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History > World War II > Flashcards

World War II Flashcards

1
Q

Major causes of World War II

A

Major causes of World War II

  1. Mistreatment of Germany under the Versailles treaty
  2. The Great Depression leads to the rise of dictators in Europe
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2
Q

What did dictators promise

A

Dictators promise to get countries out of the depression and bring prosperity.

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3
Q

What four extreme governments would rise and why?

A 
Rise of four extreme forms of government: WHY?
• people were desperate 
1. Communism: Russia/Soviet Union - 1917
2. Fascism: Italy/Spain
3. Nazism: Germany 
4. Militarism: Japan
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4
Q

What ideologies did these extreme form of governments share

A

They all shared the ideologies/beliefs:

  1. demanded fanatic loyalty to their leaders/country
  2. Totalitarian states where the police/gov. Control everything. People had no rights t
  3. Racism: superiority of their race
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5
Q

• Kartl Marx -

A

Founder of Marxism

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6
Q

Communism
- when did it begin
What was this called

A
  • Kartl Marx - founder - “Marxism”:

* Communism - 1917 - Bolshevik Revolution

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7
Q

Who comes to power after the death of Vladimir Lenin

A

• Joseph Stalin comes to power after death of Vladimir Lenin (ruthless person)

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8
Q

Who was the leader of Italy?

What two things did he do?

A

Italy (Fascists)
• leader was Benito Mussolini - (IL Duce) came to power by force in 1922
• He abolished democracy and outlawed all political parties
• Puts all enemies in prison

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9
Q

Who was the leader of Spain

A

Spain (Fascists)

• Francisco Franco

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10
Q

Germany

- how did the Great Depression effect this country?

A

• Germany hit real hard by the Great Depression

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11
Q

What is the name of the German government and what happened to it?

A

Democratic government- Weimar Republic set up after WWII - collapses

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12
Q

In the early twenties who joins the nazi party (national socialist Germans workers party)
• In 1922 who tries to overthrow the government

A

In the early twenties hitler joins the nazi party (national socialist Germans workers party)
• In 1922 the Nazis try to overthrow the government

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13
Q

• Mein Kampf

A

“My Struggle” - Nazis “Bible”

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14
Q

Master race

A

= Aryan people/pure Germans

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15
Q

• The _________ is elected into power in the 1930’s

A

• The nazi party/hitler is elected into power in the 1930’s

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16
Q

How does Adolf Hitler come to power?

A
  1. He promises to get the German people out of the depression (prosperity)
  2. He promises revenge for German mistreatment in the Versailles Treaty.
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17
Q

Brown shirts =

  • beginning of the _______. ______ Nazi Empire
  • What do they abolish
  • where do their enemies go?
A

Brown Shirts (stormtroopers) - help Hitler to get elected (militia)
• beginning of the “Third Reich” Nazi Empire
• Abolishes democracy and outlaws all political parties
• Puts all enemies in prison!

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18
Q

Set up a police state: name the two groups

A

Sets up a police state: 2 groups
• Gestapo: German secret police
• Black shirts (SS): becomes hitlers personal army - EVIL!!!

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19
Q

Swastika/“Blood Flag” -

A

symbol of the Nazis

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20
Q

Hitlers campaign to cleanse Germany!

3 points

A

Hitlers campaign to cleanse Germany!
• hitlers “Master race” - aryans (blond, blue eyed, white)
• Hitler wanted to cleanse the German people from the “undesirables” of the world. (Inferior people)
• Hitler called them “Untermensch” means sub human

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21
Q

Undesirable groups

A 
Undesirable groups
• polish/Russian - Slavs
• Roma (gypsies) 
• Jehovah witness
• Homosexuals
• Handicapped
• Blacks 
• Jews (anti-semitism - Jewish hatred)
Hitler considered Americans to be “Mongrels” - impure mixed breed
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22
Q 
What was the HJ?
How old were boys and girls that entered the HJ Youth?
How were girls trained
How were boys trained
Where they loyal to hitler? 
What were they brainwashed with? 
Who were Hitlers greatest supporters
A

Hitler youth - HJ - 13-18 yrs old
• boys/girls
• Girls were trained to be strong mothers - produce strong children
• Boys were trained to be good soldiers
• All were brain washes with Nazis propaganda in school
• They became fanatically loyal to hitler
• Hitler Youth and the SS were hitlers greatest supporters

