WW1 History EOY

Question 1

Countries in the Triple Entente

Answer 1

Italy
Austria-Hungary
Germany

Question 2

Countries in the Triple Alliance

Answer 2

Russia, France and Britain

Question 3

The Balkans

Answer 3

Bulgaria and Serbia

Question 4

Who assassinated the Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

Answer 4

Gavrilo Princip

Question 5

What happened in 1839?

Answer 5

The Treaty of London was signed - the independence and neutrality of Belgium is confirmed by the European powers. Britain pledges to defend Belgium’s neutral status and independence if necessary.

Question 6

What happened in 1871?

Answer 6

Following the German victory in the Franco-Prussian War, France is forced to give away the province of Alsace-Lorraine to the newly formed German Empire under the Treaty of Frankfurt. The loss of these lands causes long-lasting bitterness in France.

Question 7

What happened in 1879?

Answer 7

Germany and Austria-Hungary created a Dual Alliance. They promise to support one another if either is attached by Russia. They also promise to remain neutral if either is attacked by another great power.

Question 8

What happened in 1882?

Answer 8

Italy joins Germany and Austria-Hungary to form the Triple Alliance

Question 9

What happened in 1894?

Answer 9

France and Russia form the Franco-Russian Alliance, whereby they promised to support one mother in the event of an attack by any member of the Triple Alliance.

Question 10

What happened in 1903?

Answer 10

Alexander I of Serbia is assassinated. The new king, Peter I, promotes close ties with Russia.

Question 11

What happened in 1904?

Answer 11

Following a deterioration in relations with Germany, Great Britain ended its policy of Splendid’s Isolation and signed the Entente Cordiale with France.

Question 12

What happened in 1907?

Answer 12

The Anglo-Russian Entente is signed, ending dispute over territories in the Middle East. Improving relations result in Britain, France and Russia becoming a Triple Entente. However, there is no formal millerite alliance between Britain and the other two powers that promise military support in the event of a war.

Question 13

What happened in Sarajevo June 1914?

Answer 13

Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophia were visiting Bosnia, where they were assassinated by Gavilo Princip, a Bosnian Serbian.

Question 14

What was the Schleffen Plan?

Answer 14

It was Germany’s plan to invade France via Belgium in order to defeat France in 40 days, before then fighting Russia.

Question 15

Why did the Germans come up with the plan?

Answer 15

The Franco-Russian Alliance meant Germany faced a war on two fronts. They wanted to knock the French out before then Russiancs could get ready.

Question 16

What happened in 1905?

Answer 16

The Schleffen Plan was invented

Question 17

What happened in 1900?

Answer 17

The German Navy Law ordered that 41 battleships and 60 cruisers were to be built.

Question 18

What happened in 1906?

Answer 18

Britain lurched the HMS Dreadnaught, a new superior warship.

Question 19

How did the Germans respond to the Dreadnaught?

Answer 19

They built their own dreadnaught-class ship, the SMS Rheinland.

Question 20

What happened in 1911

Answer 20

They launched the HMS Neptune, which was an even bigger and more powerful ship: a super-dreadnaught.

Question 21

What happened in 1913?

Answer 21

The British launched the HMS Queen Elizabeth, another super-dreadnaught.

Question 22

Who are the Great Powers?

Answer 22

United Kingdom and Ireland
France
Russia
Italy
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire

Question 23

What happened after the assassination?

Answer 23

The assassination was the trigger that caused WW1, but it did not immediately result in the world war breaking out.

Question 24

Describe the events of the July Crisis, 1914.

Answer 24

…..

Question 25

28th July 1914

Answer 25

28th June - Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Pricip

Question 26

5th July 1914

Answer 26

Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany issued a “blank cheque” to the Austro-Hungarians, stating that however they chose to proceed, Germany would support them.

Question 27

21st July 1914

Answer 27

The Russians warned the Germans that “Russia would not be able to tolerate Austria-Hungary using threatening language to Serbia to taking military measures.”

Question 28

23rd July 1914

Answer 28

Austria-Hungary delivered an ultimatum to Serbia and gave them 48 hours to reply

Question 29

25th July 1914

Answer 29

Serbia responded, agreeing to all ten demands, apart from two. Nonetheless, Serbia’s response was seen to be very generous.

Question 30

28th July

Answer 30

Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, due to Serbia’s refusal to agree to all ten parts of the ultimatum

Question 31

30th July 1914

Answer 31

Russia began to gather its forces along the German and Austro-Hungarian borders

Question 32

1st August 1914

Answer 32

Germany declared war on Russia Germany declared war on and invaded Luxembourg, beginning the Schleffen Plan Italy declared its neutrality, leaving the Triple Alliance

Question 33

2nd August 1914

Answer 33

Germany delivered an ultimatum to Belgium, demanding free passage for its army through the country. Belgium refused.

Question 34

Describe Trench design and construction

Answer 34

- Zig-zag pattern to help with defence - 8-10 feet deep to protect soldiers from sniper fire - 4 types: frontline, support, reserve, emergency Connected by communication trenches - Reinforced with wood and sandbags - Duckboards used to keep soldiers feet above water Topped with barbed wire

Question 35

Describe the condition of the trenches

Answer 35

frequently waterlogged: - soldiers would drown - Wetness led to diseases spreading - trench foot was a huge issues. Mud was everywhere - soldiers uniforms, weapons were all ruined by the mud It was unsanitary: - rats and flees spread diseases - bodies would often be left for days

Question 36

Describe the animals in the trenches

Answer 36

- Rats and fleas were major problems and lice Horses: - used for transport of soldiers and supplies - they were also used to charge into battle Dogs: - used to catch rats - to carry medicine and comfort dying soldiers - used for security Pigeons: - used to carry messages

Question 37

Describe the soldiers’ routines

Answer 37

Free time in the afternoon High alert at dawn and dusk Most work (repairing trenched) done at night Sleep during the day Lots of time spent cleaning mud off weapons and clothes

Question 38

Describe the weapons and warfare

Answer 38

New technology was used as the war went on: - quick firing artillery - Tanks from 1916 - airplanes in final years Gas shells were deadly machine guns were used to defend trenches

Question 39

What happened in 1916?

Answer 39

In February 1916 the Germans launched a massive attack on the French trenches at the town of Verdun.

Question 40

What was the plan for the Battle of the Somme?

Answer 40

The British believed that after an initial weeklong artillery bombardment of the German front line their defences and weapons would be destroyed. Haig (the general in charge of the battle plan) commanded the British infantry (foot soldiers) to then advance in waves at walking pace to keep formation, to take hope of the German positions, followed by a charge of cavalry would sweep through towards Germany.