Wrong questions Flashcards

(158 cards)

1
Q

Which of the following is the proper treatment of the cost of equipment used in research and development activities that will have alternative future uses?

A

Capitalized and depreciated over its estimated useful life.

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2
Q

In non-monetary exchanges with cash how is gain recognized?

A

Gain is recognized as the proportionate percentage of the cash paid. If the cash is 20% of the transaction, 20% of the gain over book value is reported.

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3
Q

A balance arising from the translation or remeasurement of a subsidiary’s foreign currency financial statements is reported in the consolidated income statement when the subsidiary’s functional currency is

A

The US dollar, not foreign currency.

When the subsidiary’s functional currency is the foreign currency, financial statements will be translated into US dollars and the translation adjustment is reported in other comprehensive income, not on the income statement. When the functional currency is the US dollar, the financial statements are remeasured and the remeasurement adjustment is included in income.

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4
Q

Realization is:

A

the conversion of an item or service into cash or a claim to cash as would be the case when equipment is sold for a note receivable. Realization occurs at the time that an entity converts goods or services into accounts receivable, and not necessarily when the receivable is collected.

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5
Q

Faithful Representation

A

Free from error, Neutrality, Completeness

Roger is never on the FENCe

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6
Q

Under IFRS the equity method of accounting is used for both joint operations and joint ventures. Joint ventures involve both shared control and rights to the arrangement’s net assets. Joint operations involve shared control but no rights to the arrangement’s net assets, and are accounted for with an equity method approach known as

A

The equity method accounting approach used for joint operations under IFRS is known as the proportionate consolidation approach.

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7
Q

Under book value method, for conversion of bonds into stock, which bond value is used to compute APIC?

A

Carrying value

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8
Q

The market price of a bond issued at a discount is the present value of its principal amount at the market (effective) rate of interest plus:

A

the present value of future interest payments, calculated using the market rate of interest

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9
Q

What is the maximum amount of interest that may be capitalized under GAAP.

A

The maximum amount of interest that may be capitalized under GAAP is based on the weighted average cumulative expenditures for the year.

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10
Q

When USD is functional and reporting currency but not local currency, when preparing statements

A

Remeasure from local currency to USD.

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11
Q

Appropriate methods for recognizing expenses are:

A

Cause and effect, such as charging inventory to cost of goods sold
Systematic and rational allocation, such as depreciation of property and equipment
Immediate recognition, such as recognizing salaries expense as it is incurred.

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12
Q

What does comprehensive income include?

A

Comprehensive income includes all changes to equity other than owner-related items.

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13
Q

Recognition is;

A

Booking an item in the financial statements.

Recognize when it meets the definition of an element, can be measured in monetary terms, item is relevant and faithfully represented.

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14
Q

Realization is:

A

Converting non-cash to cash or cash claim

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15
Q

How is inventory valued in IFRS?

A

Under IFRS, all inventory is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

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16
Q

Accumulated other comprehensive income is reported in which of the following financial statements?

A

The statement of financial position.

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17
Q

What are the Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts intended to establish?

A

The objectives and concepts for use in developing standards of financial accounting and reporting.

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18
Q

According to the FASB conceptual framework, comprehensive income includes:

A

Comprehensive income includes all changes to equity other than owner-related items.

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19
Q

According to the FASB conceptual framework, which of the following is an enhancing quality that relates to both relevance and faithful representation?

A

The enhancing qualitative characteristics of financial reporting relate to both relevance and faithful representation. They are (Roger is CUT-V – CUT like a V) comparability, understandability, timeliness, and verifiability.

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20
Q

How is fair value determined when there is no principle market?

A

When there is no principle market, the value is determined using observable market data from the most advantageous market, which is the market in which the entity’s proceeds, net of transaction and transportation costs, is the greatest.

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21
Q

What are the objectives of financial reporting?

