WW1 Censorship and Propaganda

Question 1

what was immediately cut at the start of the war?

Answer 1

the transatlantic telegraoh cables between the USA and Germany

Question 2

what was the difference between propaganda use by Germany and Britain at the start of the war?

Answer 2

there was very little investment in propaganda by the British
Germany had a massive, well-funded propaganda system

Question 3

what was DORA?

Answer 3

Defence of the Realm Act

Question 4

when was DORA passed?

Answer 4

August 1914

Question 5

what did DORA lead to?

Answer 5

gave the govt a range of emergency powers to be used to establish a wartime society in Britain

Question 6

what did DORA take charge of?

Answer 6

• allowed govt to seize any land or buildings for the war effort
• govt could take control of industries vital for the war effort
• introduced censorship in Britain

Question 7

to what extent did the British govt have control over the press?

Answer 7

almost total control
coverage of the deaths at the Western Front were never broadcasted
instead good news was heavily shown in newspapers

Question 8

were reporters allowed to travek to France or Belgium to report on the war?

Answer 8

NO

Question 9

what were examples of propaganda used by Britain in WW1?

Answer 9

adverts
films
newspaper reports
paintings
pamphlets
posters

Question 10

when was the War Propaganda Bureau set up?

Answer 10

1914

Question 11

who set up the War Propaganda Bureau?

Answer 11

Charles Masterman

Question 12

when was the Official Press Bureau set up?

Answer 12

June 1915

Question 13

what was the Official Press Bureau responsible for?

Answer 13

circulating the news to the press both at home and abroad
as well as censoring cables of war correspondents

Question 14

when and what was the War Propaganda Bureau replaced by?

Answer 14

the Department of Information
in 1917

Question 15

who ran the Department of Information?

Answer 15

John Buchan

Question 16

what was the National War Aims Committee?

Answer 16

worked with the Department of Information to produce propaganda by:
- holding rallies and parades
- producing pamphlets
- making films

Question 17

what did the Department of Information merge to form into?

Answer 17

Ministry of Information

Question 18

who was made the Minister of Information?

Answer 18

Lord Beaverbrook

Question 19

why was Lord Beaverbrook so influential?

Answer 19

he was the owner of The Daily Express, The Sunday Times and the London Evening Standard

Question 20

which authors were employed by the War Propganda Bureau at the start of the war?

Answer 20

Arthur Conan-Doyle
Rudyard Kipling
H.G. Wells

Question 21

how many writers were employed by the War Propaganda Bureau in 1914?

Answer 21

25

Question 22

what propaganda boom did Rudyark Kipling write?

Answer 22

The New Army

Question 23

what did all writers employed by the War Propganda Bureau promise to do?

Answer 23

to conceal the fact that this was being pushed by the govt

Question 24

what book did John Buchan write?

Answer 24

The Thirty-Nine Steps

Question 25

who did the govt propagandists work mainly with?

Answer 25

patriotic volunteer groops SUCH AS the British Empire Union

Question 26

how many artists did the givt employ during WW1?

Answer 26

90

Question 27

who was Muirhead Bone?

Answer 27

an artists sent to France to take sketches his work was so popular, Masterman decided to expand the use of art for propaganda

Question 28

what were the 2 types of art produced by propagandists?

Answer 28

reproduction exhibition

Question 29

what was reproduction art?

Answer 29

art intended to be reproduced in newspapers and journals

Question 30

what was exhibition art?

Answer 30

art intended to be shown in galleries

Question 31

how was art censored by the British government?

Answer 31

the govt had strict guidelines regarding what the art could show and portray

Question 32

which voluntary organisation was primarily responsible for producing war films?

Answer 32

the British Tropical Commitee for War Films

Question 33

how many feature length films were produced between 1915 and 1918?

Answer 33

240

Question 34

what were examples of patriotic films produced?

Answer 34

Being Prepared For the Empire

Question 35

what film produced was extremely controversial?

Answer 35

The Battle of the Somme in 1916

Question 36

why was the film ‘The Battle of the Somme’ so controversial?

Answer 36

it depicted very horrifying scenes of battle, which really showed the reality of war HOWEVER most people appreciated the realistic depiction if warfare on the front

Question 37

what was the estimated audience for ‘The Battle of the Somme’?

Answer 37

20 million

Question 38

what were newspapers banned from publishing?

Answer 38

material which may help the enemy (so troop movements) any material which might damage morale both at home and abroad

Question 39

what did the ‘Neutral Press Committee’ do to censor the press?

