Wound Healing

Question 1

“stoppage of bleeding”

Answer 1

Hemostasis

Question 2

Two steps of Hemostasis

Answer 2

Vasoconstriction and clotting

Question 3

causes vasoconstriction

Answer 3

thromboxane

Question 4

components of a clot

Answer 4

aggregated platelets and fibrin

Question 5

precursor that produces platelets, activated by thrombopoetin

Answer 5

magakaryocytes

Question 6

initiate platelet activation

Answer 6

agonist receptors

Question 7

result of platelet activation and aggregation

Answer 7

platelet plug

Question 8

cause platelet aggregation/ adhesion to collagen

Answer 8

ligand receptors - specifically von Willebrand Factor binding to GPlb-IX receptors

Question 9

Secreted during platelet plug formation causing surface to become negative

Answer 9

granules

Question 10

clotting factors of fibrin follow down a path causing the proteolytic cleavage of each other - path is called?

Answer 10

Cascade

Question 11

problems with factor IX and VII causing inability to clot

Answer 11

hemophilia

Question 12

subpathways of clotting cascade

Answer 12

intrinsic pathway and extrinsic pathway

Question 13

subpathways follow same path starting at this step

Answer 13

prothrombin to thrombin

Question 14

damages surface causes the cascade - contact activation

Answer 14

intrinsic pathway

Question 15

trauma releases tissue factor and causes the cascade

Answer 15

extrinsic pathway

Question 16

catalyst that converts fibrinogen into fibrin

Answer 16

thrombin

Question 17

insoluble component that crosslinks and aggregates laterally to form a clot

Answer 17

fibrin

Question 18

precursor to fibrin

Answer 18

fibrinogen (activated by thrombin to forn fibrin)

Question 19

converts glutamic acid to y-carboxyglutamate forming specific clotting factors such as thrombin that are very good at binding Ca2+

Answer 19

Vitamin K

Question 20

inhibits cyclo-oxygenase from converting archidonic acid to endoperoxides in platelet activation

Answer 20

Aspirin

Question 21

anticoagulation drug that inhibits activity of Vit K

Answer 21

Warfarin

Question 22

blocks platelet agonist receptors, so platelets cannot be activated

Answer 22

Plavix (platelet activation nixed - good way to remember)

Question 23

anticoagulant “anti-thrombin” inhibits thrombin so fibrin clot cannot form

Answer 23

Heparin

Question 24

anticoagulant commonly used in blood extractions to prevent clotting in tubes

Answer 24

EDTA

Question 25

cleavage of fibrin - dissolving the clot

Answer 25

fibrinolysis | lysis of fibrin

Question 26

what is activated to form the enzyme that carries out the cleavage of fibrin?

Answer 26

plasminogen

Question 27

plasminogen is activated by what to form plasmin

Answer 27

TPA

Question 28

the enzyme that carries out the cleavage of fibrin

Answer 28

plaminogen

Question 29

come from platelet granules, signal to indicate cell damage and presence of foreign microorganisms

Answer 29

cytokines

Question 30

types of cytokines

Answer 30

interleukins, growth factors, and chemokines

Question 31

order of cells involved in inflammation

Answer 31

Neutrophils Macrophages Lymphocytes (backwards alphabetical NML)

Question 32

first responders in inflammatory response, cause phagocytosis and degranulation

Answer 32

Neutrophils

Question 33

organize and regulate, phagocytosis, and cytokine production

Answer 33

Macrophages

Question 34

the adaptive inflammatory response, T Cells, and B cells

Answer 34

Lymphocytes

Question 35

Cell type in repithelialization

Answer 35

Keratinocyte Stem Cells

Question 36

Cell type in granulation of tissue

Answer 36

fibroblasts

Question 37

fibroblast cells that cause wound contraction

Answer 37

myofibroblasts

Question 38

Cells that deposit connective tissue

Answer 38

Fibrin and Fibronectin

Question 39

transmembrane proteins bound to ECM and actin skeleton allowing for signaling and adhesion

Answer 39

integrins

Question 40

four steps of bone healing

Answer 40

stem cell recruitment, deposition of bone, Vasucularization, Remodeling

Question 41

remodeling of bone moves from this type of bone to that type of bone

Answer 41

Woven bone to Lamellar Bone

Question 42

What type of cells are involved in angiogenesis? What are they activated by?

Answer 42

Epithelial cells activated by VEGF

Question 43

process of forming new blood vessels

Answer 43

angiogenesis

Question 44

membranes, growth factors, substrates, and stem cells are ways to do what?

Answer 44

guided tissue regeneration

Question 45

types of procedures that can benefit from guided tissue regeneration

Answer 45

extractions, periodontal regeneration, and implant placement