A

The objectives of financial reporting include providing information that is useful to investors and creditors, providing information about an entity’s resources and claims against them, reporting changes in the entity’s economic resources and claims, reporting performance measured using accrual accounting, measuring financial performance in terms of cash flows, and reporting changes in economic resources and claims from sources other than the entity’s financial performance. Indirectly providing information about management’s performance regarding its stewardship responsibility is an additional objective.

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22
Q

What are the 3 basic elements of financial reporting?

A

assets, liabilities, and equity or net assets. Revenues, expenses, gains, and losses are elements of comprehensive income, which is a component of equity

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23
Q

What are appropriate methods for recognizing expenses?

A

cause and effect, such as charging inventory to cost of goods sold; systematic and rational allocation, such as depreciation of property and equipment; and immediate recognition, such as recognizing salaries expense as it is incurred.

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24
Q

In order for an item to qualify for recognition on the financial statements, it should:

A

meet the definition of an element of financial statements; be measurable with reasonable reliability; be relevant to users; and is based on information that is representationally faithful, verifiable, and neutral.

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25
asset valuation accounts are
Neither assets nor liabilities
26
Consistency and feedback relate most closely to which two of the following accounting concepts, respectively?
Predictive value and confirmatory value
27
What are the 4 types of pronouncements at the highest level of authority, in order of authority?
FASB Statements of Financial Accounting Standards, FASB Interpretations, AICPA Accounting Principles Board Opinions, and AICPA Accounting Research Bulletins.
28
Under IFRS, when may financial liabilities be measured at fair value?
Under IFRS, financial liabilities are generally measured at amortized cost. They may be measured at fair value, however, when it will result in more relevant information. IFRS does not provide for the election of a fair value option.
29
Speculation Derivatives
Non-hedge. Income Statement in Continuing Operations
30
Fair Value Hedges
For something already owned or a firm purchase commitment. loss or gain in Income Statement in Continuing Operations. Corresponding loss or gain for hedged item.
31
Cash Flow Hedges
For forecasted future transactions. Balance Sheet in OCI USE SPOT RATE to compute reported at its fair value on the balance sheet and any increases or decreases are recognized as unrealized gains or losses in other comprehensive income. The hedged item is accounted for in the same manner as if it were not being hedged. When changes in the hedged item are reported in income, under its normal accounting procedures, the corresponding amounts will be reclassified from other comprehensive income and recognized in income.
32
Foreign Currency Hedges
For when functional currency is not USD. Balance Sheet in OCI.
33
Held to maturity
Carried at cost. Discount or premium amortized using effective interest method.
34
Trading Securities
Reported at FMV at statement date. Gains or Losses reported in net income (from continuing operations) on the income statement.
35
Available for Sale
Reported at FMV on statement date. Cumulative amount of unrealized gain or loss reported as part of Stockholder's Equity, Accumulated OCI. and also as a valuation allowance reducing the investment account
36
Forward Exchange Contract
A derivative, reported at fair value on every balance sheet date and unrealized gains and losses are recognized in the period of the change in the exchange rate.
37
IFRS Inventory Valuation
Lower of Cost or Net Realizable Value
38
LIFO Valuation
Lower of Cost or Market, but must calculate replacement cost, ceiling (NRV) and floor (NRV - normal profit margin) and pick the number in the middle as market.
39
To calculate impairment loss
Comparing the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows over the remaining life of the asset to its carrying value reveals that an impairment loss has occurred. The amount of loss is determined by comparing the asset’s book value to its fair value.
