Written Exam One Q91 - Q120

Question 1

91. All of the following are functions of adult adipose tissue EXCEPT
    A. storage of energy in the form of neutral fats
    B. cushioning of sensitive organs and joints
    C. storage of energy in the form of glycogen
    D. thermal insulation in the skin
    E. cushioning of the soles of the feet and palms of the hand

Answer 1

C. storage of energy in the form of glycogen

Question 2

92. All of the following are connective tissues EXCEPT
A. blood
B. cartilage
C. lamina propria
D. capillary endothelium
E. bone marrow

Answer 2

D. capillary endothelium

Question 3

93. All of the following statements correctly describe the cells from which
    adipocytes are derived EXCEPT
    A. undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
    B. monocytes that leave the circulation
    C. fibroblast-like cells with small lipid droplets and a thin external lamina
    D. lipoblasts
    E. cells that are morphologically indistinguishable from fibroblasts

Answer 3

B. monocytes that leave the circulation

Question 4

94. Electron micrographs of white adipose tissue would show all of the
following EXCEPT
A. a rich capillary network
B. numerous plasma cells
C. numerous unmyelinated nerves
D. a reticular fiber network

Answer 4

B. numerous plasma cells

Question 5

95. Hormones involved in various aspects of adipose tissue regulation and
function include which of the following?
A. thyroid hormone
B. glucocorticoids
C. insulin
D. norepinephrine
E. All of the above

Answer 5

E. All of the above

Question 6

96. Each of the following can be used to distinguish between a neutrophil
and a basophil, EXCEPT for:
A. Size of specific granules
B. Shape of the nucleus
C. Number of azurophilic granules
D. The presence or absence of peroxidase
E. The presence of mitochondria

Answer 6

E. The presence of mitochondria

Question 7

97. Which of the following cells is NOT derived from a myeloid stem cell?
A. eosinophil
B. lymphocyte
C. monocyte
D. adipocyte
E. macrophage

Answer 7

D. adipocyte

Question 8

98. Each of the following is true concerning cartilage EXCEPT:
A. avascular
B. lacks nerves and lymph vessels
C. high metabolic rate
D. high tensile strength
E. resilient and pliable

Answer 8

C. high metabolic rate

Question 9

99. Hyaline cartilage is found in all of the following EXCEPT:
A. respiratory tree
B. articular surfaces
C. epiphyseal plates
D. provisional fetal skeleton
E. pinna (auricle) of ear

Answer 9

E. pinna (auricle) of ear

Question 10

100. Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage usually all have each of the
     following EXCEPT:
     A. lacunae
     B. isogenous groups
     C. territorial and interterritorial matrix
     D. sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the ECM
     E. perichondrium

Answer 10

E. perichondrium

Question 11

101. Which cell is the immediate precursor for formation of an osteoclast precursor?
A. CFU-GM
B. CFU-GEMM
C. osteoblast
D. osteoprogenitor cell
E. bone marrow stromal cell

Answer 11

A. CFU-GM

Question 12

102. OPG (osteoprotegerin) binds RANKL and inhibits the RANK-RANKL signaling mechanism that is needed for osteoclast differentiation and maturation. Which cell secretes OPG?
A. CFU-GM
B. CFU-GEMM
C. osteoblast
D. osteoprogenitor cell
E. bone marrow stromal cell

Answer 12

C. osteoblast

Question 13

103. Which cell is characterized by having a ruffled border in direct contact with a bone surface upon which it secretes protons and proteases active at an acid pH?
A. osteoprogenitor cells
B. osteoblasts
C. osteoclasts
D. CFU-GM
E. bone marrow stromal cell

Answer 13

C. osteoclasts

Question 14

104. Which statement concerning the extracellular matrix of cartilage tissue is TRUE?
     A. The high concentration of sulfated GAGs makes the extracellular matrix very hydrophobic
     B. Type II collagen is difficult to discern by light microscopy because it does not form large fiber bundles
     C. The interterritorial matrix contains the highest concentration of sulfated GAGs
     D. All the above
     E. “B” and “C” only

Answer 14

B. Type II collagen is difficult to discern by light microscopy because it does not form large fiber bundles

Question 15

105. Endosteum lines each of the following, EXCEPT:
     A. Haversian canals (central canals of an osteon)
     B. Volkmann’s canals (perforating canals)
     C. marrow cavity
     D. canaliculi
     E. trabeculae of spongy bone

Answer 15

D. canaliculi

Question 16

106. Which of the following occurs during endochondrial ossification?
A. proliferation of chondrocytes
B. hypertrophy of chondrocytes
C. death of chondrocytes
D. calcification of cartilage matrix
E. All of the above

