World War One

Question 1

Another name for World War One

Answer 1

The Great War

Question 2

When it was

Answer 2

1914 - 11th November 1918

Question 3

The amount of countries that were actively involved

Answer 3

More than 30

Question 4

The number of people mobilised

Answer 4

65 million people

Question 5

The number of people either killed, wounded, or missing

Answer 5

37.5 million people

Question 6

The percentage of Austro-Hungarian forces that became casualties of war

Answer 6

90%

Question 7

The acronym for the four factors of the war and what they were

Answer 7

M.A.I.N (Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism)

Question 8

Details about the Militarism factor

Answer 8

The idea that a country should have a strong military to protect or promote its interests.

Question 9

Details about the Alliances factor

Answer 9

Agreements between countries for mutual benefit or protection.

Question 10

Details about the imperialism factor

Answer 10

The policy of expanding a country’s territory and power through colonization.

Question 11

Details about the Nationalism factor

Answer 11

A strong belief in supporting the interests of your own countries, even if it means disadvantages for other countries.

Question 12

The trigger event of the war

Answer 12

On 28th June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir of the Austro-Hungarian Empire) was shot by Gavrilo Princip (a Serbian nationalist)

Question 13

Members of the Triple Alliance and when it started

Answer 13

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy, from 1882

Question 14

Members of the Triple Entente and when it started

Answer 14

France, Britain, Russia, from 1907

Question 15

Members of the Central Powers and when it started

Answer 15

Austria-Hungary, Germany, from 1914 (Italy switched sides)

Question 16

Members of the Allied Powers and when it started

Answer 16

Russia, France, Britain, Italy (1915~), from 1914

Question 17

How did governments encourage people to join the war?

Answer 17

They made posters that tried to convince them that the war was somehow going to be fun and that joining it meant loyalty to the country, and that it would be over soon.

Question 18

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

Answer 18

A plan devised before the war by a German general. The idea was to quickly invade France by taking a shortcut through Belgium (which was neutral) and looping back to attack French forces before France and its allies (Including Russia) could respond.

Question 19

How did the other countries respond to the plan?

Answer 19

In reality, Russia’s response was much faster than expected. In addition, Britain came to Belgium’s aid.

Question 20

What was the Western Front?

Answer 20

A theatre of war consisting of the trenches stretched across France, Belgium, and Germany

Question 21

How was the warfare different to previous wars?

Answer 21

Machine guns were able to shoot hundreds of rounds of ammunition in a minute and could wipe out waves of men in seconds.
This led to soldiers digging trenches to hide from this.
Another type of weapon was artillery, which are big heavy guns that could fire missiles into enemy territory.
Canned food, which lasted a long time, was used.
Telephones were used, which allowed generals to command troops from far away and helped them make decisions while understanding the bigger picture.

Question 22

What was No Man’s Land?

Answer 22

The open battlefield between both trenches. In the trenches, going there to fight was sometimes known as going “Over the top”.

Question 23

Why wasn’t the war over by Christmas?

Answer 23

Because of the machine guns, neither side could advance because they were shot instantly. Generals made soldiers advance anyways, but no gains were made and too many men were lost.
Because of the trenches, both sides became stuck in a stalemate; moving forward into enemy territory was extremely dangerous.
Artillery added to the problem of each side being stuck in their trenches.
Canned food enabled soldiers to remain fin the trenches longer.
Telephone communication meant that units always had to wait for orders and couldn’t react in the moment.

Question 24

What were seven conditions the soldiers of the Western Front often suffer from?

Answer 24

Trench foot - Swelling, pain, infection, and sometimes amputation.
Infectious diseases - Includes typhus, malaria, typhoid, yellow-fever, pneumonia, and influenza
Shell shock - PTSD
Trench fever - Caused by bites from lice. Symptoms include a high fever, back and leg pain, and sometimes amputation rash.
Gangrene - Infection caused by bacteria in soil entering into wounds.
Mustard Gas - Chemical warfare named after its yellow colour. Caused burns and sometimes blindness.
Shrapnel - Sharp bits of metal; from exploding shells. Can cause severe injuries which can lead to infection.

Question 25

Who developed a new method of facial reconstruction surgery for soldiers with disfigurement?

Answer 25

Harold Gillies

Question 26

Who discovered blood types in 1900, which led to safe transfusions and storage of blood in the war?

Answer 26

Karl Landsteiner

Question 27

Who developed antiseptic surgery, which later led to aseptic surgery and reduced the mortality rate from surgery?

Answer 27

Joseph Lister

Question 28

Who discovered x rays, which became widely used by 1900?

Answer 28

Wilhelm Röntgen

Question 29

Who developed the mobile version of x rays and trained 150 women to use it on the western front?

Answer 29

Marie Curie

Question 30

What is the RAMC?

Answer 30

The Royal Army Medical Corps. Part of the British army since 1898, doctors had military rank and more authority.

Question 31

How was the war a step forwards for health and medicine?

Answer 31

Harold Gillies developed and new method of facial reconstruction surgery for those with disfigurement, treating over 5000 soldiers. Karl Landsteiner discovered blood types in 1900, resulting in safe transfusions. Joseph Lister helped develop aseptic surgery and a cleaner environment, reducing the mortality rate from surgery. Wilhelm Röntgen discovered x rays, and Marie Curie developed the mobile version for war. x rays helped locate bullets and diagnose broken bones and fractures. Prevention of diseases became a priority for war. Doctors gained more authority and a more efficient medical system was developed.

Question 32

What was the treatment for trench foot and its consequences?

Answer 32

Whale oil treatment; about 58,000 whales were killed

Question 33

How was the war a step backwards for heath and medicine?

Answer 33

Swelling and pain from trench foot resulted in 58,000 whales killed for whale oil treatment. Poison gas was first used at 1915 at the battle of Ypres. It was the first and last case of large scale chemical warfare. Trauma, known as Shell Shock, was mistaken for cowardice. Hundreds of soldiers were shot/executed for this. Electric shock therapy was used, but it was not kind to patients. Many continued to suffer from PTSD and were not treated properly.

Question 34

What was poison gas and When was it first used?

Answer 34

Mostly chlorine, phosgene, mustard gas. At the battle of Ypres.

Question 35

The Armistice - When, where, and who?

Answer 35

When: Nov 11th 1918, 5am Paris time, 11am came into effect Where: Compiengne Paris, in a forest, in a train carriage Who: Allies: Britain, America, France + Germany (signed it)

Question 36

Which country asked for the armistice? Why?

Answer 36

Germany, because peace was the best outcome for them; near the end of the war there were political problems, a poor economy, bad morale, and they were the only ones fighting on their side.

Question 37

What were four of the terms of the Armistice, and why were they so harsh?

Answer 37

1. Germany had to unconditionally surrender. 2. Gave up weapons, ships, submarines. 3. Leave occupied territory, repatriate POWs (prisoners of war) 4. Demilitarized zone They were harsh so that Germany couldn’t attack again.

Question 38

What is the CRAAP test?

Answer 38

The Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose of a source