40
Which inventory costing method would a company that wishes to minimize net income in a period of rising prices use?
LIFO will end up with the lowest ending inventory and highest cost of sale
41
When an asset is exchanged for another asset in a nonmonetary transaction that lacks commercial substance, how do we handle gain and the amount recorded for the new asset if no cash exchanged?
Gain is only recognized if there is boot and only a proportionate share as compared to the total gain on fair values. With no recognized gain, the amount recorded for the new asset is the carrying value of the old asset
42
Which inventory costing method would a company that wishes to maximize profits in a period of rising prices use?
FIFO
43
Foreign Currency Transactions are recognized
At the spot rate on the date of transaction.
44
Functional currency is:
The currency that has the greatest influence on the transactions of the company.
45
Financial instruments in a foreign currency are:
Remeasured at the spot rate on the balance sheet date. Increase or decrease is recognized as income or loss.
46
If not hedged, then forward exchange contract is
Reported at Fair Value and gains and losses reported on income statement. Based on the forward rate at date of contract. Adjusted for financial statements using appropriate forward rate.
47
How are component units presented in a city's combined financial statements?
Discrete presentation. Separately elected officials, and not primary to the government itself.
48
Permanent funds account for an: report resources that are:
Restricted such that only earnings, not principal, may be expended for the support of government programs for the benefit of a government or its citizens. The principal must be invested in perpetuity.
49
Governmental Funds. (focus, emphasis, funding, reporting method and list of funds)
Budgetary focus Current financial resources Funded by taxation and mandatory payments Modified Accrual 5 funds, General, Special Revenue, Capital Projects, Debt Service, and Permanent.
50
Proprietary Funds. (focus, emphasis, funding, reporting method and list of funds)
``` Operations focus Economic Resource approach Funded by voluntary payments Accrual Resemble businesses 2 funds, Internal Service and Enterprise Funds ```
51
Fiduciary Funds. (focus, emphasis, funding, reporting method, and list of funds)
``` Accounting for assets economic Resource approach Funded by voluntary payments Accrual Resemble non-profits 4 funds, Pension Trust, Investment Trust, Private Purpose Trust, Agency fund. ```
52
List the modified accrual funds:
``` PD Consents to Smoking Grass Permanent Debt Service Capital Projects Special Revenue General ```
53
List the accrual funds:
``` I PIPE Alot - Accrual Funds record depreciation Internal Service Pension Trust Investment Trust Private Purpose Trust Enterprise Fund Agency Fund ```
54
Describe the General Fund.
``` Governmental Fund Modified Accrual Ordinary operations of Government Funded by property taxes Unassigned Fund Balance ```
55
Describe the Special Revenue Fund.
``` Governmental Fund Modified Accrual Earmarked things Funded by fees and grants Restricted or Committed fund balance ```
56
Describe the Capital Projects Funds
Governmental Fund Modified Accrual Major capital acquisitions or construction Funded by special tax revenues or bonds Restricted or Committed or Assigned fund balance
57
Describe the Debt Service Fund
Governmental Fund Modified Accrual Interest and principal payments on government debt Funded by property taxes and transfers Restricted, Committed or Assigned fund balance
58
Describe the Permanent Fund
``` Governmental Fund Modified Accrual Invested on a permanent basis, reported at Fair Value Funded by investment earnings Restricted. ```
59
Describe the Internal Service Fund
Proprietary Fund Accrual Provide goods and services to other funds Funded by billings for services
60
Describe the Enterprise Fund
Propietary Fund Accrual Most like a business, like a water utility Funded by charging for services, voluntary payments
61
Describe the Pension Trust Fund
Fiduciary Fund Accrual Post-retirement employee benefits RSI - funding progress and employer contributions
62
Describe the Investment Trust Fund
Fiduciary Fund Accrual Invests pooled resources
63
Describe the Private Purpose Trust Fund
Fiduciary Fund | Accrual
64
Describe the Agency Fund
