WW1_british_political_parities_1914 -1918 Flashcards
(18 cards)
What were three major consequences of WWI on Britain (excluding Ireland)?
- Increased state intervention and collectivism
- changes in party politics (e.g. coalition governments, Liberal split)
- severe economic damage
How did WWI affect state and society relations?
It increased state control through nationalisation, regulation, and intervention in economic and social affairs
What was the Defence of the Realm Act 1914 (DORA)?
Legislation that gave the government extensive wartime powers, including censorship, conscription, and economic regulation.
What happened to the concept of free trade during WWI?
Free trade was curtailed as the government intervened in markets and increased tariffs and controls
How did WWI affect the Liberal Party?
The party split over state intervention, conscription, and war policy; Asquith’s leadership ended, and its dominance declined
Why was Asquith criticised during the war?
He delegated war responsibilities to Kitchener, mishandled the shell crisis, and delayed on conscription, leading to his replacement
How did the ‘shell crisis’ affect David Lloyd George’s career?
It elevated his influence as he resolved the crisis, strengthening his position within the government
Why did the 1915 coalition government form?
Due to rising casualties and pressure for conscription, which required broader political support
What caused Asquith’s resignation in 1916?
Pressure for a war cabinet without him, Conservative refusal to serve under Asquith, and his failed attempt to force DLG’s resignation
Why was DLG known as the ‘man who won the war’?
For his war management, creation of a war cabinet, and efforts to control the military
What was unusual about Lloyd George’s wartime government?
He was a Liberal leading a government largely composed of Conservatives
What was the Maurice Debate 1918?
A failed no-confidence motion by Asquith against DLG, highlighting the deep Liberal split
Why did DLG and the Conservatives continue the coalition in 1918?
Both feared losing a general election without each other’s support.
What was the 1918 Coupon Election?
A post-war election in which coalition candidates were endorsed with a “coupon” letter, leading to a large victory
Why did the coalition government collapse in 1922?
Due to the Geddes Axe cuts, DLG’s declining popularity, Irish and foreign policy issues, and the Carlton Club revolt
How did WWI benefit the Conservative Party?
They entered government without an election and remained powerful post-war, benefitting from the Liberals’ decline.
How did WWI affect the Labour Party?
Initial damage from pacifist leaders, later recovery with Henderson’s coalition role, trade union growth, and Clause 4 adoption.
What was Clause 4 of the Labour Party constitution?
A commitment to common ownership of the means of production, adopted in 1918 to give Labour a clearer identity
