Written mpq past q 2 Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
Joint injections: tarsus (Eq)
A
- injections:
- Tarsocrural (comm. w. prox. intertarsal) - dorsomedial bw tibia and talus. Needle is inserted 4cm dist. to the medial malleolus, on the med/lat aspect of saphenous v.
- Dist. intertarsal: needle is inserted 1,5cm dist. to the line bw. the med. eminence of talus and the med. eminence of Tc. (may comm. w. the tarsometatarsal joint, but never w. the prox. intertarsal joint)
- Tarsometatarsal (comm. w. dist. intertarsal in 30% of horses): needle is inserted prox. to the head of the lat. splintbone (Mt4), bw. Mt4 and T4
2
Q
Joint injections: stifle (Eq)
A
Femoropatellar sac:
- Lateral: joint recess of extensor groove (recessus subextensorius). Needle is inserted bw. lat. patellar lig. and tendon of EDL
- Cranial: bw medial and intermediate patellar ligaments, 4cm prox. to the tibial tuberosity
3
Q
Joint injections: Fetlock (Eq)
A
Two options:
- Through dorsal recess: lat or med to extensor tendon (EDC), prox. to the joint
- Through palmar recess (better): bw cannon bone and m.interosseu, dist. to the lateral splint bone
4
Q
Joint injections: stifle (ca)
A
Make a cross bw patellar ligament and lat collat lig, above meniscus and behind long dig ext tendon
5
Q
Nerve blocks: common peroneal (Eq)
A
Lateral aspect, 12 cm prox to tuber calcanei btw long and lat dig extensors (not palpable)
6
Q
Nerve blocks: common and deep peroneal (ca)
A
- Common: Feel nerve on the head of fibula, inject just distal to it
- Deep peroneal: groove btw long dig extensor and peroneus longus, halfway btw stifle and tarsus (watchout for saphenous vein)
7
Q
Pulsetaking: metatarsal
A
Dorsal pedal artery
8
Q
Pulsetaking: Eq/ca/Ru
A
Eq- facial
Ca- femoral
Ru- coccygeal artery
9
Q
Blooddrawing IV: Ru/Eq/ca
A
Ru- vena cava cran, v.jugularis
Eq- external jugular
Ca- external juguarl, cephalic ,saphenous
10
Q
Ractal exam: Can you palpate the spermatic cord in Eq?
A
Yes
11
Q
Ractal exam: Which kidney can you palpate in Eq?
A
Caudal part of left kidney
12
Q
Ractal exam: Which inguinal ring can you feel in Eq?
A
Deep
13
Q
Ractal exam: Which diverticulum can you feel in Ru?
A
Suburethral
14
Q
Ractal exam: what can you find in a rectal examination of Ru?
A
- Left- rumen, abomasum, spleen
- Middle- kidneys, left ureter, ovaries
- Right- small intestines, caudal flexure of duodenum, bladder, uterus, colon
15
Q
Does the perineum cover the cervix?
A
No
16
Q
Does the peritoneum cover the cervix?
A
Yes
17
Q
Does the mediastinum cover the cervix?
A
No
18
Q
Where is descending duodenum?
A
Right
19
Q
Direction of ascending duodenum?
A
Cranially on left
20
Q
Difference btw right and left uterine horns?
A
Right is longer/more cranial, left is looser (longer suspension)
21
Q
What is cranial to lig viscae lateralis?
A
Lig teres vesicae
22
Q
Eq: Which portion of left kidney in greater mesentery?
A
Dorsal
23
Q
Eq: How does the colon travel?
A
R ventral - sternal flexure - L ventral - pelvic flexure - L dorsal - diaphragmatic flexure - R dorsal - ampulla
24
Q
Eq: Where is the spleen?
A
Left dorsal cranial
25
Eq: Where is the ostium ileocecale?
Right mid ventral (7cm down and cranial to tuber coxae)
26
Eq: Where is the small intestines?
Left dorsal caudal
27
Eq: Where is the pelvic flexure?
Left caudoventral btw left ventral and left dorsal loops
28
Eq: Where is the caecum?
