World War I

Question 1

Who were the Great Powers?

Answer 1

Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Russia

Question 2

imperialism

Answer 2

one nation acquiring, controlling, or dominating another country/region

Question 3

Triple Alliance

Answer 3

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy - Italy later joined Triple Entente

Question 4

Triple Entente (Allies)

Answer 4

Britain, France, Russia

Question 5

Who wanted control of the Balkans and why?

Answer 5

Russia - promoted Pan-Slavism, wanted access to region’s warm-water ports because its own ports were frozen in winter
Austria-Hungary - saw Pan-Slavism as a threat to power
Ottoman Empire - had controlled Balkans for more than 100 years, feared losing more territory

Question 6

What was the Black Hand?

Answer 6

• terrorist group of Bosnian Serbs that wanted to free Serbia from Austria-Hungary
• wanted to unite Slavic people and form “Greater Serbia”

Question 7

Gavrilo Princip

Answer 7

• Black Hand member, shot Austro-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wfie
• murdered them in 1914, at Bosnian capital of Sarajevo

Question 8

Where were Canadian soldier trained?

Answer 8

Camp Valcartier in Quebec

Question 9

Sam Hughes

Answer 9

• Minister of Militia, created Shell Committee to manufacture artillery shells
• made poor quality products like Canadian Ross Rifle

Question 10

War Measures Act

Answer 10

• introduced by PM Borden in 1914

- government given authority to do everything necessary for defence of Canada

Question 11

Battle of the Marne

Answer 11

• September, 1914
• Allies rallied against the German’s here, stopped the progress of the Schlieffen Plan
• led to beginning of trench warfare

Question 12

war of attrition

Answer 12

exhausting enemy’s manpower/resources before yours are exhausted

Question 13

ace

Answer 13

pilot who has shot down five enemy aircraft

Question 14

merchant marine

Answer 14

Canadian civilian ships that transported food, weapons, and munitions to Britain

Question 15

Naval Service Act

Answer 15

• introduced in 1910 by PM Wilfred Laurier
• authorized building of Canadian warships
• would be under Canadian control, but could be turned over to Britain if war broke out

Question 16

How did the Allies counter the German U-boats?

Answer 16

• development of convoy system (ships travelling together with armed destroyers)
• development of underwater listening device to locate/destroy U-boats

Question 17

What made the Americans enter the war?

Answer 17

• their ships kept getting sunk by German U-boats
• February 1917, Germans announced U-boats would sink any ship within war zone around Britain, even if not from Allied countries (Lusitania)
• Germany promised to support Mexico if it attacked the US
• US entered war on April 2, 1917

Question 18

What did PM Borden replace the Shell Committee with?

Answer 18

• Imperial Munitions Board

- built ships, airplanes, and shells

Question 19

What initiatives did the government launch to finance the war?

Answer 19

• Victory Bonds - could cash in when war was over, raised close to $2 billion
• Honour Rationing - civilian effort to consume less on home front, less butter and sugar, “Meatless Fridays,” “Fuel-less Sundays”
• 1917 Income Tax - between 1-15% of income, supposed to be temporary
• Corporate Tax - charged businesses 4% of revenue

Question 20

Women and Suffrage

Answer 20

• during war, increased industrial production created demand for labour, women hired for all types of work
• employers thought women would return to work in homes after war, but they wanted the right to vote
• Manitoban women received right to vote in January 1916, all women had right to vote federally by 1918, except Aboriginals and immigrants

Question 21

Halifax Explosion

Answer 21

• Halifax was a major base for refuelling/repairing Allied warships
• December 6, 1917 - SS Mont Blanc hit by another ship, killed more than 2000, injured more than 9000

Question 22

Military Service Act

Answer 22

• introduced in 1917 by PM Borden after learning how many men would be needed for Vimy Ridge
• made conscription compulsory for all men between 20 and 45

Question 23

Why was Quebec opposed to conscription?

Answer 23

• many French Canadian were farmers needed at home
• felt no connection to Britain or France
• few officers spoke French
• opposed by Henri Bourassa, a Quebec nationalist

Question 24

How did PM Borden try to gain support during the 1917 Khaki Election?

Answer 24

• Military Voters Act - allowed men/women serving overseas to vote
• Wartime Elections Act - gave vote to Canadian women related to servicemen, cancelled vote for conscientious objectors/immigrants
• Union Government - convinced Liberals/independents supporting conscription to form wartime union gov, Liberals under Laurier lost support outside of Quebec due to Laurier’s refusal of conscription

Question 25

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Answer 25

- signed March 3, 1918 by Russia and Central Powers | - Russia stopped fighting, freed German troops on Eastern Front to fight on Western Front

Question 26

Hundred Days Campaign

Answer 26

- final Allied offensive against Central Powers on Western Front - series of attacks from August to November, 1918 - Canadians under General Currie won battles at Arras, Cambrai, Valenciennes

Question 27

Paris Peace Conference

Answer 27

- took place in 1919, lasted 6 months - Borden demanded Canada have its own seat, insisted he sign Treaty of Versailles - first time Canada gained recognition as independent nation

Question 28

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 28

- signed June 28, 1919 - included War Guilt Clause - Germany had to accept sole responsibility for causing war - Germany's territory reduced, had to pay war reparation of $30 billion, army restricted to 100 000 men, had to surrender navy, no air force - formed League of Nations