wrist

Question 1

long bones

Answer 1

metacarpals and phalanges

Question 2

short bones

Answer 2

carpals

Question 3

DISTAL RADIUS

Answer 3

tilt of articular surface
dorsal tubercle
~11˚
volar direction F>E

Question 4

DISTAL ULNA

Answer 4

head (pronation)
styloid
articulates with TFCC
24˚
ulnar direction UD>RD

Question 5

Distal radial & ulnar alignment:

Answer 5

Ulna shorter = negative ulnar variance
> radius
> lunate
Triangular fibrocartilage complex

Question 6

SCAPHOID fracture

Answer 6

most common carpal fracture

Question 7

the wrist

Answer 7

the junction of the forearm and hand

Movement comes from the radiocarpal, midcarpal & intercarpal joints

Question 8

joints of the wrist

Answer 8

RADIOCARPAL, midcarpal and intercarpal

Question 9

radiocarpal joint

Answer 9

•Radius with scaphoid & lunate 
•TFCC with triquetrum
•BIAXIAL ellipsoid joint
•Little bony stability
GREATER RANGE AT FLX (80) THAN EXTENS.
GREATER RANGE IN ADD. (30) THAN ABD. (20)

Question 10

midcarpal and intercarpal

Answer 10

• Combination of multiple gliding joints

* Complex 3D movements

Question 11

pisiform

Answer 11

seperate to capsule

Question 12

Normal wrist movement

Answer 12

requires motion at the radiocarpal, midcarpal & intercarpal joints

Question 13

carpal bone movements

Answer 13

capable of F / E / RD / UD / sup / pron!

Question 14

ABD / ADD

Answer 14

midcarpal > radiocarpal movement = More complex movements
•Distal row follows fingers
•Proximal row moves in opposite direction •During ABD the scaphoid flexes to avoid impinging on the radial styloid

Question 15

Extrinsic ligaments:

Answer 15

Attachment outside of wrist
1. Radial & Ulnar collateral
2. Palmar & dorsal extrinsic ligaments
Palmar much stronger ***
– Palmar radiocarpal resist excessive wrist ext
– Palmar ulnocarpal resist excessive wrist ext
– Dorsal radiocarpal resist excessive wrist flexion

Question 16

Intrinsic ligaments:

Answer 16

Attach to carpals
• Palmar midcarpal**
• Dorsal midcarpal
• Interosseous between adjacent carpal bones

Question 17

5 DEDICATED WRIST MUSCLES:

Answer 17

FCR, FCU, ECRB, ECRL ( longer moment arm for radial deviation), ECU

Question 18

Which bone is most commonly used as the reference in measurement of ROM?

Answer 18

CAPITATE

Question 19

1ST carpometacarpal (CMC)

Answer 19

M: F-E; ABD-ADD; CONJUNCT ROTN

saddle

Question 20

2nd – 4th carpometacarpal CMC

Answer 20

gliding

synovial plane

Question 21

5th carpometacarpal CMC

Answer 21

F-E; ABD-ADD / gliding

synovial saddle

Question 22

2nd – 5th intermetacarpal

Answer 22

gliding

Synovial plane

Question 23

1st – 5th MCP

Answer 23

F-E; ABD-ADD /

ellipsoid

Question 24

1st – 5th interphalangeal (IP)

Answer 24

F-E; ABD-ADD / gliding

synovial hinge

Question 25

Pinch your thumb & index – what force does it exert on your 1st MCP joint? Which collateral ligament of the thumb resists this force?

Answer 25

UCL of 1st MCP resists valgrus

Question 26

collateral ligs. of MCP

Answer 26

radial collateral lig, UCL | - primary stabilisers of MCP joints

Question 27

transverse carpal ligament / flexor retinaculum

Answer 27

medial/ulnar side: pisiform and hamate lat/radial side : trapezium transforms carpal bone arch to enclosed carpal tunnel - provides essential support