Fiduciary Fund Accrual Assets held for others Funded by special assessments
65
Governmental Accounting order of authority
1. GASB Statements and Interpretations 2. GASB Technical Bulletins and AICPA Statements of Position cleared by GASB 3. GASB consensus positions and AICPA Practice Bulletins cleared by GASB 4. GASB Implementation Guides
66
Government-Wide Financial Statements
Statement of Net Position Statement of Activities Economic Resources measurement focus Accrual Basis All governmental activities are included except Fiduciary, component units presented discretely.
67
Statement of Net Position
Similar to Balance Sheet Full Accrual Accounting Fixed assets are depreciated. Assets + Deferred Outflows - Liabilities - Deferred Inflows = Net Position In government-wide statements and in Proprietary Funds statements
68
Statement of Activities
Reports Revenues and Expenses Full Accrual Accounting Consolidated statement but interfund transactions are not eliminated. Record depreciation expense unless not required to be depreciated (managed using asset management system and are preserved at a certain condition level)
69
Governmental Funds Required Statements
1. Balance Sheet | 2. Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances
70
Proprietary Funds required statements
1. Statement of Net Position 2. Statement of Revenues, Expenses, and Changed in Fund Net Position 3. Statement of Cash Flows
71
Fiduciary Funds required statements
1. Statement of Fiduciary Net Position | 2. Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Position
72
Define derived tax revenues
“result(ing) from assessments imposed on exchange transactions,” generally from earnings or consumption, such as income taxes or sales taxes.
73
Budgetary entry:
Estimated Revenues X Estimated Other Financial Sources X Budgetary fund balance - unreserved X Appropriations X Estimated Other Financial Uses X
74
Governmental entry when order to purchase is placed:
Encumbrances X | Reserved for Encumbrances X
75
Governmental entries when order has been fulfilled
Reserved for Encumbrances X Encumbrances X Expenditures X Vouchers Payable X
76
What is in the sections of the Governmental Comprehensive Annual Financial Report?
The introductory section, which includes the transmittal letter. The financial section follows, which includes the auditor’s report, management discussion and analysis, government-wide and fund financial statements, notes to financial statements, and required supplementary information. Finally, the statistical section provides additional information.
77
Derived Tax Revenues
Taxes assessed on exchange transactions. ex: sales tax, income tax Receivables and revenues recognized when the underlying transaction takes place.
78
Imposed Nonexchange Transactions
Taxes that are not derived from an underlying transaction. ex: property tax Revenues recognized net of refunds and estimated uncollectibles when the property taxes are levied.
79
Governmental year-end closing entries
Budgetary Fund Balance X Appropriations X Estimated Revenues X Revenues X Expenditures X Encumbrances X Fund Balance - Unreserved X
80
IFRS allows an entity to recognize an intangible asset if it is an identifiable intangible that lacks physical substance. In order to be considered identifiable:
Be either separable and arise from contractual or legal rights.
81
An intangible asset of finite duration must be amortized over the:
shorter of its legal or useful life
82
When there is is no established exchange price for equipment receivable, how is it recorded?
Recorded at the present value of the payments to be received under the note.
83
Describe the two approaches to calculate bad debt expense:
Income statement approach - a percentage of credit sales | Balance sheet approach - Aging of receivables
84
Accounts Receivable (A/R) Ending Balance =
A/R Beginning Balance + Credits Sales – Collections – Accounts written Off
85
What rate do you use to calculate present value for bonds?
Yield rate for the PV calculation. You only use the stated rate to determine the interest to take the PV of.
86
In bond journal entries for interest payments:
Cash: Stated rate x Face amount Interest: Effective yield x Carrying Value
87
Sources of accounting literature = BOSSII
``` B-Accounting Research Bulletins O-Accounting Principles board Opinion S-FASB Statements of Financial Accounting S-FASB Staff Positions I-FASB Interpretations I-FASB Statements, Implementation ```
88
Other Comprehensive Income=PUFER