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23
Q 
Who were the main target of the Nazis? 
Define scapegoat? 
Define Nuremberg Laws
How were these group do people segregated?
Where could they not go?
What were people forbidden to do?
What jobs could they do?
What was hitler hoping they would do?
A

Jews were the main target of the Nazis hatred
• scapegoat - blamed for all problems
• 1933 - Nuremberg Laws - anti Jeremiah laws in Germany
• Segregated and labeled with a “Star of David”
• Could not go to public places: schools, theater, hospitals etc
• Forbidden to marry a Jew
• Restricted to manual labor jobs
• It was an attempt by hitler to get them to leave!

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24
Q

Kristallnacht

A

“night of broken glass” - 1938

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25
Q

Pogrom

A

• a pogrom (organize massacre) against the German Jewish community in Germany

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26
Q

Many German Jews tried to immigrate to other countries but most were not let in!
WHY?

A

THE GREAT DEPRESSION - no jobs

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27
Q

Japan: rise of _________ (glorification of war) “militarists” ran government
• the military government is headed by a militarist named? He takes over
• The Japanese emperor - _________ - becomes a _________

A

Japan: rise of militarism (glorification of war) “militarists” ran government
• the military government is headed by a militarist names Hideki Tojo takes over
• The Japanese emperor - Hirohito - becomes a puppet

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28
Q

How do we get resources?

A

Conquest

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29
Q

What was Japan’s main goal

A

To create an Asian Empire

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30
Q

• Pan-Asianism -

A

• Pan-Asianism - unify all Asian countries as throw off chains of European imperialists

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31
Q

Japan Takes over ______ in 1910

• 1930s China is in the middle of a _______ war - who vs. who

A
  • Takes over Korea in 1910

* 1930s China is in the middle of a civil war - nationalists vs. communists

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32
Q

Japan’s (first target in 1930’s) -
• 1931 Japan invades and conquers _______ - puppet state
• 1937 - goes to war with ______ - second Sino-Japanese War

A

Japan’s (first target in 1930’s) - Manchuria (China)
• 1931 Japan invades and conquers Manchuria - puppet state
• 1937 - goes to war with China - second Sino-Japanese War

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33
Q

Rape of Nanking

A

Rape of Nanking - the forgotten holocaust of WWII

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34
Q

When did war begin

A

War began September 3, 1939

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35
Q

Italy’s goal is to restore the _______ Empire and create an ________ empire
• 🇪🇹 ________ (first target) invades and conquers in 1933!

A

Italy’s goal is to restore the Roman Empire and create an African empire
• 🇪🇹 Ethiopia (first target) invades and conquers in 1933!

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36
Q

Germany’s goal is to create a _________ Empire
• 1936 - Rhineland (occupies) -
• 1936 - Spanish civil war:
• 1938 - Germany invades 🇦🇹 Austria -
• 1938 - Germany invades Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia

A

Germany’s goal is to create a European Empire
• 1936 - Rhineland (occupies) - demilitarized zone/buffer between France and Germany
• 1936 - Spanish civil war: “dress rehearsal for WWII”
• 1938 - Germany invades 🇦🇹 Austria - “Anschluss” (unification with Germany)
• 1938 - Germany invades Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia

37
Q

Problem: the _______ of _______ (peace keeping organization) does _________ to drop the aggression of Japan, Italy, and Germany.
• WHY?

A

Problem: the League of Nations (peace keeping organization) does nothing to drop the aggression of Japan, Italy, and Germany.
• WHY?
• FEAR WAR!!!

38
Q

Munich Pact: 1938
- Neville Chamberlain:
- appeasement policy:
- 1939 - hitler takes over all of _________
• 1939 - hitler threatens to take _______! - they think he is bluffing!
Germany would have another two front war! - France and the Soviet Union - not make this mistake again

A

Neville Chamberlain - prime minister of Great Britain - appeasement policy: gives in to hitlers demands to avoid war!
• 1939 - hitler takes over all of Czechoslovakia
• 1939 - hitler threatens to take Poland! - they think he is bluffing! Germany would have another two front war! - France and the Soviet Union - not make this mistake again
•

39
Q

Molotov Ribbentrop Pact -

A

German-Soviet Non-Agression Pact - alliance between them!

