WW1

Question 1

What were the big ideas

Answer 1

Nationalism - extreme pride and affection for ones country (you’d fight and die for your country), The dehumanization of soldiers, Canadian independence

Question 2

Concept of war

Answer 2

It was believed that war offered the possibility of glorious adventure

Question 3

Imperialism

Answer 3

a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Question 4

When did Russia join the war

Answer 4

Aug 1, 1914

Question 5

When did France join the war

Answer 5

Aug 3, 1914

Question 6

When did UK join the war

Answer 6

Aug 4, 1914

Question 7

When did the war start

Answer 7

July 28 1914

Question 8

When did the war end

Answer 8

Nov. 11 1918

Question 9

Militarism

Answer 9

the policy of making a countries armed forces very strong and allowing a political situation in which military interests dominate government policy

Question 10

Nationalism

Answer 10

2 types:
1. A strong feeling of patriotism and pride for ones country and/or the desire of a people to preserve their own language, religion, and traditions
2. When an ethnic group who does not have their own country has the desire to have their own country

Question 11

Triple Alliance (central powers)

Answer 11

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Question 12

Triple Entente (allied powers)

Answer 12

France, Russia, Britain, Serbia

Question 13

Reasons for the war

Answer 13

1. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand (heir to Austrian throne) was killed by gavrilon princip who was a member of the black hand
2. The blank cheque was introduced which meant that germany backed up austria-hungary no matter what
3. The ultimatum which was the list of demands to Serbia - serbia agreed with most of these terms but asked for some clarification, Austria-Hungary took this as a rejection and declared war

Question 14

What were the terms in the ultimatum

Answer 14

1. for A+H to launch an investigation on Sarajevo
2. For there to be no one propaganda
3. For them to found up all terrorists in Serbia

Question 15

what 2 countries did Germany declare war on after the declaration of war by A+H?

Answer 15

Russia and France

Question 16

What was the Schlieffen plan?

Answer 16

Germany planned to attack France through the neutral country of Belgium in order to avoid a 2 front war with France and Russia. The Schlieffen plan said that Russia would not have been ready for war for another 6 weeks so they decided to defeat France in that time. But Russia was ready before then, British (which they thought would remain neutral) joined with france and russia, and britian fought them while coming through

Question 17

What is a 2 Front war?

Answer 17

It is where a country is fighting on both sides of their country

Question 18

Why did Canada join the war?

Answer 18

Because they were a part of the British empire, when the UK did canada did
Colonel Hughes sent out a call for volunteers and over 10,000 men volunteered

Question 19

Why did canadians volunteer for the war

Answer 19

1. Sense of patriotism
2. excitement and adventure
   - war was seen as some great thing people wanted to go to

Question 20

What is a stalemate

Answer 20

a condition in war in which neither side can change the front lines dramatically no matter how hard it tries

Question 21

What was the stalemate in WW1

Answer 21

1. when germany moved into belgium it encountered strong resistance and germany sent all its forces to the east of paris but they were stopped in the battle of the marne. germany couldnt advance and british and french armies couldn’t drive them back - stalemate

Question 22

What was the trench warfare like in WW1

Answer 22

1. trenches were usually abt 400 metres apart
2. trenches offered protection against enemy fire but bomb attacks were still threatening
3. some elaborate but some were a muddy ditch with rotting victims, rats, lice, and fungal disease, Also trench foot was common which is when the foot would swell up to 3 times the size - they’d have to cut it off
4. there was a narrow strip called no mans land, whenever soldiers detected movement there they fired rifles and machine guns across it
5. officers would order an advance which was meant “going over the top” and into no mans land - exposed to enemy fire
6. sometimes troops could capture an enemy’s front line but this only gave a couple metres of land and the soldiers would just fall back to their previous trench

Question 23

What were battles of attrition?

Answer 23

the continuous stalemates were known as battles of attrition

Question 24

What is a total war

Answer 24

military conflict in which the contenders are willing to make any sacrifice in lives and other resources to obtain a complete victory

Question 25

What is a home front

Answer 25

the people who stay in a country and work while that country's soldiers are fighting in a war in a foreign country

Question 26

Technology on the battle field

Answer 26

1. Tanks 2. Poison gas 3. machine guns 4. submarines 5. Airplanes

Question 27

What was the order of all the battles?