``` P-Pension adjustments U-Unrealized gains and losses (available for sale securities F-Foreign currency items E-Effective portion cash flow hedges R-Revaluation of surplus (IFRS only) ```
89
Components of the net pension expense= SIR-AGE
S-current Service cost I - Interest cost R-Return on plan assets A-Amortization of prior service cost G-Gain and losses E-amortization of Existing net obligation or net assets NET PERIODIC PENSION COST=Current expense & Current liabilities
90
Formula to amortize discount/premium on bonds
Face - Discount (or + premium) = current value | current value x effective rate = interest expense - cash payment = amortization
91
If market rate is higher than stated rate
Discount`
92
If Stated rate is lower than market rate
Discount
93
If Market rate is lower than stated rate
Premium
94
If Stated rate is higher than market rate
Premium
95
Interest Paid vs. Interest Expense vs. Accrued Interest
Interest paid is the face x rate on bond, nothing to do with premiums and discounts. Interest expense is the carrying amount x market rate Accrued Interest is owed to the seller by the buyer, it's from period issues.
96
What rate do you use to amortize capital lease?
Implicit rate if known, and it's lower than incremental borrowing rate.
97
Lease journal entries to record lease
Leased asset X | Lease Liability X
98
Journal entries to make lease payments
Lease Liability X Interest Expense X Cash X
99
Acquisition of treasury stock has what effect on stockholders equity?
Decreases stockholder's equity.
100
Is gain or loss recognized on the purchase of treasury stock?
NO.
101
What is in other comprehensive income?
Items reported in other comprehensive income and reported in the aggregate in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity, include unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, adjustments to a pension asset or liability resulting from the difference between the projected benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets, translation adjustments resulting from the consolidation of foreign subsidiaries, and changes in the value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges.
102
In computing weighted average shares outstanding, how are stock dividends and stock splits computed?
They are are assumed to have occurred retroactively, as of the beginning of the earliest period presented.
103
Statement deadlines for Large Accelerated filers
10-K 60 days | 10-Q 40 days
104
Statement deadlines for Accelerated filers
10-K 75 days | 10-Q 40 days
105
Statement deadlines for Non-Accelerated filers
10-K 90 days | 10-Q 45 days
106
Gross profit =
Sales - Cost of Goods Sold
107
What happens when ending inventory is understated
Assets are understated, Cost of Goods Sold is overstated, Gross profits and retained earnings are understated. (Goods Available for Sale – Ending Inventory = COGS. Sales Revenue – COGS = Gross Profit).
108
For IFRS segment reporting purposes, which tests do you use?
Revenue test, asset test, and profit or loss test.
109
There is a method in segment reporting to help define what constitutes a “segment”. The method that is used under ASC 280 is called
Management approach.
110
Cash flows: | Increase in AR
Subtract from income
111
Cash flows: | Decrease in AR
Add to income
112
Cash flows: | Increase in AP
Add to income
113
Cash flows: | Decrease in AP
Subtract from income
114
Times interest earned ratio
Income before taxes and interest expense/ | interest expense
115
Receivables turnover
Total sales / Average of beginning and ending AR
116
Number of days’ sales in average receivables formula
First calculate the receivables turnover, which is calculated by dividing the net credit sales by the average receivable. then calculated as 360/receivables turnover
117
Price earnings ratio on common stock
net income minus preferred dividends, divided by the number of shares of common stock. Then divide the share price by the number computed above
118
Quick Ratio (acid test)
(Cash + marketable securities + AR)/current liabililties
119
Inventory Turnover
COGS / Average of beginning and ending inventory
120
Times preferred dividends earned ratio
the ratio of total earnings to total preferred dividends
121
AFS uses
FMV
122
Non-monetary exchanges that lack commercial substance and have no boot
Asset acquired recorded at Book Value of asset given up.
123
Non-monetary exchanges with commercial substance