Right dorsal apex at sternum and base at paralumbar fossa
29
Eq: Which direction does the ileum go?
Left to right
30
Eq: How many ligaments of bladder?
3
31
Ru: Where is the omasum?
Dorsal to reticulum, covered by omentum, facies liber on right, above abomasum
32
Ru: Where is the abomasum?
Right ventral
33
Ru: Where is the rumen?
Fills left side
34
Ru: Where is the left kidney?
Retroperitoneal, caudal to right kidney, in midline.
35
Ru: Where is the greater momentum attached?
On rumen, along sulcus longitudinalis sin, caud, and longitudinalis dext
36
Ru: Where is the reticulum?
Left ventral abdominal wall, 6-9 (debated) ic space, directly ventral to cardia, against sternum
37
Ru: Where is the liver?
Right of reticulum and omasum
38
Ru: What do you find at the female urethra?
Suburethral diverticulum
39
Ru: What is the direction of the hills of left kidney?
Dorsal
40
Ru: What is the position of omasum relative to reticulum?
Dorsal/caudal/dext
41
Ru: What is in contact with the right of the omasum?
Liver
42
Ru: What is caudal to the omasum?
Abomasum
43
Ru: What is the position of the sigmoid flexure of the colon relative to the deferent duct?
Caudal
44
Ru: On which side of the greater momentum is the colon desc?
Lamina visceralis
45
Ru: On which side of the greater momentum is the colon centripetalis?
Lamina visceralis
46
Ru: What organs are around the greater momentum?
- Visceral: colon, jejunum.
| - Parietal: liver, spleen, kidney
47
Ru: Is the abomasum in contact with abdominal wall?
Yes
48
Ru: Describe the ascending colon?
ansa proximalis (cau) -> gyri centripetalis -> flexura centralis -> gyri centrifugalis -> ansa distalis (cran)
49
Ru: Folds of the rumen?
Villi or papillae
50
Ca: Which male accessory gland is at the neck of the bladder?
Prostate
51
Ca: Where is the gall bladder?
Btw right medial and quadrate lobes
52
Ca: Does stomach contact abdominal wall?
Only when full
53
Ca: is cervix intra or retroperitoneal?
Retro (?)
54
Which ligament is attached to joint capsule of stifle?
Medial collateral
55
Do tarsocrural and proximal tarsal communicate?
Yes
56
If you insert a pin to the tuber clacanei which tendons do you go through?
Gastrocnemius and SDF
57
Eq: Which ligaments attach the patella?
Medial and intermediate
58
Eq: Which meniscus is not attached to femur?
Medial (lat has meniscofemoral lig.)
59
Eq: Which femorotibial capsule communicates with the femoropatellar capsule?
Medial
60
Eq: How do you treat club hoof?
Cut accessory ligament of DDF or SDF tendon
61
Eq: What is bone spavin and how to treat it?
Tarso-metatarsal ankylosis. Cut medial tendon of insertion of tibialis cranialis
62
Eq: What is arthrotomy of the fetlock joint?
Removal of apical sesamoids fracture
63
Eq: Which lameness indicates joint degeneration?
Supportive leg lameness
64
Eq: Which lameness indicates muscle, tendon or ligament damage?
Swinging leg lameness
65
Eq: Do lat and med stifle capsule communicate?
No
66
Eq: How do you check bone spavin?
Flex tarsus for a while, if lameness worsens is bone spavin
67
Eq: If tuber calcanei is fractured what cant be done?
Extension of hock
68
Ru: Name the patellar ligaments?
Lateral, medial, intermediate
69
Ru: Do lat and med stifle capsule communicate?
Yes
70
Ca: Do lat and med stifle capsule communicate?
Yes
71
Where can you find the cardiac dullness in Ru/Eq/Ca?
Ru- only left, 3-4 ic space
Eq- left 3-5, right 4-5
Ca - left 4-6, right 4-5
72
Relative dullness?
1-2cm in small animals, 3-4cm in large
73
what is relaive dullness?
where the heart is partly covered by lungs, not in contact with thoracic wall
74
what recess surrounds margo acutus of lungs?
costodiaphragmatic
75
what is the role of recesses?
fluid traps.