Answer 27

1. Ypres - April 1915 2. Verdun - February 1916 3. Somme - July 1916 4. Vimy Ridge - April 1917 5. Passchendaele - October 1917 these wars contributed to canada gaining independence - especially vimy ridge because of how they got their first canadian officer

Question 28

what was the russia campaign

Answer 28

August 1914-16 russia invaded germany which was surprising because germany thought they would invade first

Question 29

why usa joined the war

Answer 29

1. the sinking of luistania (a british ship attacked by german U-Boats which containted 128 americans) 2. in 1917 america learned that germany was encouraging mexico to invade USA the discoverd this because UK incepted a zimmerman telegram and told USA abt it

Question 30

what happened in russia that led to the end of the war

Answer 30

in march 1917 the Tsar in russia was relatively peacefully overthrown. an emergent democracy called the provisional governemnt took over. but because this new government continued the war they were overthrown too. then the comunists led by Vladimir lenin took over. he almost immedietly opened peace negotiations with germany. russia gave germany poland, lithuania, and ukraine. they left the war leaving germany with only a single front war. Germany's allies were collapsing and they hoped to launch one more mighty offensive before america came

Question 31

what were canadas 100 days

Answer 31

a series of attacks spearheaded by the Canadian Corps against the germans. for 6 weeks they were at the forefront of the most difficult tasks of dislodging the germans from their defensive positions

Question 32

When did the war end

Answer 32

On nov. 11 1918 germany surrendered

Question 33

What was the Halifax explosion

Answer 33

in 1917 a french munitions ship carrying 3000 tonnes of explosives collided with another vessel in the halifax harbour. The blast destroyed large secitons of the city, fire roared through the city, and a massive tidal wave came through the city. 1,950 people died and thousands left injured or homeless

Question 34

What was the war measures act?

Answer 34

it was to place restrictions on enemy aliens. enemy aliens could be arrested or searched and many were sent to internment camps in remote areas. the majority of those who were interned were Ukrainians. this act gave the government full authority during wartime to censor and suppress communications

Question 35

What was conscription

Answer 35

1. by 1917 enlistments weren't keeping up with the number of men killed or wounded. so conscription (forced military service) was proposed 2. canada was divided over the issue. many english canadians believed that quebec wasn't doing its part for the war. but the Quebecois were essential as farmes and did not feel the same ties with the english speakers did towards the british. 3. prime minister borden introduced the military service bill in 1917 which made conscription mandatory for all males between ages of 20-35 (only those who were vital in wartime production jobs, sick, or their religion opposed fighting could they not fight) 4. many people saw the full support of the war effort as a moral duty and put down those who didn't justify this duty 5. the prime minister borden invited wilfred laurier and the liberals to join with his party. they refused to join because they opposed conscription.

Question 36

the president of the USA wrote 14 points to convince the americans that their sacrifices in the war were justified, he then took them and gave them to paris. The points fell into 2 categories:

Answer 36

1. points 1 through 5 refers to the presidents new idea of how countries should work together - called internationalism. in order for this to happen it was necessary for countries to put aside selfish feelings and for ethnic groups to be allowed to create new countries based upon their nationalist desires - which was called self-determination 2. points 2-8 refer to the way in which germany conquered land should be dealt with. points 9-14 refer to the ethnic desires of the people living in central and eastern europe - this promised the czechs, slovaks, sebs, croats, and poles a homeland. the president also made it clear that the austrio-hungarian empire should cease to exist

Question 37

What was the treaty of versailles

Answer 37

The allied powers met in 1919 to decide what was to happen to germany and austria hungary.aome elieved that germany should be dealt with harshly and others thought it would make germany bitter and make them take revenge (france had a desire to trade with germany so they did not want to harshly punish them) They settled on a compromise of this: 1. self determination - meant that ethnic groups would vote on the issue of who they wanted to live with and be governed by. 2. The was guilt clause - which said that gemany alone must accept full responsibility for the war 3. Alsace-Lorraine (a former region of france) returned to france 4. poland was given a strip of land from germany to give them access to the sea (known as polish corridoor) 5. germany along with other central powers were forced to surrender all of it colonies to the league of nations 6. the german army was limited to 100,000 men. its nav and airforce was also restricted in size 7. Germany was forced to surrender its entire merchant fleet as compensation to the allies for shipping loses 8. the west bank of Rhine River Valley was to be demilitarized and occupied by the allied armies for 15 years 8. unification between austria and germany was forbidden 9. The constitution of the league of nations was to be included as a part of the treaty

Question 38

What was the league of nations

Answer 38

The League of Nations was formed to prevent a repetition of the First World War (it failed after 2 decades 😬)

Question 39

what were the effects of the war in canada?

Answer 39

1. at the paris peace onferences canada was given a separate seat and a separate signature from britain. eventually canada was given a separate seat in the league of nations 2. women gained recognition as workers during the war and were able to work at jobs traditionally worked by men. as a result canadian women gained a federal vote in 1917 3. canadian troops gained world recognition for battle victories in vimy ridge and Passchendaele. 4. Canadas population grew due to immigration after the war. 5. canada experienced significant economic growth during and after the war 6. the war cost the government 3 billion. canadas national debt was $150 million per yeear for 4 years 7. to pay off the debt they introduced income tax as a temporary measure in 1917 but income tax is still being collected to this day 8. over 60,000 canadians were killed in action and 178,000 were wounded 9. the issue of conscription deepened the differences between french and english candians