Wrong anwers Flashcards by alex pa

tumors from the penis, skin of the vagina, and anal canal below the dentate line drain to which lymph nodes

superficial group of the inguinal lymph nodes

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these lymph nodes drain lower extermities, gluteal region, and skin below the umbillicus

superficial group of the inguinal lymph nodes

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nerves that do general sensation and taste to the posterior 1/3 of tounge

CN 9

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Nerves that do general sensation and taste to the anterior 2/3 of tounge

CN 5 sensation CN 7 taste

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palatoglossa muscle is innervated by

CN X pulls tounge up to palate during swallowing

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Ratio of gland depth to thickness in Chronic Bronchitis

Reid Index

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Measeles what virus family

Paramyxoviridae

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structure that normally induces the development of the adult kidney

Ureteric bud

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incidence =

new cases / suscepitlbe population (subract those with the disease our)

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presence of more than 5 cafe-au-lait spots suggests

NF1 Chromo 17 AD inheritance Neurofibromas

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mnemonic for NF1

CAFESPOTS Cafe-au-lait spots Axillary Freckling Eye nodules Scoliosis Pheochromocytoma Optic “Tumor” (glioma)

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Frequent mucosal infections suggest this immunodeficiency (can be asymptomatic)

IgA deficiency

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I cells in the Duodenum and Jujuneum prodeuce

CCK

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S cells in the Duodenum produce _____ in response to

Secritin –> Pancreae secrete Bicarb in response to lowered pH or Fatty Acids present

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Secritin does

Inhibits Pariatel cell secreting H+ Stims D cells to release Somatostatin Stims Pancrase to relase Bicarb

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D cells in stomach and Duodenum produce

Somatostatin

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Black Pigmented stones are High or Low in Cholesterol “Intervascular Hemoysis”

Low Usually Calcium Bilirubinate

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Hepatocyte zone containing the CYP450 enzymes

Zone 3, Pericentral vein zone Toxic metabolites and ischemia affects here

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Hypothalamic feeding center

Lateral Nucleus “Let me have it” Stim= Obese Destroy=Starve

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Hypothalamic Satiety center

Ventromedial Nucleus “Ven get thin with Leptin”

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Kartaginer Syndrome is due to ________ and Sx

loss of dyein —> imparied vessicle tranport, lung infectins, decreased sperm motility

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In Hardy Weinberg the frequency of the non mutated Allele A equals= frequency of the mutated Allele a equals=

A=p a=q p+q=1 p^2+2pq+q^2=1

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Kinky Hair “Menkes Disease” leads to decrease in

Cu can’t be transported into the blood stream —> Cu defficency —> - Lysyl oxidase deficiency —>cross links collagen fibers -Cytochorme —>C dysfunction -Tyrosinase —> low melanin (hypopygmatenation)

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Infectious agent that can cause bloody diarrhea and a “pseudoappendicitis” pain in the right lower quadrant.

Yersinia Enterocolitica

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common site for volvulus in the Eldery

Sigmoid colon Constipation can predispose to this

Microaerophilic,oxidase-poitive, gram negative, curved rod with polar flagella causes gastroenteritis

Campylobacter jejuni

abdominal viscera not covered by amnionic membrane in a new born caused by

Incomplete fusion of the lateral body fold (Gastroschisis)

Enterotoxigenic e-coli. toxins works how? (two)

LT = heat labile toxin : activates adenylate by ADP ribosylation---\> increase cAMP ST= stimulates guanylate cyclase ---\> increase cAMP

How does EHEC toxin work

0157:H7 shigella-like toxin 1 and 2 , N-glycosylation of the 28S rRNA---\> inhibits 60 sub unit --\>decreases protein synthesis

C diff toxin A and B works how?

A- attracts granuloycytes B- is cytopathic

Test for ZE syndrome

Secretin Test W/ ZE ----\>Grastrin Increases

anti smooth muscle antibodies elevated ANA fatigue and jaundice

Autoimmune hepatitis

high pitched "tinkly" bowel sounds euqal

small bowl obstruction from.... ie. Ascaris Luburcoidies

type 1 muscle fibers are

slow twitch, less glycogen density

Chronic high blood pressure leads to increase, decrease, or no change in the number of arterioles

decrease over perfusions ---\> decrease vasodiltatory metabolites --\> vasoconstriction ---\> disassembly of the arterioles

multiple seborrheic keratosis is called, can be a sign of

Leser Trelat sign Malignancy (most likely gastric adenocarinoma)

Mid brain Cranial Nerves

3 and 4

Upper pons Cranial Nerves

Lower Pons

6, 7 ,8

Medulla

9, 10, 12

Tactile and Vibratory senses long tacts

Medial Lemniscus

- Tongue deviation (towards lesion) - Hemiparesis - loss of tactile and vibratory sensation Is called what? Caused by?

