Wound Healing and Wound Dressing Preparation Flashcards
(16 cards)
Compare Acute and Chronic Wounds
- Acute
- Healing process is well-organised leading to predictable tissue repair
- Healing is dependent on platelets, keratinocytes, fibroblasts and microvascular cells
- Chronic
- Impaired healing: 7 days - 2 years
- Doesn’t heal due to change in growth factors, extracellular matrix, cellular components that prevent healing
- Prolonged inflammation, delayed healing process
What are the Types of Chronic Wounds?
- Vascular ulcers (venous and arterial)
- Reduction in oxygen and blood flow to wound
- Diabetic ulcers
- Pressure ulcers
- Burned wounds
What are the Factors affecting wound healing
Local Factors
- Infection
- Free radicals
- Oxygenation
- Moisture content
- Nutrients
What are the Factors affecting wound healing
Systemic Factors
- Age
- Gender
- Genetics
- Stress
- Nutrition
- Obesity
- Medications
- Immune status
- Diseases
Factors affecting wound healing: Local Factors
How does Oxygenation affect wound healing?
What is Oxygen important for?
Oxygenation disruption?
- All wounds are hypoxia due to the loss of blood supply
- Disruption of local vascular supply
- Oxygen is important for cell metabolisms and proliferation
- Oxygenation disruption leads to impaired healing
Factors affecting wound healing: Local Factors
How do Infections Affect Wound Healing?
- Microorganisms on skin
- When you have a cut, the skin is an entry point to which microorganisms obtain access to underlying tissues which cause contamination, colonisation and infection
- Leads to formation of biofilms which abx cannot work as well
- EPS is a physical protective barrier against unfavourable environment
- Shields, minimises and reduces efficacy of abx and antimicrobials
- EPS is a physical protective barrier against unfavourable environment
Factors affecting wound healing: Local Factors
How does Nutrition Affect Wound Healing?
- Nutrition can increase would healing
- Vitamin A, E, omega-3 fatty acids, zinc is good for skin
- Malnutrition can prolong inflammation, inhibit keratinocytes and fibroblasts function, reduce collagen synthesis, decrease angiogenesis
Factors affecting wound healing: Systemic Factors
How does Age Affect Wound Healing?
- Elderly (>60) have thinner epidermal layer
- Slowly inflammatory, migratory and proliferation responses
- Delayed healing
Factors affecting wound healing: Systemic Factors
How does Sex and Genetics Affect Wound Healing?
- Males have delayed healing in acute wounds
- Female estrogens have a positive effect
- Affect genes associated with regeneration, matrix production, protease inhibition, epidermal function and inflammation
Factors affecting wound healing: Systemic Factors
How does Stress Affect Wound Healing?
- Disrupt immune equilibrium (deregulate immune system)
- Causes vasocontriction and decreases tissue perfusion
Factors affecting wound healing: Systemic Factors
How does Immunosuppression and Chronic Diseases Affect Wound Healing?
- Affect oxygen and nutrients supply to tissues
Factors affecting wound healing: Systemic Factors
How does Medications Affect Wound Healing?
- NSAIDs, glucocorticoid steroids, chemotherapeutic drugs
- NSAIDs delays inflammation phase of healing and slows initiation of healing process
- Inhibit cellular metabolism, rapid cell division, angiogensis
- Degenerate tissue growth
What are the Types of Wound Dressing Formulations?
- Alginate dressings
- Foam dressings
- Traditional dressings
- Hydrogel dressings
- Hydrocolloid dressings
- Bioactive dressings
- Semi-permeable adhesive films
What are the Functions of Wound Dressings?
- Maintain moisture
- Absorption, removal of exudate
- Wound cleansing
- Gaseous exchange
- Protective barrier
- Thermal insulation
- Low adherence
- Cost effectiveness
What are the Product Quality Tests?
- Uniformity of dosage units
- Microbial limits
- Sterility
- Particle size
- Viscosity
- Peel adhesion test
- Leak test
What are the 2 Current Technologies?
- Skin graft
- Removing skin from one area and move or transplant to wound site
- Advantages: doesn’t get rejected
- Disadvantages: surgery
- Wound glue
- Medical glue
- Temporary protective barrier
- Advantages: biocompatible, biodegradable