Answer 39

it appointed 5 war correspondents to report officially with the British Army these correspondents themselves were incredibly patriotic and would never release morale damaging information also these correspondents had to have their reports checked over by a censor

Question 40

how did the Official Press Bureau control the press?

Answer 40

- monitored press reports more closely - introduced harsher rules on the censorship

Question 41

how many reports on articles did the Official Press Bureau write?

Answer 41

38,000

Question 42

what was the general view of the press regarding the war?

Answer 42

the majority were in full support of the war effort

Question 43

what was the common occurence in newspapers on a daily basis?

Answer 43

reports of British heroism and reports of German atrocities

Question 44

which major newspaper was suspended due to censorship?

Answer 44

The Globe

Question 45

what had The Globe done to get itself censored?

Answer 45

published articles about the need for conscription had not been cleared by censors

Question 46

what were the aims of censorship and propaganda?

Answer 46

to boost morale to explain the need to fight to creat hatred of the enemy to maintain support for the war effort to damage enemy morale

Question 47

what was the postal censorship service?

Answer 47

organisation which wrote reports on letters, telegrams and parcels

Question 48

how many private telegrams were reported upon by the postal censorship service in 1916?

Answer 48

300,000

Question 49

could soldiers take cameras into war?

Answer 49

NO if they did and were caught, they would face the firing squad

Question 50

how many official war photographers were there in WW1?

Answer 50

2

Question 51

how was the Somme portrayed in the press?

Answer 51

it was played down and instead the little German defeats were exemplified

Question 52

why were the govt keen to show the reasons for war against Germany?

Answer 52

they hoped to gain moral support did the war

Question 53

how did British propganda portray the Kaiser?

Answer 53

it depicted him as an international villain who was trying to take Britain’s hold on the world away from her

Question 54

how did the British protray Germany in propaganda?

Answer 54

as the isolated nation and the nation in the wrong showe the population that Britain was taking the moral high ground

Question 55

which books were published to show the reasons for Britain’s involvement in the war?

Answer 55

Why We Are At War The War That Will End The War

Question 56

what were examples of propganda used to creat anti-German feeling?

Answer 56

- death of British civillians - Report on the Alleged German Outrages - sinking of RMS Lusitania

Question 57

how many British civillians were killed in WW1?

Answer 57

1500

Question 58

how many were killed in a bombing of Scarborough?

Answer 58

119

Question 59

how was the bombing of Scarborough portrayed in the news?

Answer 59

was the main news story and showed how Germans were killing civillians = bad people = hate them

Question 60

what was the ‘Report on the Alleged German Outrages’?

Answer 60

an example of BLACK PROPAGANDA shared ‘eye-witness accounts’ of supposed German atrocities at the Front

Question 61

example of story from the ‘Report on the Alleged German Outrages’

Answer 61

the Germans would often rape nuns however, like most stories in the report, there was very little who could support these accusations

Question 62

when was the RMS Lusitania sunk?

Answer 62

1915

Question 63

why was the sinking of the RMS Lusitania used extensively by British propaganda?

Answer 63

showed how Germany’s use of USW was leading to the loss of civillian lives = german hatred tried to entice the USA to join the war

Question 64

how did Germans living in Britain suffer?

Answer 64

they were attacked men between 17-45 who were German were imprisoned

Question 65

what were examples of name changes due to anti-German sentiment?

Answer 65

German Shepard to Alsatians Saxe-Conurg-Gotha to Windsor

Question 66

how was propaganda used to boost the war effort?

Answer 66

encouraged men to join the army and navy encouraged men and women to work in factories and farms encouraged the British public to buy war bonds

Question 67

example of famous propaganda posters

Answer 67

Your Country Needs You - Kitchener

Question 68

did propaganda really improve recruitment?

Answer 68

it did prevent numbers from falling too low BUT conscription was introduced regardless in 1916

Question 69

was propaganda successful in getting America to join the war?

Answer 69

YES propaganda had shown the war in Europe as almost won, thus the Americans felt it was allright to take part in it this was far from the case…only until November 1918 was the war any close to being in the favour of the allies it also showe the Germans to be the villain in Europe and thus showed them as the enemy of the world many Americans bought into this story and anti-German sentiment also grew in the USA

Question 70

how was propaganda used to damage enemy morale?

Answer 70

- leaflets and pamphlets were dropped from the sky on German land - using addresses from captured German postal records, British propaganda was posted to people in Austria and Germany