WSCredit 2 Renal Flashcards
(41 cards)
All of the following would cause edema except:
- Hypertension
- Liver disease
- Incompetent venous valves
- Hypoproteinemia
Hypertension
What are the clinical signs of hypovolemia?
- Oliguria and cold extremities
- Bradycardia and dyspnea
- Hypertension and vertigo
- Polyuria and alkalosis
Oliguria and cold extremities
High anion gap is due to:
- Accumulation of lactate
- Renal failure
- Diarrhoea
- Benzodiazepine intoxication
Accumulation of lactate
Auditory problems have often patients suffering from:
- Gouty nephritis
- Alport disease
- Diabetic nephropathy
- AD polycystic kidney disease
- Alport disease
In peritoneal dialysis the inflow fluid is rendered hyperosmolar by the addition of
- ATP
- polyethylene glycol
- Sodium
- Glucose or icodextrin
Glucose or icodextrin
Increased risk of intracranial bleeding is associated with:
- Oxalate stones
- AD polycystic kidney disease
- Renal tubular acidosis
- Agenesis of one kidney
AD polycystic kidney disease
To compensate for metabolic acidosis … will:
- Decrease respiratory rate
- Increase respiratory rate
- Excrete more monohydrogen phosphate
- Excrete more bicarbonate ions
Increase respiratory rate
Life threatening complication of the correction of chronic hyponatremia might be:
- Hypotension
- Pontine myelinolysis
- Seizures
- Hypokalemia
Pontine myelinolysis
The falling blood pH and rising partial pressure of CO2 due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates:
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Respiratory alkalosis
- Metabolic acidosis
- Respiratory acidosis
- Respiratory acidosis
Typical blood elements found in patients with microangiopathic haemolytic anemia of patients with TTP / HUS are:
- Spherocytes
- Microspherocytes
- Schistiocytes
- Acanthocytes
Schistiocytes
Glomerular filtration rate in healthy women during 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy is
- Increased
- Unchanged
- First increases, then suddenly decreases
- Decreases
Increased
Which condition would cause a drop in … (pCO2?? Or pH ?? don’t know)
- Hyperventilation
- Shock
- Vomiting
- Hypernatremia
Shock
Which EKG results would you expect to find in hyperkalemia ?
Peaked t wave
Hyperkalemia is caused by:
Potassium excess
Reduced excretion: acute and chronic kidney disease
hypocortisolism, hypoaldosteronism
potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, NSAIDs, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Type IV renal tubular acidosis
myolysis, tumor lysis, hemolysis
Increased intake (high potassium diet, K+ containing IV fluids)
Extracellular shift
Acidosis → ↑ extracellular H+ → inhibition of the Na+/H+ antiporter → ↓ intracellular Na+ → ↓ sodium gradient inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase → ↑ extracellular K+ concentration
Hyperkalemia → ↑ extracellular K+ concentration → ↑ potassium gradient stimulates the Na+/K+-ATPase → ↑ extracellular Na+ → ↑ sodium gradient stimulates the Na+/H+ antiporter → ↑ extracellular H+ → acidosis
Exceptions: In renal tubular acidosis and acetazolamide toxicity, findings include hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis.
Hyperosmolality
Insulin deficiency (manifests with hyperglycemia)
rhabdomyolysis, tumor lysis syndrome, hemolysis
Drugs
Beta-blockers
Succinylcholine: (esp. when given with preexisting burns and/or muscle trauma)
Digoxin: inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase → ↑ extracellular K+ concentration
Diabetic ketoacidosis is an example of which imbalance?
- Respiratory acidosis
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Respiratory alkalosis
- Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
Suggestive clinical findings for renovascular hypertension are not:
- Acute rate of onset
- Severe and refractory hypertension
- Onset of resistant hypertension before the age of 30 years
- Mild hypertension and onset in elderly
Mild hypertension and onset in elderly
A renal bruit is associated with which of the following disorders:
- Renal artery stenosis
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Hypertensive nephropathy
- Wegeners granulomatosis
Renal artery stenosis
Immunosuppressive drugs used after (renal?) transplantation are all of the following (except?)
— Cyclosporine A
— Cyclophosphamide (or other source→“triple therapy”)
— Prednisone
— Mycophenolate mofetil
Cyclophosphamide (or other source→“triple therapy”)
the effect of NSAIDs on (on the kidneys?) circulation:
Renal function impairment: Prostaglandins normally maintain renal blood flow by inducing vasodilation of the afferent arterioles. NSAIDS inhibit prostaglandin production, which leads to harmful hypoperfusion of the kidneys and reduced GFR.
Analgesic nephropathy: prolonged NSAID use results in tubulointerstitial nephritis and papillary necrosis
Which of the values are in the normal renge for potassium:
- 4.3
- 3.3
- 6.5
- 2.8
- 4.3
Drug induced hyperkalemia is caused by:
- Heparin (uncommon side effect only)
- Digoxin
- Beta agonists
- ACE inhibitors
ACE inhibitors
Hematuria in IgA nephropathy usually appears:
- With a latency of 2-3 weeks after throat infections
- With a latency of 2-3 weeks after infection of any origin
- During an infection
- With a latency of 2-3 weeks after a UTI
During an infection
Optimal and most often used vascular access for chronic haemodialysis is:
- CVC
- Peritoneal catheter
- AV fistula in forearm
- PVC, usually in EJV
AV fistula in forearm
An important means of regulating Na+ and H2O balance in the body is through secretion of aldosterone
—true
—false
True
