World War I Flashcards
A: World War I: "The Great War" 1914-1918 B: WWI: Battlefields C: Treaty of Versailles (35 cards)
A
Mania
A craze, overexcitement, excessive enthusiasium.
A
Causes of WWI
M: militarism A: alliances N: nationalism I: imperialism A: assassination
A
How did it start WWI
M: made people want to fight; created many available soldiers and weapons so people could fight
A: Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Triple Entente: Great Britain, France, Russia
European countries allied with each other; meant that one country got into a fight with each other; drag many countries in
N: made people willing to fight for country or made people willing to fight to create their own country
I: cause European countries to compete with and distrust each other; believed that whoever had the more colonies had more power
A: Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Sarajero in 1914 (next heir or ruler of Austrian-Hungarjan throne)
A
Simple layout of how WWI started
i. Germany
ii. Austria-Hungary
iii. Serbia
iv. Russia
v. Britain/France
A
What did Germany do to start the war?
Austria-Hungary allied with Germany gave them a blank check (statement say that they will support Austria-Hungary) to go to war.
A
What did Austria-Hungary do?
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
A
Who did Russia allied with?
Russia allied with Serbia and declares war on Austria-Hungary.
A
Who did Germany declare war on?
Germany declared war on France and Russia.
A
Where did Germany invade to invade France?
Germany invades Belgium (neutral) to invade France.
A
Who did Belgium ally to declare war on Germany?
Belgium allied with Great Britain and Britain declares war on Germany.
A
Where were the central powers? The Allies?
Central Power: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
Allies: Great Britain (Australia, New Zealand, Canada, India), France, Russia, United States, Italy, Japan, Brazil
A
Extra Notes
i. WWI was the world’s first total war.
ii. fighting took place in Europe, war involved most of Europe, United States, Japan.
iii. India and Australia sent troops and supplies for mother country to use.
iv. 8.5 million soldiers killed in war, 37 millions civilians and soldiers died; so much died, Europe lost a generation of young men known as the Lost Generation.
B
Western Front (Northern France)
What did Germany develop?
Germanyd eveloped a strategy called the Schliffen Plan: quickly attacking and defeating France first and then heading east and fighting Russia.
i. plan ruined by First Battle of Marne: Germany was defeated and could not conquer France.
ii. Germany had to fight war on two fronts.
B
Western Front (Northern France)
What did war on the western front become?
War on the Western Front became a stalemate (point where further progress is blocked, a deadlock) and resulted in trench warfare: soldiers fought each other from trenches (ditches)
i. “no man’s land”: space between enemy trenches
B
Western Front (Northern France)
What did the new weapons do?`
New weapons killed more people more effectively.
i. tank: armored combat vehicle
ii. poisonous gas
iii. submarine: shot at ships with torpedoes (underwater missiles)
B
Eastern Front (involves Russia and Germany)
Why did Russia lose even though they had many soliders?
Russia had a lot of soldiers but lost because it was not industrialized and was always short on supplies.
B
Eastern Front (involves Russia and Germany)
What did Russia’s heavy losses cause?
Russia’s heavy losses caused Czar Nicholas II to give up his power and new leader Lenin signed a truce with Germany called the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1917.
B
Gallipoli (coast of Turkey)
Why did allies try to attack the area?
Allies tried to attack the area because it was the entrance to the Ottoman Empire so they could establish a supply line to Russia and defeat one of the central powers.
B
Gallipoli (coast of Turkey)
What did the battles turned into? What was the result?
Battles turned into stalemate, resulted many deaths and allies eventually gave up.
B
America
When did America join the war?
America joined war on the side of Allies in 1917.
B
America
Why did America join the war?`
a. America joined the war because:
i. Germany practiced unrestricted submarine warfare (submarines sink ships without warning)
~sunk Lusitania (British passenger ship that carried weapons) and killed 128 Americans.
ii. America angered by the Zimmerman Telegraph: a note Germany sent to Mexico that the US intercepted, note said that Germany would help Mexico get back the land they use to own if Mexico would join war on Germany’s side.
b. America joining the war was important to Allies because they provided fresh troops and a lot of supplies.
B
Home Front
What happened in the Home Front?
a. Governments took control of the economy (told factories what to produce and how much)
i. rationing: government controlled resources that were important to war effort and people could only buy certain small amounts of this item.
b. Government used propaganda [info (words, images, etc) spread to manipulate people’s beliefs and behavior].
c. Women got involved in war effort (worked in factories, took over jobs of men).
B
Allies Win the War
What happens when Allies win the war?
Germany ran out of men and supplies after four long years of fighting and surrendered on 11/11/1918.
C
The Big Four
What were the Big Four?
The Big Four: major decision makers of the Treaty of Versailles.
