ww1 Flashcards
Which event led to German unification?
Which event led to German unification?
Franco-Prussian war
_______________ became Chancellor in ____. One of his policies was Realpolitik (diplomacy based on practicalities).
Otto von Bismarck became Chancellor in 1871. One of his policies was Realpolitik (diplomacy based on practicalities).
Members of The Triple Alliance
Members of The Triple Alliance
italy
germany
austria-hungary
What did Germany and Russia agree under the 1887 Reinsurance Treaty?
What did Germany and Russia agree under the 1887 Reinsurance Treaty?
to remain neutral if the other went to war in europe
What were Otto von Bismarck’s policies?
What were Otto von Bismarck’s policies?
1
Realpolitik (policy based on practical considerations)
2
In foreign policy, he considered the whole world - this was known as Weltpolitik
3
He looked to build alliances between the countries of Europe
Why was Germany a threat to Europe in 1892? (2 reasons)
Why was Germany a threat to Europe in 1892? (2 reasons)
Germany had undergone rapid industrialisation and was seeing very quick economic growth.
Germany had an experienced and strong military following the series of wars building up to unification in 1871.
What role did Bismarck play in European alliances?
What role did Bismarck play in European alliances?
he used his skill to keep the alliances together
he helped created the triple alliance
he signed a secret ‘reinsurance treaty’ with russia in 1887
_____________ was emperor of Germany in the late __th Century. He forced Otto von Bismarck to resign in ____.
Kaiser Wilhelm II was emperor of Germany in the late 19th Century. He forced Otto von Bismarck to resign in 1890.
what is true about the Franco-Russian Alliance (19__)?
what is true about the Franco-Russian Alliance (1982)?
this alliance meant germany was threatened from the east and west
What were the results of alliances in Europe?
What were the results of alliances in Europe?
Bismarck’s work in the 1880’s failed
Europe was divided into two blocks
germany was surrounded by the entente powers
Kaiser Wilhelm II caused the first Moroccan crisis in ____. He told the Sultan …
Kaiser Wilhelm II caused the first Moroccan crisis in 1905. He told the Sultan he supported Moroccan independence from France. This angered the French.
Second Moroccan Crisis (____)
caused by …
The Kaiser sent ___________________________. But ______ stood by France, showing the strength of the Entente.
Second Moroccan Crisis (1911)
caused by France sending troops to put down a rebellion against the ruler.
The Kaiser sent a gunboat to the Moroccan port of Agadir. But Britain stood by France, showing the strength of the Entente.
Results of the Second Moroccan Crisis (____)
France and Germany agreed that France would seize Morocco as a ‘_________’
Germany would be given land in …
results of the Second Moroccan Crisis (1911)
Result: France and Germany agreed that France would seize Morocco as a ‘protectorate’
Germany would be given land in the French Congo as compensation.
This land was mostly worthless swamp and jungle.
What happened after Kaiser Wilhelm II went to Morocco? (____)
the disagreement between …
france and …
france was angry because …
What happened after Kaiser Wilhelm II went to Morocco?
the disagreement between France and germany was solved at the algeciras conference
france and Britain moved closer together, whereas the kaiser had hoped to split them up
france was angry because it saw Morocco as being in its sphere of influence (where it had control)
When did the Balkan crisis start + end?
When did the Balkan crisis start + end?
1908—>1909
Who were the Slavs?
Most of the Serbian and …
Austria-Hungary believed …
Many Slavs …
Who were the Slavs?
Most of the Serbian and Russian populations were Slavs and the two countries bonded over this
Austria-Hungary believed the Slavs were an inferior race
Many Slavs wanted to be free from Ottoman rule
Features of the fall out of Russia and Austria-Hungary during the Balkan crisis:
Austria-Hungary and …
Austria-Hungary entered …
Russia supported …
Russia would not …
Features of the fall out of Russia and Austria-Hungary during the Balkan crisis:
Austria-Hungary and Russia agreed to support each other’s claims on Balkan areas
Austria-Hungary entered Bosnia-Herzegovina without Russian approval
Russia supported Serbia and Montenegro, who prepared for war against Austria-Hungary
Russia would not go to war because Germany said it would support Austria-Hungary
The Balkan Wars took place in …
The Balkan Wars took place in the Balkan Penninsula from 1912-1913.
the Balkan league was made up of
the Balkan league was made up of
Serbia, Greece, Albania and Bulgaria,
Which country did the Balkan League oppose in 19__-13?
Which country did the Balkan League oppose in 1912-13?
ottoman empire
Which rivalries changed after the Balkan Wars?
1 Serbia gained ... 2 Serbian resentment ... 3 Rivalry between Russia ...
Which rivalries changed after the Balkan Wars?
1
Serbia gained significant extra territory, but Austria-Hungary prevented Serbia gaining land which gave it access to the sea
2
Serbian resentment against Austria-Hungary grew
3
Rivalry between Russia and Serbia grew also
What was the situation after the Balkan Wars?
What was the situation after the Balkan Wars?
serbian resentment against austria hungary had grown
the balkan league had broken down
When conflict did come, it was inevitable that …
When conflict did come, it was inevitable that all the Great Powers would be dragged into war because of the obligations to their alliances
What caused Britain to abandon splendid isolation?
