Wound Healing

Question 1

4 stages of wound healing

Answer 1

1. Haemostasis
2. Inflammation
3. Proliferation
4. Remodelling

Question 2

Cells involved with inflammation are

Answer 2

Neutrophils (clean up) and macrophages (direct activity for proliferation phase)

Question 3

Fibroblasts action in wound healing

Answer 3

Produce collagen and extra cellular matrix for granulation tissue

Question 4

Mast cells

Answer 4

Release histamine to increase vascular permeability

Question 5

Macrophages

Answer 5

Debridement of wound, regulation of chemical mediators and growth factors seen in inflammation and proliferation phase

Question 6

Endothelial cells

Answer 6

Activate platelets during haemostatis and produce new blood vessels following vascular injury.

Question 7

Contusion is

Answer 7

Injury to tissue, skin intact

Question 8

Abrasion is

Answer 8

Damage to the epidermal skin layer

Question 9

Perforation is

Answer 9

Injury through body structures

Question 10

Laceration is

Answer 10

Torn skin/tissues

Question 11

Superficial injury is

Answer 11

Injury to the epidermal layer

Question 12

Partial thickness injury is

Answer 12

Epidermal and dermal layer involvement

Question 13

Full thickness wound

Answer 13

All three layers and possible muscle/bone involvement

Question 14

Epidermal layer is composed of

Answer 14

Keratinocytes

Question 15

Dermis layer is composed of

Answer 15

Melanocytes

Question 16

Proliferation cells involved

Answer 16

Macrophages, lymphocytes, angiocytes and fibroblasts

Question 17

Primary intention wound healing

Answer 17

Minimal contraction, suture closes edges

Question 18

Secondary intention

Answer 18

Fills with a fibrin clot, wound is left open due to an increased risk of infection if closed due to debris. Results with a prolonged inflammation stage

Question 19

Tertiary (delayed primary)

Answer 19

E.g injury to abdomen, could t suture due to swelling, left open until primary intention can be achieved

Question 20

A chronic wound can occur due to

Answer 20

Prolonged and ineffective inflammation,
Slow/poor granulation,
Unable to produce/poor epithelium,
Hypertrophy of fibrosis (scarring)

Question 21

Chronic would inactivate cells and decrease growth factor

Answer 21

There is a protease imbalance, increased MMP and decreased TIMP (tissue inhibitor metallproteases) which are released by local cells

Question 22

Vitamin c is important for

Answer 22

Collagen

Question 23

Proteins are important for

Answer 23

Increased WBC, collagen and extra cellular matrix

Question 24

Cytokines provide

Answer 24

Cell - cell communication by chemotaxis - direct migration of a cell in response to a stimulus.

Question 25

Cytokines TNFa are produced by

Answer 25

Macrophages to regulate immune cells and attract neutrophils