40
Q

When does WWII officially begin?

A

World War II officially begins when Germany invades the country of Poland in 1939!

41
Q

Germans used a style of warfare known as _________. lightening warfare (fast and furious) to conquer France/Europe

A

Germans used a style of warfare known as “blitzkrieg” lightening warfare (fast and furious) to conquer France/Europe

42
Q

Miracle at Dunkirk (3points)

A

Miracle at Dunkirk:
• amphibious operation that miraculously rescued the British and French armies!
• French government in exile led by Charles de Gaulle
• free France/French

43
Q

By the summer of 1940, Germany had conquered all of Europe except for?

A

By the summer of 1940, Germany had conquered all of Europe except Great Britain (island)

44
Q

Operation sea lion -
1940: Battle fo Britain - August 1940
• hitlers plan to invade and conquer _______
• Must control the ____ first! (Luftwaffe - ) bombers to attack ______ day and night
• Targets were destroy the RAF
• But the British _______ to give in!
• led by a new prime minister - ___________ ___________ - “We shall never surrender…..”

A

Operation sea lion - code name
1940: Battle fo Britain - August 1940
• hitlers plan to invade and conquer Britain
• Muse control sky first! (Luftwaffe - German Air Force) bombers to attack Britain day and night
• Targets were communication centers and airfields/ destroy the RAF (Britain Royal Air Force)
• But the British refused to give in!
• led by a new prime minister - Winston Churchill - “We shall never surrender…..”

45
Q
  • hitlers changed his targets to attacking_________ ________- huge mistake! WHY.
  • Gave Britain’s RAF time to _______
  • The Blitz:
  • Purpose was to
  • Motivational posters
  • It ________, it made them more determined to resist!
A
  • hitlers changed his targets to attacking civilian populations (cities) - huge mistake! WHY.
  • Gave British RAF time to recover
  • The Blitz: London attacked for 57 consecutive days and nights
  • Purpose was to destroy the people’s will to fight!
  • Motivational posters
  • It backfired, it made them more determined to resist!
46
Q

New British invention turns the tide of the battle! _______!
• results:
• Who wins
• First time lost
• People of Europe realize that hitlers is not _________ -boosted morale

A

New British invention turns the tide of the battle! Radar!
• results: (early turning point of the war!)
• Britain wins
• First time hitler lost
• People of Europe realize that hitlers is not unbeatable- boosted morale

47
Q

Battle of the Atlantic:

• the Atlantic Ocean was ______ for Great Britain’s survival (supplies/equipment)

A

Battle of the Atlantic: “lifeline of Great Britain” between USA and GB
• the Atlantic Ocean was vital for Great Britain’s survival (supplies/equipment)

48
Q

Two sides of war

A

Two sides in the war:

  1. Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union, and later the US
  2. Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, and Japan
49
Q

The United States helps the _________ Powers:
• US was _________! (Isolationism - stay out of European affairs)
• Cash and Carry program:
• Lend - Lease Program:
• what countries were given assistance got assistance
• By 1941 the United States was fighting an _______ war on the ____ powers!

A

The United States helps the Allied Powers:
• US was neutral! (Isolationism - stay out of European affairs)
• Cash and Carry program: 1939-40 assisted Great Britain - supplies!
• Lend - Lease Program: 1941. The United stats could lend or lease arms or other supplies to any country “vital to the defense of the USA”
• Great Britain, China, and the Soviet Union got assistance
• By 1941 the United States was fighting an undeclared war on the axis powers!

50
Q

Operation Barbarossa
• invasion of the ______________ - June 1941 - Eastern front
• Why did hitler want this country ? (4 points)

A

Operation Barbarossa
• invasion of the Soviet Union - June 1941 - Eastern front
• Why did hitler want the Soviet Union?
1. Lebensraum (living space) for German people
2. Largest group of Jews
3. Natural resources - oil, etc
4. Hitler hated communists, and Stalin

51
Q

Red army

A

Red Army” Russians were not prepared!