Answer 16

E. All of the above

Question 17

107. Which of the following is MISMATCHED?
     A. spongy bone : cancellous bone
     B. resorption (erosion) lacunae : ostoclast
     C. Volkmann’s canals : perforating canals
     D. woven bone : highly lamellar
     E. capable of cell division : osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 17

D. woven bone : highly lamellar

Question 18

108. Osteoid is most closely associated with the biochemical activity of
A. osteoclasts
B. chondrocytes
C. osteoblasts
D. chondroblasts
E. osteocytes

Answer 18

C. osteoblasts

Question 19

109. Which of the following processes has an osteoclast undergone?
A. Neither karyokinesis nor cytokinesis
B. Karyokinesis, but not cytokinesis
C. Cytokinesis, but not karyokinesis
D. Both karyokinesis and cytokinesis

Answer 19

A. Neither karyokinesis nor cytokinesis

Question 20

110. The layered appearance of lamellar bone results from the regular
arrangement of
A. canaliculi
B. collagen
C. cement lines
D. hydroxyapatite
E. lacunae

Answer 20

E. lacunae

Question 21

111. Which of the following is TRUE concerning osteoblasts?
     A. Osteoblasts can be found along actively forming surfaces of bone
     B. The lifespan of osteoblasts is extended by increased levels of estrogen
     C. Osteoblasts can modulate the maturation of osteoclasts by producing
     signaling molecules (e.g. Rank ligand and osteoprotegerin)
     D. Osteoblasts may differentiate into either bone lining cells or osteocytes
     E. All the above

Answer 21

E. All the above

Question 22

112. Interstitial lamellae:
     A. May contain remnants of areas of circumferential lamellar bone
     B. May contain partial remnants of Haversian systems
     C. Will be more mineralized than the bone found in adjacent Haversian
     systems
     D. All the above
     E. “B” and “C” only

Answer 22

D. All the above

Question 23

113. A mixed spicule of bone is defined as one that contains:
     A. Lamellar bone that surrounds a core of woven bone
     B. Woven bone that surrounds a calcified cartilage core
     C. Circumferential lamellar bone with Haversian systems at its core
     D. Both cortical and cancellous bone

Answer 23

B. Woven bone that surrounds a calcified cartilage core

Question 24

114. Which of the following is true concerning the synovial membrane of a synovial joint:
     A. It is lined by an epithelium
     B. It lines all surfaces of the joint including the capsule and articular
     cartilage
     C. Its ‘Type B’ cells secrete synovial fluid
     D. Its connective tissue is avascular
     E. All the above

Answer 24

C. Its ‘Type B’ cells secrete synovial fluid

Question 25

115. Which of the following properties is exhibited in all three types of cartilage? A. Involved in bone formation B. Has type I collagen C. Has type II collagen D. Grows interstitially and appositionally E. Has a perichondrium

Answer 25

C. Has type II collagen

Question 26

``` 116. The synovial fluid of a normal joint is usually devoid of collagen. Patients suffering from rheumatoid diseases were shown to contain a collagen in their synovial fluid that is characteristic of the tissue being damaged. If a patient has type II collagen in her synovial fluid, which of the following tissues is most likely being eroded? A. vascular endothelium B. compact bone C. vascular smooth muscle D. articular cartilage E. synovial membrane ```

Answer 26

D. articular cartilage

Question 27

``` 117. Which of the following is ABSENT during intramembranous bone formation? A. osteoprogenitor cells B. osteoblasts C. osteoclasts D. calcified cartilage E. periosteum ```

Answer 27

D. calcified cartilage

Question 28

``` 118. Which cell produces the RANKL (RANK ligand) that binds to the cell surface receptor molecule called RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B) on the osteoclast precursor? A. CFU-GM B. CFU-GEMM C. osteoblast D. osteoprogenitor cell E. bone marrow stromal cell ```

Answer 28

E. bone marrow stromal cell

Question 29

119. The development of nodules with germinal centers in the white pulp of the spleen is stimulated by: A. accumulation of worn-out RBCs B. foreign antigens carried in the blood C. accumulation of breakdown products of RBCs D. foreign antigens carried in the lymph

Answer 29

B. foreign antigens carried in the blood

Question 30

``` 120. The reticular cells of a lymph node most closely resemble: A. macrophages B. squamous epithelial cells C. endothelial cells D. smooth muscle cells E. fibroblasts ```

Answer 30

E. fibroblasts