Synchronic analysis examines a phenomenon at a specific point in time, without considering historical context or changes over time.
diachronic: Diachronic analysis, in contrast, studies the evolution and changes of a phenomenon over time.
40
equivocation
fallacy of using the same word in two different ways with two different meanings. leads to confusion and or misinterpretation. undermines clarity of an argument
41
city of god
community that has caritas, that loves god more than themselves
42
materialism
there are no spiritual minds, only matter and physical stuff.
43
unmoved mover
Aristotle, way to talk about God. First Cause. World is continuous movement, God is what makes everything move. He does not move
44
temporal vs ontological
temporal: Temporal relates to time. It encompasses concepts, events, and entities that exist within the framework of time and are subject to temporal change or progression.
ontological: Ontological pertains to the nature of being, existence, and reality. It explores what kinds of entities exist and the nature of those entities. God is not necessarily before us, but the ground
45
anthropomorphism
the attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a god, animal, or object. example of god sitting on a cloud
46
chain of being
reality being organized in a hierarchic way
47
determinism
idea that comes out of free will. means that everything happens happens as it does because it is predetermined
48
participation
the participation of material things in the form of nature
49
necessity vs contingency
necessity are the things that must be and contingency are the things that could be
50
orthodoxy
correct opinion that goes with the official view of the church
51
ethnocentrism
putting your culture at the center of your understanding
52
christian universalism/universal salvation
everything goes back to god even if it did bad things, the soul is purished slowly. Suggests towards god love and mercy that extends to everyone whoever they are and whatever they have done
53
sea battle ******
The basic premise is as follows: Imagine a situation where a ship is sailing in the sea, and there is a battle occurring. A philosopher might ask whether it is possible to know in advance whether there will be a battle at sea tomorrow. If it can be determined that there will or won’t be a battle, this raises questions about free will—specifically, whether people have the ability to make choices that affect future events, or if those events are predetermined
54
revelation
a direct communication from god
55
will
human faculty of choice. power to choose, choices we make.
56
priority
the order of importance, existence, or causation among entities, ideas, or principles.
57
substance
the fundamental essence or nature of something that underlies its properties and characteristics. Substance as distinguished from his accidents.
58
paradox
opinion you need ti accept but contradicts something else you want to say. no obvious way out
59
heresy
any view in a religious context that is rejected
60
humanism
humans having a certain goodness, optimism of christianity
61
donatism **
an orthodox view that god doesn't depend on the goodness of the bread. the sacrements are pure anyways
62
spontaneity
something that flows directly out of your nature, actions and events occur without external cause or premeditation
63
caritas vs cupiditas
caritas: love towards god and charity/generosity aimed at god
cupiditas; selfish love
64
millenarianism
the world goes through a fundamental transition every 1000 years
65
weltanschauung
world view. original concept, direct translation. how people see the world
66
theology
Theology is the study of the nature of God, religious beliefs, and the practice of faith. It seeks to understand, interpret, and explain the divine and its relationship with humanity, the world, and existence as a whole. Starting point is faith.