52
Q

Battle of Leningrad - 1941

• _______ day siege - of the 2.5 million residents how many died

A

Battle of Leningrad - 1941
• 900 day siege - of the 2.5 million residents over 1 million died!
• read the 900 days book

53
Q

Battle of Stalingrad
• fought for control over the Russian _____ fields
• Ordered to fight to the _____! No __________!!!
• Lasted ___ months!
• *___________ ________ of the war on the eastern front
• which city surrendered

A

Battle of Stalingrad
• fought for control over the Russian oil fields
• Ordered to fight to the death! No surrender!!!
• Lasted 5 months!
• *Turning point of the war on the eastern front
• neither city surrendered

54
Q

Who lost the most people in this war, approximately how many casualties

A

The soviets lost the most people in the war! 20 million people!

55
Q

Russian campaign was hitlers greatest mistake - WHY?

A

Russian campaign was hitlers greatest mistake - WHY?
• drained his manpower (lost one third) and military resources! Plus hitler gets himself in a two front war again! Which was the Germans mistake from WWI!!!

56
Q

USA enters the war
• the war in _______ had exhausted japans ____________!
• The USA stopped all trade including oil with ________ in 1940! Embargo (meaning no trade)
• Japan realize that the _________ _______ is the only country that can ____ them from taking over _____ (Pacific)
• Must knock the United States out

A

USA enters the war
• the war in China had exhausted japans resources!
• The USA stopped all trade including oil with japan in 1940! Embargo (meaning no trade)
• Japan realize that the United states is the only country that can stop them from taking over Asia (Pacific)
• Must knock the United States out

57
Q 
Planned a secret attack - spies!
• battle of Pearl Harbor:
• Isoroku Yamamoto -
• Sunday, December 7, 1941 -
• United States ignored 2 warning signs:
A

Planned a secret attack - spies!
• battle of Pearl Harbor: USA naval base in the Pacific (Hawaii)
• Isoroku Yamamoto - admiral of the Japanese navy plans the attack
• Sunday, December 7, 1941 - surprise attack!
• United States ignored 2 warning signs:
1. Midget submarines - discovered! - 4:00 am
2. Radar sighting - 7:05 am

58
Q

7:55 A.M. - !
• two waves of:
• 3 targets:

A

7:55 A.M. - first wave!
• two waves of bombers/torpedo planes
• 3 targets: Aircraft carriers (flat tops), battle ships and airfield

59
Q

USS Arizona-

• destroyed __ ships, including ___ battleships - ____4 airplanes, and killed ______

A

USS Arizona - memorial

• destroyed 18 ships, including 8 battleships - 188 airplanes, and killed 2,403

60
Q

Attack was not a complete success! Why? The Japanese failed to:

A
  1. Destroy the repair facilities!
  2. Destroy the fuel depots!
  3. Destroy the United States aircraft carriers
61
Q

December 8, 1941 - FDR/USA declare war on _____ he calls Pearl Harbor
• “A date which will live in infamy” - the American people would never forget

A

December 8, 1941 - FDR/USA declare war on japan he calls Pearl Harbor
• “A date which will live in infamy” - the American people would never forget

62
Q

Results of Pearl Harbor

A

Results of Pearl Harbor:

  1. USA enters WWII
  2. Unites the people of the USA - Americans wanted revenge!
  3. Internment camps: 110,000 Japanese Americans (Nisei) were forced into prison camps by the American government in the USA - lost everything they had
63
Q
  • Reason given -

* Real reason -

A
  • Reason given - national security!

* Real reason - fear and prejudice!

64
Q

During the first 6 months of 1942 - who wins battle after battle

A

Japan

65
Q

Philippine Islands (American territory) -

A

Falls

66
Q

Bataan Death March - (___ miles/___days)

• Philippines - 70,000 American/Filipino prisoners forced to

A

Bataan Death March - (66 miles/10 days)

• Philippines - 70,000 American/Filipino prisoners forced to march 50 miles from Corregidor island - 27,000 died

67
Q

US Commander of the pacific theater ___________ __________promises his men “I shall return”

A

US Commander of the pacific theater Gen. Douglas MacArthur promises his men “I shall return”

68
Q

______ strike back!
Doolittle Raid over Tokyo - April 1942
• _____ ____________ _________ - 80 volunteers!
• __ B-25 bombers strike Tokyo
• No military significance but the raid boosted American ______!

A 
Allies strike back!
Doolittle Raid over Tokyo - April 1942
• Col James Doolittle - 80 volunteers! 
• 16 B-25 bombers strike Tokyo 
• No military significance but the raid boosted American moral!
69
Q

2 major naval/air battles - 1942
1. Battle of the Coral Sea: (May 1942)

  1. Battle of Midway: (June 1942)
A

2 major naval/air battles - 1942
1. Battle of the Coral Sea: (May 1942)
• the US fleet stops the invasion of Australia!
2. Battle of Midway: (June 1942)
• the US defeats the Japanese and stops their planned invasion of Hawaii
• Turning point battle in the pacific

70
Q

American strategy to win the pacific theater:

A

***”Island Hopping” - purpose was to get close enough to launch bombing attacks on Japan.

71
Q

Battle of Guadalcanal “Island of death”
• __ month bloody battle to control the airfield!
• It was the first major island taken from the _________

A

Battle of Guadalcanal “Island of death”
• 6 month bloody battle to control the airfield!
• It was the first major island taken from the Japanese

72
Q

Home front- USA
• total war:
• Rationing books -
• Victory Gardens -

A

Home front- USA
• total war: everything and everyone is involved in war effort!
• Rationing books - food, gas, clothing etc.
• Victory Gardens - people grew food for the war

73
Q

Women in the workplace: “Rosie the Riveter” - symbol of

Virtually no ___________

A

Women in the workplace: “Rosie the Riveter” - symbol of American women!
Virtually no unemployment

74
Q 
War bonds (loans given to the government) -
• how did they get the American people to support the war?
A

War bonds (loans given to the government) - finance the war!
• how did they get the American people to support the war?
• Propaganda

75
Q

The holocaust: 1939-1945

• the systematic mass slaughter of the ______ and __________

A

The holocaust: 1939-1945

• the systematic mass slaughter of the Jews and other “undesirables”

76
Q

Heinrich Heimmler -

A

head of the SS (black shirts) were in charge of the holocaust

77
Q

Hitlers “_____ ________” (code word) to the question of what to do with Europe’s 12 million Jews? 4 parts/things

A

Final solution

78
Q
  1. immigration -

Why it failed?

A
  1. immigration - make life so bad in Germany that they flee the country
    Why it failed? The Great Depression
79
Q

Mobile Death Squads -

Why it failed?

A

Mobile Death Squads - (Soviet Union) (Einsatzgruppen) - Dug trenches and were machines gunned to death
Why it failed? Destroyed the German soldiers morale!

80
Q

Ghettos

- why it failed

A

Ghettos - Jews rounded up in cities (Poland) and put behind barbed wire and forced to work with little food! Starve to death!
Why it failed? Too slow!
Holding tanks - shipped to death camps

81
Q

Death camps/gas chambers-

- how many casualties

A

Death Camps/Gas chambers - Jews gassed in showers and cremated in ovens!
• 6 million Jews and 5 million other “undesirable” groups were killed mostly through this method. (11 million in total)
• 1.5 million were children

82
Q

Peak - 1942 - up to how many per day were killed!

A

Peak - 1942 - up to 15,000 per day were killed!

83
Q

Some people who experienced/helped and spoke out against the evil: HEROES

A

Corrie Ten Boom

  1. Dietrich Bonhoeffer
  2. Oskar Schindler
  3. Anne Frank
84
Q
  1. Corrie Ten Boom -
A
  1. Corrie Ten Boom - Dutch Christian who hid Jews - “Hiding Place”
85
Q
  1. Dietrich Bonhoeffer -
A
  1. Dietrich Bonhoeffer - German Protestant pastor who gave his life - “the cost of discipleship”
86
Q
  1. Oskar Schindler -
A
  1. Oskar Schindler - businessman who gave his life saving Jews - “Schindler’s list” watch this movie
87
Q
  1. Anne Frank -
A
  1. Anne Frank - Jewish girl who wrote a diary - “Diary of Anne Frank”
88
Q

The country of ______ is formed after the war as repayment to the Jews for the holocaust!

A

Israel

89
Q

Three types of German concentration camps:

A
  1. POW camps: (stalags) - help prisoners of war mostly in Germany. Most prisoners survived
  2. Work camps: used slave labor to help the German war effort! - factories, mines, etc, many worked to death! Mostly in Germany
    • Dachau was the most infamous one
  3. Death camps: used to exterminate people! All six were located in Poland! Auschwitz was the most infamous! (1.1 million died)

History (9 decks)

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