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Sociology paper 2 > WPW > Flashcards

WPW Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Rowntree

A

York
primary poverty manage money well basic to survive
secondary similar amount spend poorly
absolute only able to buy necessities in cheapest version

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2
Q

Booth

A

london 1902
20 shillings/week
poverty is inability to help oneself

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3
Q

absolute poverty

A

UN line $1.90/day
9.1% world pop almost nobody UK

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4
Q

Townsend

A

relative poverty have less than those around you
social exclusion unable to take part in society due to lack money

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5
Q

Mac and Lansley

A

consensual list of essential items
poverty if cannot afford 3

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6
Q

Marsland

A

overgenerous welfare state
should be means tested

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7
Q

Murray

A

underclass WC on benefits choosing not to work
illegitimacy and substance abuse

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8
Q

cycle of dependency

A

perverse incentive (overgenerous state) - culture of dependency - illegitimate children - illegitimacy and substance abuse increases

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9
Q

Gans

A

poverty creates jobs
fulfills jobs
incentive to work

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10
Q

Lewis

A

puerto rico and mexico
by 6 children develop fatalism
self segregate
poor lack trustworthy ambition motivation and energy

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11
Q

Coates and Silburn

A

cycle of deprivation
person in poverty - underachieve in education - low pay - have children

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12
Q

Kenway and Palmer

A

ethnic minorities in poverty because:
family structure
lack education
unemployment
racism
low pay

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13
Q

ethnicity and low pay

A

Banglideshi, pakistani and white and black african workers lowest hourly pay 2019 (15-16% less than white british)

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14
Q

Ethnic Minority Employment Taskforce

A

Indian 70.2%
Bangladeshi 40.2%

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15
Q

Bertrand and Mullainthan

A

field experiment
CVs white names/black names
white names received more call backs

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16
Q

Rowntree Foundation

A

34% children live in families with at least one child under 5 living in poverty
1.3 million under 5s live in poverty in UK

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17
Q

Hirsch

A

impact child poverty - educational underachievement, health and psychological development, crime and deviance common
explanations - lone parenthood, lack employment, disability (1 in 4 children in poverty at least 1 disabled parent), inadequate benefit, inadequate social policy to support

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18
Q

Palmer

A

33% disabled adults in poverty
2/5 single without children
explanations:
inability to work
unemployment
employer discrimination
low pay
inadequate welfare

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19
Q

Trade Union Congress

A

disabled earn around 20% less than non disabled, £3800 each year

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20
Q

women and low pay

A

21% women in low pay work 14% men

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21
Q

Middleton

A

mothers bear burden of trying to make ends meet

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22
Q

UN women

A

when more income is put into the hand of women child nutrition, health and education improves

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23
Q

Weber

A

Class - market situation, connected to wealth
Party - group you belong to
Status - things you enjoy doing/clothes you wear/ reputation

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24
Q

Davis and Moore

A

some inequality necessary
encourages competition and fulfills unpleasant jobs

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25
Marx
primitive communism - people used to share everything development of tools lead to private wealth passed through generations, start of capitalism and patriarchy Pauperisation - bourgeoisie gradually squeeze proletariats profits Alienation - proletariat begin to look out for themselves and become isolated
26
Zizek
bourgeoisie try to make disparity look better by donating large sums of money hides that money is taken from proletariat
27
Esping-Anderson
three worlds of welfare decommodified = free from market influence social democrat - highly decommodofied conservative-corporatist - may be highly decommodified not necessarily universal liberal - commodified, means tested and sold through market
28
Housing act 1980
privatised council housing allowed rents to be increased or houses to be sold many could not longer afford council housing
29
New Labour welfare reform
increase welfare state help those in poverty find work and become independent minimum wage jobseekers allowance work focused interviews
30
Flaherty et al
even if tony blair halved child poverty it would still be higher than when thatcher came to power
31
Dwyer
attempt to make welfare benefits dependent on commitment to actively seek work is a creeping conditionality which erodes the principle of a citizens entitlement
32
Taylorism
scientific management everybody has small role to play takes away autonomy gives more power to boss
33
Fordism
cars cheap and easily produced following taylors model choice taken from employer and consumer
34
Abercrombie et al
ways workers are controlled direct control - managers ensuring jobs done technical control - limited tasks beaurocratic control - everyone has boss reasonable autonomy - given control by self policing, leads to alienation
35
Ritzer
mcdonaldisation efficiency - someone on each job calculability - each price carefully calculated predictability - all same control
36
Mayo et al
human relations theory hawthorne electrical plant told workers they would be observed and did better in al conditions eg hot/cold light/dark give workers range of tasks different compartments make part of team more autonomy
37
Frey and Osborne
over half workers will be replaced by computers in next 20 years
38
Brynjolfsson and McAfee
AI will do for mental power what steam engine did for physical power
39
Mason
sex workers and teachers least likely to be replaced b y technology waiters and receptionists most
40
Blauner
causes of alienation at work powerlessness meaninglessness isolation self estrangement
41
Foucault
surveillance workers being watched may work harder but wont feel trusted or valued creates alienation
42
Post Fordism
workers now given more freedom and more choice for consumers
43
Flexible accumulation
workers earn money with greater flexibility two part time jobs choose work hours change jobs regularly self employed
44
Harvey
flexible accumulation creates uncertainty and inconsistency less likely to succeed
45
Flexible production
products made for customers needs
46
Graham
Japanese car firm USA products highly customisable to consumer needs post fordism in west also leading to decline in trade unions, those who joined considered not to be team players
47
Bonacich and Appelbaum
race to the bottom corporations offer lower prices to appeal to consumers more factory work
48
Taylor (eval post modernist)
'race to bottom' continues capitalist exploitation clothing companies dont worry about employee rights as dont run factories
49
Pollert
fordism was never as prominent as widely believed few companies used but most didnt
50
Wood
post fordism is just a continuation of fordism diversity of products seem customisable due to increased manufacturers
51
Taylor (globalisation)
exporting capitalism to where it has not developed cheap labour and incentives
52
Beck
globalisation brought access to new risks traditional risks (war and disease) decreased and replaced by larger global risks we cannot understand
53
Al Gini
what we do is what we will become
54
Parker
type of work you do will shape work lives and leisure pursuits physically hard and dangerous - oppositional leisure focus on pleasure boring and routine - relaxation with friends and family high commitment and involvement - work and leisure blur
55
Beck (eval leisure and work)
we construct our own biographies do this consciously and can decide how much
56
McIntosh
parker ignores genders argued leisure lives controlled by families rather than work
57
Gorz
workers are spending more time on leisure completing productive work quickly using machinery goal to be free from work
58
Putnam
in modern america participation in non work based society is declining eg in bowling/politics/PTA
59
Doherty
work no longer satisfying/ interesting so matters less to our lives move towards flexible work that plays little role in identity
60
Bauman (sig of work)
leisure choices has become central to identity rather than work
61
Harvey (sig of work)
perceived relaxation of work in modern times which appear to create greater freedom but create greater insecurity
62
Taylor (unemployment)
argued working class jobs are off shored to poorer countries creates globalised proletariat
63
Mason
many people in manual and unskilled jobs are at risk of automation this will also affect the unskilled service industry such as food servers
64

Sociology paper 2 (2 decks)

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