Written Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
What is knee extension rom actively?
A
0
2
Q
What is the knee extension prom?
A
5-10
3
Q
What is knee flexion rom?
A
130-140
4
Q
What is knee internal rotation rom?
A
0-30
5
Q
What is knee external rom?
A
0-40
6
Q
When is knee rotation the greatest?
A
90 flexion
7
Q
What are the femoral condyles separated by?
A
Intercondlyar fossa posteriorly
8
Q
What do the femoral condlye bend to for?
A
Concave trochlear groove
9
Q
What plane has the greatest surface area for the femoral condlyes?
A
Sagittal plane
10
Q
Which femoral condlye lip is longer?
A
Lateral condlye
11
Q
Which femoral condlye is larger and longer?
A
Medial
12
Q
What is the tibial plateau in the frontal plane?
A
Concave
13
Q
What is the medial femoral condlye in the sagittal plane?
A
Concave
14
Q
What is the lateral femoral condlye in the sagittal plane?
A
Convex
15
Q
Why is the femoral condlye axis oblique?
A
Femoral condlyes are larger than tibial plateaus
Medial condlye is larger than lateral condlye
16
Q
What is the medial tibiofemoral angle?
A
Femoral head hangs over femoral shaft
Femoral shaft doesn’t coincide with the leg
Creates an obtuse angle
17
Q
What is normal for middle tibiofemoral angle?
A
185-190
Physiologic valgus
18
Q
What is an increased medial tibiofemoral angle?
A
Greater than 195
19
Q
What is genu valgum?
A
Knock knee
Coxa vara of knee
20
Q
What is lower than normal medial tibiofemoral angle?
A
Less than 180
21
Q
What is genu varum?
A
Bow legged
Coxa valga
22
Q
What is the q angle?
A
Line from Asis to midline intersecting with mid patella
23
Q
What is a normal q angle?
A
15
24
Q
Open chain knee flexion arthrokinematics?
A
Concave tibia on convex femur
First 25 minimal movement
After posterior bone motion roll and glide
25
Open kinetic knee extension arthokinematics?
Concave tibia on convex femur
| Anterior
26
Close chain arthokinematics for knee flexion?
| Sit to stand
Bone motion roll posterior glide anterior
| 25 minimal gliding
27
What is the arthrokinematics for closed kinetic chain knee extension?
Sit to stand
Bone motion roll anterior glide is posterior
28
What is the screw home mechanism closed kinetic chain?
Internal rotation of femur on tibia
29
What is the screw home mechanism open kinetic chain?
External rotation of tibia on femur
30
When does the 20 of rotation occur in the screw home mechanism?
During the last 30 of extension
31
In the open kinetic chain the medial plateau is bigger so it moves_______ causing __________ rotation.
Anterior, external rotation
32
In the closed kinetic chain the medial femoral condlye moves ________ causing ___________ rotation.
Posterior,internal rotation.
33
Unlocking the knee from full extension starts with?
Log posterior to knee
| Popliteaus muslce
34
In closed kinetic chain unlocking cause?
External rotation of femur
35
In open kinetic chain unlocking knee causes?
Internal rotation of femur
36
Limits knee extension
Varus and valgus stress
Anterior posteior transition of tibia on femur
Medial and lateral rotation of tibia on femur
General ligament function
37
This ligament attaches to the joint capsule and medial meniscus
Tight in knee extension
Resist valgus stress
Lateral rotation of tibia
Medial femoral condlye slope ant to medio prox tib
Mcl
38
No joint or menisci attachment
Tight in knee extension
Resist varus stress
Medial rotation of tibia
Lcl
39
Postlat- tight knee extension
Antmed- tight knee flexion
Extra synovial
Resist ant transition, prevent hyperextension
Limit internal rot of tibia
Ant tib to med and lateral menisci to post lat prox knee
ACL
40
```
Postlat tight in extension
Antmed tight in flexion
Extra synovial
Resist post displacement of tibia
Post tib to sup and ant inner knee
```
PCL
41
Acruate ligament y shaped
Tight in full knee extension
Prevent hyperextension
Run post to med tibial plAteau
Posterior capsular ligament
42
Lax and allow great amount of motion
| Vertical fibers that Attach above margins of femoral condlye
Joint capsule
43
Affects patellar tracking
Cylinder invaginated post
Innervated by mechano receptors
Extensor retinaculae
44
Synovial fluid that is not re absorbed when an adult?