67
compatibilism
free will is compatible with the fact that everything is predetermined
68
saving remnant
god is taking only a small amount of people and not the majority (Noah's ark)
69
fideism
faith is prior to reason, hostility towards reason
70
prevenient grace
grace that god gives you in order to convert you. refers to the grace of god that precedes human action and enables individuals to respond to gods call for salvation
71
slave to sin
because of Adam sinning in the garden of eden, we have lost rectitude and are now slaves to sin
72
predication
logical relationship, all men are mortals
73
theodicy ***
justice of god
74
eternal
timeless, temporal order has clear limits with a beginning and an end
75
active vs passive intellect
sense experience capable of receiving vs it being in the mind. (passive)
when you think about it: active
76
anchorite/anchoress
hermit person who removed from society for religious reasons. you're like dead to the world. a way to live out your religious devotions. Kampe
(live in prison cell attached to church)
77
antropocentrism
human centered, world centered around humanity, world and universe created for humans
78
antinomiaism
anti law
idea that once we know that were saved/justified by faith, you're not justified by law
after you're saved, law does not apply to you. doesn't matter what you do because you're saved anyways
79
arianism
correct interpretation of trinity is only one god with three creations. god has a dual nature
80
ascetisism
practice of self denial meant to purify the soul
81
atonement
reconciliation of you and god
82
blasphemy
speech or action that shows comptent or lack of competition for god
83
christendom
kingdom, territory ruled by christianity, christian world, places were its dominant
84
christology
study of christ within theology
85
consubstantiality
christ consubstantial with father and spirit, share substance
86
cosmopolitism
seeing the whole universe as on single entity, unit
87
demonstration
-comes out of Aristotle philosophy
-deductions that give you scientific knowledge
-syllogism that issue scientific knowledge
88
ens necessarium
the necessary being (god). must exist
all the things are contingent in the sense that they could fail to be true so not ens necessarium
89
essence vs existence
essence what the nature of the being is
existence if it truly exist
ex unicorns: can describe the nature of a unicorn but doesn't show it exists
can draw this distinction to contingent beings
90
filioque ??
from the son. source of controversy christianity.
Holy Spirit comes out of the god, the father and the son. if you don’t say he also comes from the son, you’re not giving enough respect to the son
91
final cause
the end that explains the thing. the function. the master cause
ex the final cause of the chair is sitting
92
godhead
the divine essence
93
haecceity
thisniss. the determining factor that makes an individual distinct and individual
94
hair shirt
ascetic instrument. used in self denial, self mortification. separate yourself from pleasure
95
hylomorphism
aristotles view of what it is to be a substance, a composite form of matter. the idea that everything we encounter is composed of matter
96
imitation dei
an imitation of god
97
intellectual substance
does not have a body, matter and form
98
intercession
prayers that ask someone to intervene on your behalf, to get gods power on your side
99
limbo ??
the outer edge of hell,
100
messiah
the anointed one. christ
101
mysticism
the attempt to unify with the divine
102
natural law
rules governing human relationships, ethical orientation that tells us how we ought to behave, humans have requirement to leaves in accord to this natural order. laws made by society
103
nicene creed
text written by Anselm in 325 is a statement of the christian faith
104
nominalism v realism ***
disagreement in the philosophy of language : definition of concepts ex: humanity. they disagree on what humanity is.
Nom: concept is just a name, humanity is just the humans in the room.
Rea: humanity is the shared characteristic of humaness
105
numerical identity
two things are the same
using identity as quantitive identity
a thing can only be numerical identical to itself. distinguished from others
106
passion
slides
107
pollution
contamination of the purity of the soul
sin = pollution
108
prime matter
something you never encounter but that is imply, it is indefinite, abstraction of matter that we see
109
principales of continuity gradation plenitude
contiunuity
gradation
plenitude
3 principles in the great chain of being, it is full therefor it has to be continuous they are graded with hierarchy therefor gradation
110
principle of sufficient reason
nothing is without reason, can pursue some kind of explanation
111
purgatory
idea of a transition in. the afterlife. where you will have your sins purged from you. people there are punished but know they will go to heaven after
112
quiddity
the whateness of a thing, its essence. ours, is humanity
113
sabellianism
interpretation of the trinity, sabellius idea that there are three things to god
114
spiritual body
you get the resurrection of the body, the spiritual body. you are still a body, higher form, in the after life.
115
substantial form
reference to the essence of something, the quiddity. combination of matter and form. what shapes you into the individual you are
116
suffering servant
Isaiah, person who is forced to suffer for the sins of all. Jesus is the suffering servant predicted in the old testament
117
summum bonum
highest good. highest kind of life you can have
in Christian vue its the life devoted to god
118
teleology
explains thing by referencing to the end or the purpose they serve
119
theological virtues
faith hope and charity
additions to the traditional cardinal virtues of justice wisdom temperance courage
120
transcendentals
being
one/unity
truth
goodness
are the original transcendentals
121
universals*
general realities
122
voluntarism
particular approaches to whatever god wills rather than his intellect
123