76
which heart wall is more cranial?
right
77
Ca: which heart sound is more cranial?
pulmonary trunk (3rd ic, sternum)
78
Where is the oesophagus?
dorsal to trachea in neck, then falls to left in thorax
79
Eq: which sinus does not communicate with maxillary sinus?
none
80
Eq: which concha connects to frontal sinus?
Dorsal
81
Eq: Is the maxillary sinus divided?
yes by septum into rost and caud and partly by infraorbital canal into lat and med.
82
Ru: which sinus extends into the horns?
frontal (into recessus cornualis)
83
Ru: describe the sinus system
- separated into ventral and dorsal systems
- maxillary does not communicate with frontal!
- frontal is divided by septum into rost and caud.
- Lacrimal+Maxillary+Palatine -> Middle nasi meatus
- Frontal+Sphenoid+Conchal -> Ethmoidal
84
innervation of II?
optic nerve- retina
85
efferent nerve of pupillary reflex?
oculomotor (III)
86
afferent nerve of pupillary reflex?
optic (II)
87
innervation of III oculomotor ?
dors vent and med rectus mm
vent oblique
levator palpebralis
sphincter pupillae
88
facial nerve is for?
facial expression mm, sensory to skin, special sensory to tongue via chorda tympani
89
nerves of palpaebrae?
afferent- trigeminal (ophthalmic), efferent- facial
90
nerves of nostrils?
maxillary- infraorbital, caudal nasal. ophthalmic- nasociliary
91
sensory nerves of tounge?
glossopharyngeal (ix), facial (vii), mandibular (v3)
92
motor of toungue?
hypoglossal (xii)
93
what is blocked by mandibular nerve block?
salivary glands, mastication mm, lower teeth, lower lip, tongue, part of external ear
94
muscular innervation of trigeminal?
mastication
95
Eq: Innervation of the head?
Eyes: abducent, trochlear, oculomotor, optic.
Muscles: trigeminal, facial
Mouth: vagus, glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal
or: infraorbital, supraorbital, infratrochlear, mental, facial, auriculotemporal
96
Ru: Which nerve should be anaesthetised when dehorning?
- zygomatic (V2) -> zygomatictemporal -> cornual
- auriculopalpebral (VII)
- auricular (caudal ex.VII->auriculopalpebral, rost. ex.V3->auriculotemporal)
- C1 and C2
97
Which species have patellar lymph node?
Eq
98
which species have suburethral diverticulum?
Su and Ru
99
what is auscultation and percussion?
auscultation- listening with ear or stethoscope
| percussion- tapping to hear resonance/dullness
100
what is the first heart sound?
closure of AV valves, systole
101
what is the second heart sound?
closure of semilunar valves, diastole
102
when can't you heart heart sounds?
inspiration
103
when can you hear them?
expiration
104
blood supply of retina?
ophthalmic artery from internal carotid
105
what lymphnode is between latissimus dorsi and deep pectoral?
accessory axillary
106
Eq: when does Di2 erupt?
6 weeks
107
borders of viborg's triangle?
area of guttural pouch drainage- linguofacial vein, caudal border of mandible, tendon of m.sternomandibularis
108
what structures are in incisura vasorum facialum?
facial a and v, parotid duct
109
Ca: what large salivary gland can not be palpated?
zygomatic
110
Vertebrae in Ca/Eq/Ru/Su
Ca: 7c 13th 7l 3s (13 ribs)
Eq: 7c 18th 6l 5s (18 ribs)
Ru: 7c 13th 6l 5s (13 ribs)
Su: 7c 14-15th 6l 4s (14-15 ribs)
111
Dental formula in Ca/Eq/Ru/su
```
Ca: 42
3.1.4.2
3.1.4.3
Eq: 40(42)
3.1.3(2).3. (if 4th premolar is present, it is called lupinus)
3.1.3.3.
Ru: 32
0.0.3.3.
3.0.3.3.
Su: 44
3.1.4.3.
3.1.4.3.
```
112
Eq: what communicates with caud maxillary?
conchofrontal and sphenopalatine
