written CLA theories

Question 1

what is Emergent literacy
who proposed this term

Answer 1

very early child’s attempts to write
Marie Clay

Question 2

name the principles that Marie Clay proposed

Answer 2

1. message principle (something that can be said can also be written)
2. recuring principle (there is limited number of letters, but they can be repeated)
3. Directional (left to right)
4. Generating (limited number of letters they can use, but these can be combined in different ways)
5. Inventory (packaging knowledge together)
6. Contrastive (
7. Flexibility (they become flexible with their writing, and explore how far they can go)

Question 3

who proposed 3 characterisitcs of child’s emergent writing

Answer 3

Yeta Goodman

Question 4

3 characterstics by Yeta Goodman

Answer 4

1. Functional = writing has a purpose
2. Linguistic =writing is a systmen, and it is organised, it has rules, directionality and letters
3. Relational = *connecting spoken with written, phoneme grapheme correspondence *

Question 5

describe early Functional principles
still Yeta Goodman
6x

Answer 5

**labeling/ownership **
extension of memory - diary
sharing info - describing what they like
expression of gratitude
representing real or imagined event -story telling
control of behaviour of parents - Mrs Gunton’s daughter and her drawings

Question 6

tell me the common features of early reading books

Answer 6

Lexis: monosylabic words, high frequency nouns, lexis from familiar context
graphology: text-image cohesion =, falps and windows, interactive features
phonology: rhym, rhythm, onomotopia
grammar:range of sentece functions, repeated constractions, anaphora, simple sentences dominate

Question 7

two types of reading approach
what is the difference

Answer 7

1. Look and Say - understanding the whole word as a unit
2. The phonic approach:
   -Synthetic phonics- decoding words by learining the sounds of individual letters, and then blending the sounds together and pronounce words
   -Analitic phonix - reading a whole word as a unit, learning to recognise patters, BUT then breakingit down into sounds

Question 8

what are the signs in written lang that a child learns through Synthetic phonics

Answer 8

• sounding out words kat=cat
• spell how it sounds

Question 9

what are the signs in written lang that a child learns through Analitic phonics

Answer 9

• recognising whole words ‘cat’- ‘hat,bat’
• relying on context
• common spelling patterns like ‘sh’, ‘ch’, and ‘th’
• high frequency words will be spelt correctly, as they are one unit
• ‘thot’ not ‘thought’ - focusing on patterns, rather then focusing on specific spelling

Question 10

what else affects literacy

Answer 10

-oral story telling
-reading
-role play
-drawings
-toys
-tv, films
-digital media

Question 11

who came up with stages of reading development

Answer 11

Jeanne Chall

Question 12

what are the stages of reading development (Jeanne Chall)

Answer 12

1. Pseudo reading *up to 6 *- imitating the intonation, holding a book
2. decoding 6-7 -identify familiar words,recognize letters/ sounds,
3. Fluency 7-8 - reading becomes faster, sense of the text emerging
4. Reading for Learning 9-13
5. Multiple Viewpoints* 14-18* - how meaning conveyed through texts
6. Construction and reconstruction 18+ - developing own understandings, can skim and scan, recognise what is important in the text and what is not

Question 13

what are the two attitudes to writing development

Answer 13

creative and rule based

Question 14

what has to be developed before writing

Answer 14

-oracy skills
-fine motor skills
-tripod grip (holding a pen)
-understanding of directionality

Question 15

stages of writing process proposed by

Answer 15

Barry Kroll

Question 16

Barry Kroll’s stages

Answer 16

1. Preparatory up to 6 - basic spelling, holding a pen etc
2. Consolidation 7-8 - writing as they speak, short decleratives, using conjunctions ‘and’ ‘but’, often incomplete senteces
3. differentiation 9-10 - different styles of writing understood, still errors made, writing refelcts thoughs and feelings
4. Integration mid-teens - personal style, alter writing accordingto audience and purpose

Question 17

who focused on Genres

Answer 17

Jean Rothery 1980

Question 18

Jean Rothery’s categories

Answer 18

**
* observation
* recount (subjective chronological)
* report (objective, factual)
* narrative**

Question 19

teaching model

Answer 19

deconstruction -> Joint condtruction -> Independent construction

Question 20

who proposed Functional model

Answer 20

james britton

Question 21

James Britton’s functional model

Answer 21

• Expressive (egocentric, expression of self)
• Poetic (artisitc way)
• Transactional (impersonal, for a purpose)

Question 22

name 3 types of writing

Answer 22

print handwriting
cursive
casual cursive

Question 23

spelling satages proposed by

Answer 23

Richard Gentry

Question 24

Richard Gentrys spelling stages

Answer 24

1. Pre-communicative - random
2. Semi-phonetic - one letter represents the whole word
3. Phonetic - spelling based on sounds
4. Transitional - phonetic + visual, silent letters might strat to be acknowledged
5. Conventional -

Question 25

what are Homonyms

Answer 25

words spelled the same, but pronounced differently

Question 26

what are Homophones

Answer 26

words pronounced the same, but spelled differently

Question 27

cognitive underestading must develop at two levels

Answer 27

-Knowledge about content -linguistic knowledge

Question 28

what did Bereiter and Scardamalia suggested about two levels of writing

Answer 28

- a knowldege-telling stroy = sharing what they know (name of a friend) -knowledge transforming startegy = changing the way they present their knowledge (writing abput their friend)

Question 29

7 stages of writing development

Answer 29

Cathu Barclay

Question 30

Cathy Barclay's satges 7x

Answer 30

1. scribbling 2. mock handwriting (shapes on paper) 3. Mock letters (random letters, no p-g cor) 4. Conventional letters (sounds match with symbols) 5. Invented spelling (phonetic spelling,high freq words) 6. appropriate spelling (more complex splling) 7. correct spelling (most words spelled correctly)

Question 31

who came up with idea of Environmental print

Answer 31

Ferreiro and Tabarosky