1 Germany expanding ... 2 This forced Britain to ... 3 Britain had been defeated ... 4 This also led to Britain ...
What caused Britain to abandon splendid isolation?
1
Germany expanding its military under Kaiser Wilhelm II’s Weltpolitik (world policy)
2
This forced Britain to abandon isolationist policies
3
Britain had been defeated in the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902)
4
This also led to Britain becoming more involved in European politics
During the second half of the 19th century, British __________ was centred around ‘splendid isolation’.
During the second half of the 19th century, British foreign policy was centred around ‘splendid isolation’.
Kaiser Wilhelm wanted to __________ Germany and for it to have its ‘place in the Sun’ (_______). To do this, the Kaiser relied on the military strength of the _______.
Kaiser Wilhelm wanted to strengthen Germany and for it to have its ‘place in the Sun’ (colonies). To do this, the Kaiser relied on the military strength of the Prussia.
What was Kaiser Wilhelm II’s main aim?
What was Kaiser Wilhelm II’s main aim?
to strengthen germany’s position in World affairs
What caused tension between Britain and Germany in Africa prior to WW1?
What caused tension between Britain and Germany in Africa prior to WW1?
both wanted colonies in 1890’s
they wanted to access to gold and diamonds
Why did Germany start looking for land in Africa in the late 19th Century?
1
Germany wanted access to __________________
2
Kaiser Wilhelm had a new policy of __________
3
Germany wanted a ‘____________’
Why did Germany start looking for land in Africa in the late 19th Century?
1
Germany wanted access to gold and diamonds
2
Kaiser Wilhelm had a new policy of Weltpolitik
3
Germany wanted a ‘place in the sun’
What was the Scramble for Africa?
What was the Scramble for Africa?
mad rush to seize land in Africa in the 1890’s
Who was Alfred von Tirpitz?
Who was Alfred von Tirpitz?
navy secretary
In ____, the First Naval Law increased the navy by _ battleships.
In ____ the Second Naval Law doubled the size of the navy to __ battleships.
In ____, the Third Naval Law expanded the navy by another _ battleships.
In 1898, the First Naval Law increased the navy by 7 battleships.
In 1900 the Second Naval Law doubled the size of the navy to 38 battleships.
In 1906, the Third Naval Law expanded the navy by another 6 battleships.
Why did Kaiser Wilhelm II expand the navy?
Why did Kaiser Wilhelm II expand the navy?
1 Industrial growth 2 Larger German empire 3 Increased German patriotism 4 a symbol of strength to the world
What was the Naval Defence Act?
1
In ____ (year), Britain passed the Naval Defence Act
2
The act established the ‘_______________9’
What was the Naval Defence Act?
1
In 1899 (year), Britain passed the Naval Defence Act
2
The act established the ‘two-power standard’
the Naval Defence Act established the ‘two-power standard’, this means …
the Naval Defence Act established the ‘two-power standard’, this means that that the Royal Navy could expand to match the number of battleships owned by the two largest naval powers (France and Russia) combined.
_________________ was the heir to the ___________ throne.
On __ ____ 1914, the Archduke and his wife were in Bosnia.
During the visit, the Archduke and his wife were shot by a ______ Serb called _______ _______.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.
On 28 June 1914, the Archduke and his wife were in Bosnia.
During the visit, the Archduke and his wife were shot by a Bosnian Serb called Gavrilo Princip.
What happened after the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand?
1 Austria-Hungary wanted to use the assassination to attack \_\_\_\_\_ because it believed that their \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ had secretly helped the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2 Austria-Hungary asked ... 3 On 5 July 1914, ... 4 Serbia asked ...
What happened after the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand?
1
Austria-Hungary wanted to use the assassination to attack Serbia because it believed that their government had secretly helped the assassins
2
Austria-Hungary asked for the help of Germany
3
On 5 July 1914, Austria-Hungary received full German support in the ‘blank cheque’
4
Serbia asked for support from Russia against Austria-Hungary and Germany
Countdown to War - the July crisis
Countdown to War - the July crisis
23 July 1914: the Austria-Hungary government sends the Serbian government a 10 point ultimatum with a 2 day response
25 July 1914: Serbia accepts 9 of the ten points
28 July 1914: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
30 July 1914: Russia begins to mobilise army as it did not want to be humiliated after earlier events in the Balkans.
1 August 1914: Germany declares war on Russia because they wanted to appear strong following the humiliation of the Moroccan crises. It also wanted to support Austria-Hungary.
The ultimatum was designed to be …
The ultimatum was designed to be so harsh that Serbia would obviously decline the terms. This would make an Austro-Hungarian attack on Serbia seem justified.
Serbia did not accept the condition that …
Serbia did not accept the condition that Austro-Hungarian police could be placed in Serbia to investigate the assassination.
Why did Germany declare war on Russia?
Why did Germany declare war on Russia?
1
Germany wanted to appear strong following the humiliation of the Moroccan crises
2
Germany also wanted to support Austria-Hungary
3
The July Crisis started war in Eastern Europe, but not in Western Europe
When Germany attacked Belgium, Britain had an excuse …
When Germany attacked Belgium, Britain had an excuse to enter the war. In 1839 (year), Britain had signed the Pact of London, guaranteeing support for Belgium.
