world war II Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
adolf hitler’s aggression:
A
he used propaganda
2
Q
germany occupied
A
the rhineland
3
Q
france was responsible for
A
enforcing the treaty of versailles
4
Q
instead,
A
they accepted german action
5
Q
rome - what was created
A
the berlin axis
6
Q
britain and france
A
appeased germany
7
Q
appeasement
A
prevents war (“surrender on the installment plan”)
8
Q
who was annexed
A
austria (german speaking), the sudetenland (ethic germans)
9
Q
hitler pledged:
A
“this is the last territorial claim i have to make in europe”
10
Q
munich conference
A
gave hitler what he wanted
11
Q
six months after the munich conference…
A
hitler took over the rest of czechoslovakia
12
Q
turning point
A
hitler had no excuse
13
Q
britain and france realized
A
that they no longer could appease germany
14
Q
britain and france concluded
A
security treaties with poland
15
Q
germany invaded
A
poland
16
Q
germany signed
A
a mutual non-aggression pact with russia
17
Q
world war II began in
A
europe
18
Q
blitzkrieg
A
lightning war - coordinated air and ground offensive
19
Q
dunkirk
A
germans forced the british and french to retreat to britain (they left their weapons!)
20
Q
battle of britain
A
the german luftwaffe bombed england repeatedly for five months, hitler prepared for an invasion that was later postponed, first conflict in history to be decided solely by air power, later germany hit england with V-2 rockets
21
Q
churchill called more germans being killed than british…
A
“our finest hour”
22
Q
barbarossa
A
germany attacked russia
23
Q
who did most of the fighting in ww2
A
the soviets (not the western powers) which caused them to receive most of the land
24
Q
operation torch
A
north africa, britain and america vs germany, tank warfare, george s. patton vs erwin rommel
25
operation husky
invasion of sicily, u.s. used mafia to fight the axis, british and u.s. troops were able to gain a stepping stone to the mainland of europe
26
d-day (operation overlord)
german forces were shot on the coast of france (normandy), allies pushed back germans, eventually took back paris
27
who led d-day
gen dwight d. eisenhower
28
who was gen dwight d. eisenhower
supreme commander of western europe
29
battle of the bulge
last german offense, germany retreated
30
hitler committed
suicide
31
victory day
may 8th, 1945
32
what led to the attack on pearl harbor
US/japanese relations worsened
33
the united states felt morally responsible to...
halt the exportation of goods which fueled the japanese military (moral embargo - oil/scrap iron)
34
what was stationed at pearl harbor, hawaii
the u.s. pacific fleet
35
tripartite agreement
germany, italy, japan (axis powers)
36
for japan, the attack on pearl harbor was an...
offensive-defense
37
the moral embargo was a threat to japan's...
ability to make their own choices concerning the future of east asia
38
the embargo was designed to
persuade japan to america's point of view
39
japan needed to wipe out the deterrent in the pacific
but that winter would've been too late (they could win a short war)
40
the attack was successful, except
three u.s. aircraft carriers were out at sea and oil storage tanks/dry docks were not touched
41
japan did not...
send out a third wave of planes
42
pearl harbor was therefore rebuilt,
maintaining the deterrent in the pacific
43
pearl harbor was more important after the war began because
it kept the u.s. navy close to action (midway was coming)
44
pearl harbor was a backdoor into
world war 2
45
atlantic conference
roosevelt and churchill met secretly off the coast of canada
46
four freedoms speech
brought on because of hitlers aggression in europe
47
what did FDR and WC decide
that germany would be the first objective; japan the second (otherwise the US would have to fight the nazis alone)
48
eight points based on
wilson's fourteen points
49
cognitive dissonance
refusal to believe the obvious
50
the u.s. joined ww2 after
pearl harbor
51
halting the...
japanese advances
52
the coral sea (australia)
fight for japanese drive south, japan's victory (in numbers; they sank the aircraft carrier lexington), america's victory (strategically; they stopped the japanese drive south)
53
midway islands
aircraft carrier battle, americans were breaking japan's code, americans were ambushed by the japanese
54
guadalcanal (the solomon islands)
japanese airbase, "active defense" by the allies would lead to the retaking of the philippines, hand-to-hand combat, japanese evacuated
55
the u.s. took back the
philippines
56
"island hopping"
marianas, iwo jima (flag raising), okinawa
57
this led to the preparation of an...