Police
45
Biconcave fibrocartilagious tissue between femur and tibia
Menisci
46
Medial menisci is_____ compared to lateral menisci
Wider
47
Menisci attaches to tibia by
Coronal lig
48
Menisci attach to patella by
Patellamensici lig
49
Attach to
Pcl
Popliteaus
Medial femoral condlye
Lateral menisci
50
Attach to
Mcl
Semimembranous
Medial menisci
51
Increase stability by increasing
Congruency
Concavity of plateaus
Surface area
Menisci increased stability by
52
What does the menisci follow?
Femoral condlyes
53
In closed kinetic chain knee flexion the menisci move?
Posterior bc femur moves anterior
54
In open kinetic chain knee extension menisci moves?
Anterior bc femur moves posterior
55
What are the components of the patella femoral joint?
Patella bi convex on concave trochlear notch of femur
56
What is the medial condlye covered in?
Hyaline cartilage
57
The lateral condyle is ________ then the medial condlye
Higher
58
Patellofemoral joint capsule is continuous with
Tibiofemoral joint capsule
59
What is the function of the patellofemoral joint.
Extensor mechanism
Inc lever for quads
Inc pulley for quads
60
In flexion the patella slides ___________ seating Btwn femoral condlyes
Distally
61
In full flexion the patella______ into the intercondylar notch
Sinks
62
In knee extension the patella slides _________ to ant surface of distal femur
Ant
63
In early flexion distal patella is with ________ trochlea
Prox
64
In continued flexion the patella is in_________ contact, more ________ on __________ portion of patella
More, prox, superior
65
The patellas medial facet is ________ intercondylar notch and ________ facet makes first contact during flexion past 90
In, odd
66
The _______ and ________ facet are ________ in the notch during 130 of flexion.
Lateral, odd, sitting in
67
Knee extensor muscle
Quad
| Articularis genu
68
Knee flexor muscles
```
Hamstring
Sartorious
Gracilis
Popliteaus
Gastroc
```
69
Internal rotator of tibia on femur
```
Semimembranous
Semitendious
Gracilis
Sartorious
Popliteaus
```
70
External rotators of tibia on femur
Biceps femoris
| TFL
71
Talus and calcaneous
Hind foot
72
Navicular, cuboid and cunieforms
Mid foot
73
Metatarasals and phalanges
Fore foot
74
Talus, distal fib, tib
Talocruaral joint
75
Talocrural joint component
Wedge talus on concave mortis ( distal tib, fib, fib malleoli)
76
Proximal tib fib joint is
Plane joint
77
Distal tib fib joint is
Syndesmosis
| Concave tib on convex fib.
78
Control valgus motion, check extreme motion
| Very strong lig
Medial collateral lig of talocrural joint
79
Control lateral and varus stress
| Weak lig
Lateral collateral lig of talocrural joint
80
Open kinetic chain arthokinematics of talocrural joint
Convex talus on concave mortis
81
Motions of talocrural joint
Dorsiflexion
| Plantarfleixo.
82
Closed kinetic chain arthokinematics of talocrural joint
Concave mortise on convex talus
83
With dorsiflexion__________ rotation occurs in the talocrural joint
Internal
84
With plantar flexion ___________ rotation occurs in the talocrural joint
External
85
Dampens rotational forces imposed by body weight while maintaining contact of foot with the floor
Prevent unwanted rotational forces
Subtalar joint
86
Interosseous talocalcaneal
Ligamentum cervics
Posterior and lateral talocalcaneal
Ligaments of subtalar joint
87
Posterior facet arthrokinematics for subtalar joint
Concave talus on convex calcanleous
88
Anterior and medial facet arthokinematics for subtalar joint
Convex talus on concave calcaneous facets
89
Subtalar joint arthokinematics go opposite ways so have ________ motion
Scewlike
90
Motions at subtalar joint t
Pronation and supination
91
Adduction
Inversion
Plantar flexion
Supination
92
Abducton
Eversion
Dorsiflexion
Pronation
93
Calcaneous will invert two times as many degrees as evertong
Subtalar neutral
94
Closed kinetic chain of subtalar supination.
Dorsiflexion
Abduction
Inversion
95
Closed kinetic chain of subtalar joint pronation
Plantar flexion
Adduction
Eversion.
96
Talocalcaneal joint is made up of
Talonsvicular and subtalar joint together
97
Key to foot function
| Joint distal to TCN form a single elastic unit moves in response to talus and calcaneous
Talocalcaneonavicular joint functions
98
Made up of talonavicular joint and calcaneocubodial joint
Transverse tarsal joint
| Midtarsal joint
99
Cuboid and navicular are _____-- in weight bearing of transverse tarsal joint.
Immobile
100
Lateral band of bifurcate lig
Dorsal calcomedocuboid lig
Plantar calcomedocuboid lig
Long plantar lig
Lig of midtarsal joint
101
Link between hind foot and forefoot
Add to increase supination and prontation
Rom compensates for forefoot for hind foot postion
Midtarsal joint function
102
Distal tarsal row and base of metatarsals
TarsometatarsAl joint
| Tmt
103
Continuous with midtarsal joint
Regulate position of metatarsals and phalanges and weight bearing surfaces
Adjust for rear foot motion
Hollowing of foot
Tarsometarsal joint
104
Functional unit formed by metatarsal and associated cuneiforms
Rays
105
Allow foot to hinge at toes
Function of metarsophalangeal joint
106
45 flexion
1 mcp rom flexio
107
70 extension
1 mtp rom
108
40 flexion and extension
2-5 mtp
109
Toes extend fascia tighten draw heel towards toes increase stability of foot
More efficient for pushing off
Windlass mechanism
110
Smooth weight bearing shift to opposite foot
| Maintain stability
Interphalangeal joint
111
Calcaneous to toes
| On both side of the foot
Longitudinal arch
112
Tarsals with middle cuneiforms
Transverse tarsal arch
113
Metatarsal
| Second apex of arch
Transverse metatarsal arch
114
Spring lig
Long plantar log
Plantar aponeurosis
Short plantar lig
Lig of arches of foto
115
```
Gastroc and soleus
Plantaris
Tibialis posteior
Flexor hallicus longus
Flexor digitorium longus
Fibularis longus and brevis
```
Plantar flexor muscles
116
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallicus longus
Extensor digitorium longus
Perneous Fibularis
Dorsiflexors
117
Tibialis posterior in open kinetic chains
Supinator
118
Closed kinetic chain posterior tibialis
Pronation eccentrically
119
Attributes of gait
```
Foot clearance
Pre positioning of foot for hs
Stability
Adequate step length
Energy conservation
```
120
Momentum initiated during push off
Swimg phase
121
Toe off and continue until midswing
Acceleration
122
Reference leg pass directly beneath body
Midswing
123
Tibia pass beyond perpendicular and knee extending
Deceleration
124
Low point of cog
Hs--> ff at push off
| Double support
125
High point of cog
Mid stance to mid swing
Single support
Lateral pelvic tilt
126
During midstance knee flexes, giving _______ in cog is limited
Rise
127
Movement of foot ankle knee when cog goes down ( hs) then up (ff)
Knee flexes
Plantar flexion
Pronation
128
Movement of foot ankle knee when cog falls after midstance
Plantarlflexion
Supination
Extension
129
What is the primary function of the knee?
Lengthen and shorten the lower limb
