Written Exam

Question 1

What is the purpose of the collectors?

Answer 1

Transport lymph to lymph nodes in lymphatic trunks

Question 2

Where are the superficial collectors located?

Answer 2

In the superficial fatty tissue, above the fascia

Question 3

What is the purpose of the pre-collectors?

Answer 3

Connect superficial capillaries to superficial collectors

Question 4

What is the purpose of the initial lymph capillary?

Answer 4

Lymph formation

Question 5

What is the purpose of the deep lymphatic system?

Answer 5

Drains the muscles and tendons, joints, and inner organs

Question 6

Where is the deep lymphatic system located?

Answer 6

Beneath the fascia

Question 7

Which structures comprise the superficial lymphatic system?

Answer 7

Initial lymph capillaries, pre-collectors and lymph collectors

Question 8

Which lymphatic structures filter, lymph fluid?

Answer 8

Lymph nodes

Question 9

How much lymph fluid is normally returned to the venous system in 24 hours

Answer 9

2 to 4 L

Question 10

What are the four main components of the lymphatic load?

Answer 10

Water, proteins, cells/cell fragments, and long chain fatty acids

Question 11

What are some common conditions that can cause edema

Answer 11

Heart conditions, pregnancy, venous insufficiencies, renal failure, kidney disease

Question 12

What is the most common cause of lymphedema in the United States?

Answer 12

Breast cancer surgery

Question 13

What is edema?

Answer 13

An accumulation of water in the tissues

Question 14

Where does the thoracic duct originate?

Answer 14

Cisterna chyli

Question 15

What regional lymph nodes do the external genitalia drain into?

Answer 15

Inguinal lymph nodes

Question 16

What group of lymph nodes do the internal reproductive organs drain into?

Answer 16

Pelvic lymph nodes

Question 17

What percentage of lymph from the mammary gland drains into the parasternal lymph nodes? What percentage drains into the axillary lymph nodes?

Answer 17

25% drains into parasternal lymph nodes

75% trains into axillary lymph nodes

Question 18

Where is the bottle neck of the ventromedial bundle located?

Answer 18

Behind the medial femoral condyle/medial aspect of the knee

Question 19

Where do the three chains of the lateral circle triangle drain into?

Answer 19

The left or right venous angle

Question 20

True or false? The clavicle forms the posterior border of the lateral cervical triangle.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

True or false? The sternocleidomastoid muscle forms anterior border of the lateral cervical triangle.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What is the path of the gluteal watershed?

Answer 22

Starts at the sagittal watershed on posterior of the body and curves out laterally to the middle of the Glute. It’s continuation goes down to the popliteal fossa.

Question 23

Where is the sagittal watershed located?

Answer 23

Directly in the center/midline of the body, dividing the body into left and right

Question 24

Where is the location of the lower horizontal watershed? Where does it start and end?

Answer 24

Starts at the umbilicus and follows the caudal limitation of the rib cage to the vertebral column at the level of T 12

Question 25

The horizontal watershed separates what?

Answer 25

Neck and shoulder territory from the arm and thorax territories

Question 26

Where are most of the axillary lymph nodes located?

Answer 26

Between the pectoralis, major, and latissimus dorsi muscles

Question 27

What is the main purpose of the lymphatic system?

Answer 27

To drain the substances, that cannot be drained or reabsorbed by the circulatory system, and returns them to the blood

Question 28

All of the collectors in the forearm, convergent bottle neck at the ________________ _________________.

Answer 28

antecubital fossa

Question 29

The thoracic duct perforates the ____________________.

Answer 29

Diaphragm

Question 30

The majority of the lymph fluid in the body returns to the _________________.

Answer 30

Left venous angle

Question 31

Where does the length from above the upper horizontal watershed drain into?

Answer 31

Cervical lymph nodes

Question 32

Where do the lower quadrant drain into?

Answer 32

Inguinal lymph nodes

Question 33

Where do the upper quadrants drain into?

Answer 33

Axillary lymph nodes

Question 34

On the extremities territories are called what

Answer 34

Bundles

Question 35

Name all of the effects of MLD

Answer 35

Improve activity of one vessels Mobilize lymph fluid Redirect lymph around blocked areas to healthy areas Increase lymph production increase contraction frequency of lymph collectors Create suction affect on distal limbs, collectors Increase venous return Analgesic effect

Question 36

True or false? Lymphedema is a symptom while edema is a disease.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

What are the absolute contra indications for deep abdominal techniques?