invasion of japan
58
president harry s. truman dropped
a-bombs instead ("fat man" and "little boy")
59
the "manhattan project"
hiroshima and nagasaki (industrial target)
60
japan surrendered
formal instrument of surrender = sept. 3
61
the u.s. mobilized for war by
supplying the allies
62
cash and carry
allowed nations to obtain non-military supplies if they paid cash and carried it on their own ships
63
the neutrality acts
tied roosevelt's hand too much and worsened the economy (this undid both)
64
roosevelt had the arms embargo changed from belligerents to
"cash and carry" to help the allies
65
destroyer for bases
the u.s. provided old destroyers to protect shipments of supplies to great britatin
66
the undeclared war
"shoot on sight" orders were issued to u.s. destroyers and merchant ships were armed (targeted u-boats)
67
lend-lease
lent materials to countries whose defense seemed vital to the defense of the u.s. regardless of its inability to pay (ex. gb and ussr)
68
undeclared war became worse
u.s. ships were armed and carrying goods to england
69
arsenal of
democracy
70
the war revitalized
the american economy
71
how did the war revitalize american economy
no strikes, unemployment went down (women and minorities were hired), earnings increased, first peace draft in u.s. history
72
american industrial output determined
the eventually allied victory over the axis
73
american military output more than doubled the axis output...
winning a war of attrition
74
war of attrition
a war of constant abuse to wear down the enemy (outproduce them)
75
japan and germany underestimated the...
production power of the u.s.
76
rationing
gas, coffee, sugar, canned food, stockings
77
war bonds
raised money for the war
78
income tax
the number of people paying increased
79
rosie the riveter
symbol for female factory workers
80
rosie the riveter (pt.2)
replaced men in factories, sense of pride for women, women were paid lower than men
81
internment camps
japanese relocation camps
82
internment camps were used to relocate...
japanese-americans
83
how did the u.s. make up for putting japanese-americans into internment camps?
they apologized and paid
84
442nd
the most decorated unit in the american army during ww2
85
the atlantic conference (charter)
roosevelt and churchill decided to enact self-determination, the right of a nation to determine their own government through elections, designed to build long lasting world peace
86
casablanca (morroco)
roosevelt and churchill decided not to accept anything less than "unconditional surrender"
87
the tehran conference (iran)
roosevelt, churchill, and stalin (stalin wanted a ton of nazis executed)
88
the west promised...
a large offensive
89
europe would be divided...
by the middle (stalin's triumph)
90
europe would be liberated by...
the soviets
91
yalta (russia)
expanded the soviet role in far east (fight against japan)
92
roosevelt pushed for
a united nations (he had to keep u.s. troops out of peace time europe but died two months after this conference)
93
harry s. truman
fdr's successor
94
potsdam (germany)
harry s. truman was kept in the dark about roosevelts deals with stalin, he learned of the successful test of the a-bomb at the conference (necessary evil), he cut off lend-lease to the soviets
95
in ww2, it became acceptable to
target civilians (IMPORTANT)
96
lesson learned --->
the price of appeasement
97
the holocaust
death by fire, approved by adolf hitler
98
what does the capital "H" in the holocaust mean?
indicates the period of time when jews were killed and persecuted
99
the nuremberg laws deprived jews of...
german citizenship and reduced them to the status of "subjects"
100
marriage between who was outlawed?
jews and aryans
101
aryan
a caucasian with no jewish blood
102
the jewish question
where to put the jewish population?
103
the ghetto
isolated neighborhoods of jews
104
the final solution
systematic extermination by industrial methods of an entire population
105
adolf eichmann
nazi official in charge of the extermination program (trains, ghettos, camps)
106
auschwitz
a collection of camps and factories in poland (worst and most deadly)
107
joseph mengele
the angel of death, he would whistle and sing as he killed people, he experimented on people
108
dachau (u.s. military) (set precedence)
100% conviction rate, men were not persecuted for certain crimes
109
nuremberg trials (international)
prosecuted nazi officers (they gave the orders), ESTABLISHED THE PRINCIPLE THAT OBEDIENCE TO A NATION"S WARTIME POLICIES DOES NOT EXCUSE THE GUILT FOR CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY
