World War II Part 1 Flashcards

(39 cards)

1
Q

Isolationism

A

policy in which a country avoids entanglement in foreign conflicts

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2
Q

Interventionist

A

believed the US should get involved to help people fighting aggression

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3
Q

Blitzkrieg

A

“Lightning War”

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4
Q

Appeasement

A

Giving into someone to avoid conflict

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5
Q

Embargo

A

an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country

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6
Q

Draft

A

enlisted recruitment for military service

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7
Q

Causes of WWII

A
  1. Treatment of Germany- Resentment over Treaty of Versailles
  2. Economic Problems- The Great Depression
  3. Nationalism- New radical political groups
  4. Rise of Dictatorships- Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, Hirohito
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8
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

Dictator of Soviet Union

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9
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

Dictator of Germany (Nazi Party) “der Fuhrer”

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10
Q

Benito Mussolini

A

Dictator of Italy “IL Duce”

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11
Q

Emperor Hirohito

A

Emperor of Japan

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12
Q

Hideki Tojo

A

General of Japan

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13
Q

Mein Kampf

A
The book that he wrote in prison of all his goals. It means "my struggle"
Goals:
1. Rebuild
2. Unite
3. Lebensraum
4. Promote
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14
Q

Lebensraum

A

One of the goals means “living space” for the German people (retake lost land)

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15
Q

1936 Olympic Games

A

They were the Nazi Olympics. Jesse Owens, won four gold medals. The American Team won 12 men’s track gold medals; the success of the African American athletes was considered a blow to Hitlers Aryan ideals.

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16
Q

The Rhineland

A

In Treaty of Versailles Germany was not allowed to have any military force in the Rhineland area

17
Q

The Neutrality Acts 1935-1937

A

mandatory arms embargo for countries at war
discretionary travel restrictions
no loans to countries at war

18
Q

Franklin Roosevelt

A

the president of US

19
Q

America First Committee

A

Formed to promote isolationism; stay out of conflict in Europe
The spokesperson was Charles Lindbergh

20
Q

Annexation of Austria

A

1938 Germany “annexes” Austria (Hitler’s plan to unite Ger. people under gov’t) The “Anschuluss”

21
Q

Sudetenland

A

fall of 1938 Germany wants to annex the Sudetenland- region of Czechoslovakia with large German population- countries of Europe are very concerned with this,

22
Q

Munich Agreement

A

September 1938
Meeting between Great Britain, France, and Germany
GB and FR agree to let Hitler have the Sudetenland; he promises “that’s all I want”
Neville Chamberlain- Br. Prime Minister- travels to Munich, Germany to meet with Hitler.

23
Q

Winston Churchill

A

outspoken with anti-Hitler views, League of Nations does nothing to protect Czechoslovakia from being taken apart

24
Q

Non-aggression Pact

A

by march of 1939 Hitler had take control of the rest of Czechoslovakia Hitler signs a “Non-aggression Pact” with Stalin in August 1939

25
Invasion of Poland (DATE)
SEPTEMBER 1ST, 1939, Shocks the world, soviet union and Germany have a secret term where Hitler gets western Poland and soviet union gets eastern Poland.
26
The Phony War
Hitler invades Denmark and Norway after 6 months of "sitzrieg"- media calls this time following invasion of Poland a "phony war"
27
Invasion of Denmark, Norway
Hitler wants control of Denmark and Norway to control water access to the Baltic Seas and the North Sea; also, hide submarines in Norwegian inlets, bomb great Britain from North.
28
The Maginot Line
Line of French defenses along German border meant to protect France from German attack France falls Germany attacks France through Ardennes forest Nazis invades Paris in June France surrenders by end of June GB now stands alone against Hitler
29
"Cash and Carry" Neutrality Law
US could sell materials to countries at war IF they paid CASH and picked up their purchases in their own ships to CARRY them home
30
The Battle of Britain
German Luftwaffe launches bombing attacks on GB- meant to prepare for German land invasion. "the blitz"
31
German attack on the Soviet Union
mistake?- Germany has a peace agreement w/ the Soviet Union (non-aggression pact) Timing- Hitler begins his attack in late June and is caught by the Russian winter in October Hitler underestimated the power of the Soviet Military Now Germany is fighting on 3 fronts
32
Eagle Squadrons
volunteer American pilots serving in units with the British Royal Air Force (RAF) fighting against Germany
33
Axis Powers
Japan becomes partners w/ Germany and Italy, forming the axis powers (equator)
34
Selective Service Act
first peacetime military draft
35
Atlantic Charter
outlines US and British beliefs for a peaceful world becomes the basis for later United Nations plan discuss plans for winning WWII
36
The Lend- Lease Act
The US lend or lease (rent) war materials/ weapons to any country believed to be vital to the defense of the US purpose to stay out of war, but help allies
37
Japanese Aggression and Expansion
1931- Japanese invasion of Manchuria quest for natural resources- coal, oil, minerals, land (room for population expansion). League of Nations and US condemn Japanese actions- Japan leaves the League 1937- Japanese attack China south of Manchuria capturing cities of perking and Shanghai, US condemns action- begins embargo of some industrial materials; breakdown of commercial relations 1940- Japan becomes partner w/ Germany and Italy, forming the Axis powers. July 1941- Japan invades French Indochina (southeast Asia) they wanted to gain more territory and resources US reacts and places oil embargo, freezes Japans assets in the US Diplomatic negotiations break down over the next few months
38
"Magic"
US government had cracked the Japanese codes military info, diplomatic info info gained from Japanese codes was nicknamed "magic" military radio traffic in Pacific gives hints of possible attack
39
Attack on Pear Harbor
Nov. 26th- Japan launches aircraft carrier strike force from Japan; sails across Pacific undetected by US- 300 miles from Hawaii DECEMBER 7TH, 1941- 7:55AM SUNDAY MORNING First Wave- 183 Japanese planes attack US military and naval facilities on the Hawaiian Island of Oahu- 30 minute attack Second Wave- 15-30 minute pause- 8:40- second wave of 170 planes launched lasted 1 hour Third Wave- Never happens Positives from Attack US aircraft carriers not in port Pear Harbor shallow most ships sunk or damaged could be raised and repaired Fuel Oil storage tanks not destroyed- 3rd wave Attack came on a Sunday- many officers on shore Japanese underestimate effect of attack on US citizens