- Medial Medullary Syndrome - occlusion of Anterior Spinal Artery a branch of the Vertebral artery - Tongue deviation (CN 12) - Hemiparesis - corticospinal lesion tactile and vibratory sensation (medial lemniscus)

- Ispilateral facial paralysis - Ipsilateral sensorinerual deafness nystagmus with fast phase to opposite side - ipsilateral pain and temperature loss of the face - dystaxia due to damage of the middle and inferior cerebella penduncles Is called what? Caused by?

Lateral Pontine syndrome AICA occlussion = branch of the basilar - face paralysis (facial nucleus) -sensorineural deafness (cochlear nucleus) - nystagmus (vestibular involvement) - pain and temp loss of face (spinal tri gem) dystaxia (middle and inferior cerebella peduncles)

- Deficits in Pain and Temperature over the contralateral body - Ipsilateral dysphagia, hoarseness, and diminished gag reflex - Vertigo, dipolpia, nystagmus, and vomiting - Ipsilateral Horner Syndrome - Ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation of the face Is called what? Caused by ?

Lateral Medullary Syndrome (Wallenberg syndrome) PICA occlusion = branch of the Vertebral artery -pain and temp body (spinothalamic) - dysphagia, hoarseness, and gag reflexes (interruption of the vagal and glossopharyngeal pathways) - vertigo, diplopia, nystagmus, and vomiting (vestibular dysfunction) - Horner (desencing sympathetic fibers) - pain and temp of face (spinal tract and nucleus of the Tri Gem)

Complete Mole number of chromosomes? Chance for choriocarcinoma? fetal parts?

- Empty egg "completly" fertilized by father - 46 (diploid) two sperm (20%) or one sperm with duplicate chromosome - the "complete" chance of choriocarcinoma (around 2%) - no fetal parts

Primum type of Atrial septal defect is cuased by

Secundum type of Atrial Septal defect is formed

Young child Rash, often ill, brusies easily, dry lightly scally skin with many excoriations, bruises, petechiae Disease? Inheritance? Gene mutation?

Wiskott- Aldrich syndrome X-linked ressesive Lymphoid Malignancies WASP gene (reorganization of the heatopietic cell cytoskeleton)

Bone pain at night that is relived by NSAIDS Disease? syndrome?

Osteoid Osteoma Gardner syndrome

fracture of the lateral epicondyle could injure what nerve

Radial Nerve passes anterior to the condyle ="Wrist Drop

Fracture of the medial epicondyle may injure what nerve

Ulnar Nerve passes just behind this structre =Claw hand, rignt and small finger

Axillary nerve runs over what landmark of the humerus

Surgical neck

mid-shaft fracture of the humerus may injur whwat nerve and artery

Radial Nerve and possibly the Profounda Brachii artery

Edema of mucosal surfaces Disease? Inheritance? and Deficiency?

Hereditary Angioedema AD defieiency of C1 esterase inhibitor

Painful small subepidermal phtosensitive bilsters Negative Nikoslky sign

Porphyria Cutanea Tarta MC form of porphyria AD inheritance Defective Uroporphyrinongen Decarboxylase Sx D/T Photo sensative prphyrin compunds close to the skin

Radio active D₂O is used to measure

Total Body Water Rapidly diffuses throughout entire body

Condition Patient with eye pain, headache, nausea and vomiting, blurry vision and see halos around lights increased intraocular pressure

Acute or angle closure Gluacoma could be from an Anit M or an alpha 1 agonist

Nerve that traverses over the anterior scalene muscle

Phrenic

Radioactive Sodum, Inulin, Mannitol, or Sucrose is used to measure

Extracellular fluid Rapidly diffuse through cappillary walls but do no diffuse into cells

Radio-iodinated serum albumin is used to measure

Plasma Volume bind to plasma proteins and is to large to diffuse thorugh capillary walls

what goes through the optic canal

CN2 and ophthalmic artery

what goes through the superior orbital fissure

CN 3, 4, 6 ophthalmic nerve V₁ and veins

What goes through the Forman Rotundum

Maxillary Nerve V₂

What goes through the Forman Ovale

Mandibular Nerve V₂

What goes through the forman spinosum

Middle Meningeal Artery

What goes thrugh the Jugular forman

CN 9, 10, 11

What goes through the Foramen Magum

CN 11, spinal cord, and vertebral arteries

What goes through the stylomastoid foramen

CN 7

What goes through the internal auditory meatus

CN 7 and 8