WW1 Quiz Flashcards
(42 cards)
1
Q
MAIN causes of WW1
M
A
Militarism
* Policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war
* The glorification of the military
2
Q
Arms Race
A
A competition in which two enemy nations try to outdo each other to produce the largest arsenal of weapons
3
Q
MAIN causes of WW1
A
A
Alliances
4
Q
Triple Entente
A
France, Russia, and Great Britain
5
Q
Triple Alliance
A
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
6
Q
MAIN causes of WW1
I
A
Imperialism:
* System where powerful nation controls and exploits a colony through use of force, most notably for economic gain
7
Q
MAIN causes of WW1
N
A
Nationalism
8
Q
“Submerged” Nations
A
Nations that were living within, and dominated by other nations
9
Q
Balkans
A
- Were home to many different ethnic groups that had long-standing conflicts
- The Balkans were also the crossroads of Catholic, Muslim, and Christian religious influences
- Nationialism was a powerful and dividing force in the region
10
Q
Power Keg of Europe
Crisis in the Bulkans
A
- Turkey ruled the Balkans in the early 1900’s
- All major powers wanted to increase their influence in the area
- 1908 –> Group called “young turks” caused chaos everywhere in Turkey
- Austria Hungary takes advantage and seize provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Majority of the ppl living there were Serbs who didnt wanna be part of Austria - Hungary
11
Q
Power Keg of Europe
First Balkan War
A
- 1911 –> Italy attacks Turkey and wins
- 1912 –> Balkan countries join together to form Balkan League
- Balkan League attacks Turkey and wins
12
Q
Power Keg of Europe
Second Bulkan War
A
- Bulgaria wanted more land
- 1913 –> Bulgaria attacks Serbia and Greece (they lost horribly)
Serbia came out of both wars strong – Growing Serbian nationalism
13
Q
Power Keg of Europe
Assisination of Franz Ferdinand
A
- Archduke of Austria-Hungary
- 1914 –> He arrived in Sarajevo. He is assasinated by Serbian terrorists
14
Q
Schlieffen Plan
A
- Aug 3, 1914 –> Germany invaded Belgium following a stratergy known as the Schlieffen Plan.
- This called for a quick strike through Belgium to Paris, France.
- Next Germany would attack Russia
- Plan was designed to prevent a two-front war for Germany
15
Q
Stalemate at “No Man’s Land”
A
- Unable to save Belgium, Allies retreat to the Marne River in France where they halted the German advance in Sep of 1914
- Both sides dug in for a long siege. By spring 1915, two parallel systems of deep trenches crossed France from Belgium to Switzerland.
- Inbetween the trenches was “no mans land”
16
Q
Trench Warfare: Western Front
A
- Over 4 years, trench line moved very little
- Very little ground was captured
17
Q
War of Attrition
A
- A conflict in which each side tries to wear the other down by killing as many of its men as possible
- Won by patience and skilfull resource management
18
Q
Stalemate/Deadlock
A
- Western front remained static; each side killed many of the other’s men, but very little progress was made
19
Q
Shell Shock
A
Constant exposure to continuous danger, shelling, and death created condition called shell shock
20
Q
Wounded in Action
A
Over 90% of soliders who made it to the medical aid station survived their wounds
21
Q
American Neutrality/Isolation
A
- 1914 –> Americans saw no reason to join a struggle 3000 miles away
22
Q
USA & The Lutistania Disaster
A
- Lustistania was a British passenger liner that carried over 1000 people
- German U-boat sank it killing everyone aboard, include 128 american tourists
- Germans claimed the ship carried Allied ammunition
- Americans were pissed and public opinion turned against Germany
23
Q
America Edges Closer to the War
A
- Woodrow Wilson elected in 1916 with the slogan “he kept us out of war”
- Germany ignores Wilson’s plea for peace
- Zimmerman Note - Telegram from Germany to Mexico reveals a proposed alliance
- Germany sinks 4 unarmed US Ships
- April 2, 1917 –> Woodrow Wilson declares war
24
Q
Power Balance is Tipped
A
- May 1917 –> Selective Service Act
By the end of 1918, 24mil had signed up to fight in the war and 3 mil were called to duty - After 2 years of fighting, Allied troops were tired
- US soldiers brought fresh energy and enthusiasism
25
Bolt-Action Rifle
* New weapon which made it possible for the solider to fire 15 rounds a min
* So accurate it could kill a person almost 1400m away
26
Machine Guns
* Not a main weapon of British Soldiers
* Needed 4-6 men to man them in 1914 + had to be positioned on a flat surface
* New machine guns could fire 500 rounds per min
* Had the fire power of almost 100 guns
27
Chlorine & Mustard Gas
Chlorine:
* Caused chest pains and a painful deaeth by suffocation
Mustard:
* Most deadly weapon used in trenches
* Took 12 hrs to work; could take upto 5 weeks to die
* Odorless; only small amounts needed
* Caused skin blistering, vomiting, internal and external bleeding
## Footnote
- WW1 was the first war to use gas attacks
- Gas attacks were first used by Germans
28
Zeppelins
* Airships used during bombing raids by Germans
* Could travel upto 140mph
* Carried machine guns and 4500lbs of bombs
Problem:
* Filled with 40,000 cubic feet of Hydrogen, which could easily ignite and explode
29
New Planes
* WW1 was the first war to use planes to deliver bombs
30
Tanks
* Max Speed = 4 mph
* Capacity = 10 men
* Revolving turret
* Battle of Somme --> difficult to maneuver in mud; not very effective
31
Total war
All people & resources devoted to war
32
Propaganda
Spreading ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing force
Used to control public opinion
33
War Measures Act & Ukrainian Internment
* Aug 22, 1914 --> Bill was passed into law (right before the outbreak of WW1)
* Censorship of media
* Arrest and deportaiton of "enemy aliens"
* Taking property without permission
* Control over transportation and trade
* Used to justify internment of over 9000 Ukrainian-Canadian
* Pre-war prejudices worsened by wartime xenophobia, causing hysteria
* Internees were exploited for their labour
* Living condiitons were poor and guards were often brutal and violent
* 107 internees died in captivity
34
35
Ypres
* Last Beglian area surrounded by German forces
* First use of Chlorine gas
* Canadians held their ground
36
Passchendaele
* Douglais Haig (British officer) was determined to take break through German front
* 15000 Canadians died for an advance of only 6km
37
Vimy Ridge
* Heavily fortified by German forces
* Both France and Britain tried and failed to capture this territory
* Canadian forces were able to take the Ridge, costing 3500 lives
38
Armistice
On Nov. 11 an armistice is signed
39
Paris Peace Conference
Despite the fact that many countries were in attendance, only the Big Four make the decisions
40
Wilson's Fourteen Points
* Woodrow Wilson writes a series of peace proposals
* Included:
* The limitation of arms
* an end to secret alliances
* self-determination: restored freedom to some lands and creation of independent lands
* creation of the League of Nations
* Treaty of Versailles
41
Treaty of Versailles
This treaty blamed and punished Germany for the war:
* Reduced size of German army
* Banned weapons-making in Germany
* Took away all of Germany’s colonies
* Made Germany pay reparations (payments for war damage)
* Demanded that Germany accept the blame for causing the war
## Footnote
Left Germany weak and laid the groundwork for the rise of Hitler
42