Answer 37

Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, recent, abdominal surgery, radiation fibrosis, unexplained pain post, deep vein thrombosis and abdominal area

Question 38

Pregnancy, congestive heart failure, dysmenorrhea, and lleus are contraindications for __________________.

Answer 38

Abdominal techniques

Question 39

Is blood pressure in the arteries higher or lower than blood capillary pressure?

Answer 39

Higher

Question 40

Are what happens when the precapillary sphincter dilates?

Answer 40

More blood will flow into the blood capillary, BCP will increase, filtration will increase

Question 41

What happens when the pre-capillary sphincter contracts?

Answer 41

Less blood flows into blood capillary, BCP, decreases, filtration slows down

Question 42

What upsets equilibrium of starlings law?

Answer 42

Passive hyperemia, active hyperemia, hypoproteinemia

Question 43

What is starlings law?

Answer 43

The amount of fluid filtered from the arterial blood capillaries almost exactly equals the amount of fluid returned to the circulation by reabsorption

Question 44

What is lymph time volume?

Answer 44

The amount of lymph transported in a unit of time

Question 45

What is filtration?

Answer 45

Transport of a solution through a filter provided the membrane is permeable to water

Question 46

What is transport capacity?

Answer 46

The maximum amount of lymph transported with the lymphatic system, working as hard as possible in a given length of time

Question 47

What is a dynamic insufficiency?

Answer 47

A healthy lymphatic system is overwhelmed, high, volume insufficiency

Question 48

What is edema?

Answer 48

Abnormal accumulation of water in the tissues

Question 49

What is lymphedema?

Answer 49

Abnormal accumulation of protein rich fluid in the tissue

Question 50

What is reabsorption?

Answer 50

Process by which water is reabsorb from the tissues back into the venous end of the blood capillaries

Question 51

What is a mechanical insufficiency of the lymphatic system?

Answer 51

Transport capacity drops below, the normal amount of lymphatic load, low-volume insufficiency

Question 52

What is the functional reserve of the lymphatic system?

Answer 52

Back up of the lymphatic system – amount of compensation

Question 53

If a healthy lymphatic system is overwhelmed, and the lymphatic load of water exceeds the transport Capacity, it is called ____________________.

Answer 53

Dynamic insufficiency

Question 54

What is hypoproteinemia?

Answer 54

Abnormal deficiency of the amount of protein in the blood

Question 55

When live volume increases, what happens to lymphangiomotoricity?

Answer 55

it will also increase

Question 56

What is the main function of the lymph nodes?

Answer 56

To filter harmful material out of the lymph fluid and to produce and house lymphocytes and macrophages for immune system function

Question 57

What structures form the medial femoral triangle with a filter located?

Answer 57

Inguinal ligament Gracilis muscle Sartorius muscle

Question 58

What skin areas drain to the inguinal lymph nodes?

Answer 58

Legs Lower quadrants External genitalia

Question 59

What parts of the body do the axillary lymph nodes drain?

Answer 59

Upper quadrant of the trunk and upper extremities

Question 60

How much fluid returns to the left of venous angle in 24 hours?

Answer 60

2 to 4 L

Question 61

The lateral cervical triangle consist of which lymph nodes

Answer 61

Deep, cervical lymph nodes

Question 62

The venous angles are also known as what

Answer 62

The terminus

Question 63

What do veins form the venous angle?

Answer 63

Internal jugular and subclavian

Question 64

What part of the body drain into the right venous angle

Answer 64

Right side of head face and neck Right upper quadrant Right upper extremity

Question 65

What are the two bundles of the lower leg?

Answer 65

Ventromedial and dorsolateral

Question 66

Which part of the nervous system innervates the lymph collectors?

Answer 66

Sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system

Question 67

The rate at which Olympic Indians contract is referred to as ________________________.

Answer 67

Lymphangiomotoricity

Question 68

Increase in lymphangiomotoricity in response to increase lymphatic load is called ________________.

Answer 68

Lymphatic safety factor

Question 69

What are the general absolute contraindications of MLD?

Answer 69

Acute infection Renal failure Cardiac edema

Question 70

What are the absolute contraindications for the neck?

Answer 70

Carotid Endarterectomy Hyper thyroidism History of cerebral vascular accident

Question 71

What are the absolute contraindications for abdominal area?

Answer 71

Inflammatory conditions of the large intestine or small intestine might be