Asset acquired recorded at Fair Value of asset given up, unless asset acquired has a fair value easier to determine.
124
In periods of rising prices, ending inventory is
for FIFO, periodic and perpetual are identical
125
Average Day's Sales
365/ Inventory turnover (COGS/Average inventory)
126
Beginning Inventory over/understated effect:
no effect on ending retained earnings
127
Ending Inventory overstated
COGS understated and Ending Retained Earnings overstated.
128
Ending Inventory understated
COGS overstated and Ending Retained Earnings Understated.
129
Inventory formula
Beginning Inventory + Purchases - COGS = Ending inventory
130
Weighted Average Cost per Unit
Cost of Goods Available for Sale / total units
131
Cash received from customers:
Net sales + Beginning AR - Ending AR - AR written off
132
Cash paid to suppliers:
COGS + Ending Inventory + Beginning AP - Beginning Inventory - Ending AP
133
Cash paid for operating expenses:
Operating Expenses + Ending prepaid expenses + Beginning accrued expenses payable - Beginning prepaid expenses - Ending accrued expenses payable
134
Indirect Method, what to add to net income
Decreases in AR, Inventory, Prepaid expenses, Deferred tax asset Increases in AP, Income tax payable, Deferred tax liability, Interest payable, Other accrued payables, Unearned revenue Other: Losses from disposal of PP&E and AVS, Depreciation expense, Amortization of intangibles and bond discounts, bad debt expense, losses from early extinguishment of debt
135
Indirect Method, what to subtract from net income
Increases in: AR, Inventory, Prepaid expenses, Deferred tax asset Decreases in: AP, Income tax payable, Deferred tax liability, Interest payable, Other accrued payables, Unearned revenue Other: Gains from disposal of PP&E and AVS, Amortization of a bond premium, Gains from early extinguishment of debt
136
Cash paid for goods to be sold:
COGS + (Ending Inv - Beginning Inv) - (End AP - Begin AP)
137
Cash paid for interest
Interest expense - Discount Amortization = Cash paid for interest
138
Cash paid for taxes
Tax expense - (End tax pay - Beg tax pay) - (End deferred tax liab - Beg deferred tax liab)
139
Statement of Cash flows Current Assets
Assets opposite of change Increase then subtract Decrease then add
140
Statement of Cash Flows Current Liabilities
Liabilities more of the same to change Increase then add Decrease then subtract
141
Statement of Cash Flows Losses & Gains
Subtract gains Add losses
142
Statement of Cash Flows Amortization and Deprecation
Add, Subtract Unamortized
143
Statement of Cash Flows Deferrals
Subtract
144
Statement of Cash Flows Accruals
Add
145
Quick Ratio
(Cash + A/R + Trading Securities)/Current Liabilities
146
Current Ratio
Current Assets / Current Liabilities
147
Working Capital
Current Assets - Current Liabilities
148
A/R Turnover
Credit Sales / Average A/R
149
Inventory turnover
COGS / Average inventory
150
Day Sales in Inventory
365/ Inventory Turnover | cogs / average inventory
151
Days to Collect A/R
Average A/R / Average sales per day
152
Pension Expense Calculation:
``` PRIUS Prior Service Cost Amortization - Return on Plan Assets (Estimated) + Interest + Unexpected loss or (-) gain + Service cost = Pension Expense ```
153
What amount is capitalized for a lump sum acquisition of land and building?
The historical cost is capitalized, for land and building you use the percentage to differentiate the amounts.
154
whenever it is impossible to determine whether a change in accounting estimate or a change in accounting principle has occurred, the change should be considered
a change in estimate.
155
when a long term construction project is expected to end in a loss
the loss is expensed in the period in which it can first be estimated.
156
How are pledges to charities reported on personal financial statements?
Pledges to charities are generally reported as liabilities on personal financial statements. When the pledges are contingent on the occurrence of some event, they are not recognized until the contingency has been met.
157
During periods of rising prices, a perpetual inventory system would result in the same dollar amount of ending inventory as a periodic inventory system under which of the following inventory cost flow methods?
LIFO
158
The Governmental Accounting Standards Board requires that proprietary funds such as an enterprise fund prepare cash flow statements using
the direct method, in keeping with the principles of governmental financial transparency and accountability.